1、Designation: D6166 08 D6166 12Standard Test Method forColor of Naval StoresPine Chemicals and Related Products(Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the color of cle
3、ar, yellow/brown, liquid materials using colormeasuring instruments. The results may be invalid if other materials are used. The test uses the Gardner color scale described inTest Method D1544. This test method applies to naval storespine chemical products including tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, r
4、osin, andrelated products.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, problems associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the u
5、ser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precis
6、ion and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE SystemE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The color of a liquid sample is measured using an instrument capable
7、 of measuring transmitted color and reporting inGardner colors or in a color system that can be converted to Gardner colors.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a more precise way of measuring Gardner color than described in Test Method D1544. It isapplicable to naval storespine chem
8、ical products having colors from Gardner 1 to Gardner 18. The Gardner scale is not applicableto materials with colors lighter than 1 or darker than 18.5. Apparatus5.1 An instrument capable of measuring transmitted color and reporting the results in the Gardner color scale described in TestMethod D15
9、44. If such an instrument is not available, one may be used which is capable of measuring transmitted color andreporting in tristimulus values or chromaticity coordinates using standard illuminant C and the 2 observer, described in PracticeE308.5.2 Glass Cuvets, 10mm path length, unless a different
10、path length is specified by the manufacturer, or5.3 Glass Tubes, clear. Standard Gardner tubes, as described in Test Method D1544, or other glass tubes designed for a specificinstrument may be used. Gardner tubes may provide less accuracy than glass cuvets and should be used only when a decrease ina
11、ccuracy is acceptable. Glass cuvets should be used for referee situations.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.Current e
12、dition approved July 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2012. Published July 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 asD6166 - 97 (2003).D6166 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6166-08.10.1520/D6166-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact A
13、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been ma
14、de to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Cop
15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Calibration and Standardization6.1 Calibrate the instrument following the manufacturers recommendations.6.1.1 Test sample preparation for rosin and rosin derivatives.6.1.1.1 As most rosi
16、ns and rosin derivatives are solids it is necessary to introduce a molten sample into the tube or cuvet.6.1.1.2 If the sample is available in molten form the test sample should be poured into the cuvet or tube and the color measuredwhile the rosin is still molten.6.1.1.3 If the sample is in solid fo
17、rm it has to be melted in order to be introduced into the tube or cuvet. The sample to be testedshall consist of freshly broken lumps and free of dust and finely divided material. Select a quantity at least twice that necessaryrequired to fill the test tubes or cuvets and melt it in a clean containe
18、r using an oven, hot plate, heat gun, sand bath or oil bath takingcare to avoid overheating. Stir slowly avoiding the formation of bubbles. Melt the sample completely, but do not heat it above thetemperature necessary for the sample to pour readily. The time from the beginning of heating to the pour
19、ing of the sample shouldnot exceed 15 min. Pour the molten test sample into the cuvet or tube and measure the color while the rosin is still molten.7. Procedure7.1 Taking care not to touch the measurement area of the sample cell, fill a clean tube or cuvet with the material to be tested.If the mater
20、ial is cloudy, first filter it.7.2 Insert the glass tube or cuvet in the instrument and measure the color, following the manufacturers recommendedprocedure.8. Report8.1 Report the color in Gardner color units to a tenth of a Gardner unit as given by the instrument or as calculated by the methodin th
21、e appendix. Note if the material was filtered.9. Precision and Bias39.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratory study of the color of three materials was run in 1996. Each of 13laboratories tested each of the three materials. The design of the experiment, similar to that of Practice E691 and
22、a within-betweenanalysis of the data are given in ASTM Research Report.9.2 Test ResultThe precision information given below for Gardner color is for the comparison of three test results, each ofwhich is the average of three test determination as follows:9.2.1 Repeatability Limit, 95 % (within labora
23、tory) = 0.06 Gardner units.9.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, 95 % (between laboratories) = 0.50 Gardner units.9.3 These terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respective standarddeviations among test results, related to the above numbers by the f
24、actor of 2.8, are as follows:9.3.1 Repeatability standard deviation = 0.02 Gardner units.9.3.2 Reproducibility standard deviation = 0.18 Gardner units.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedures in this test method,bias has not been dete
25、rmined.10. Keywords10.1 instrumental Gardner color; rosin; tall oil; tall oil fatty acidsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CALCULATING GARDNER COLOR FROM CHROMATICITY COORDINATESX1.1 For instruments reporting in tristimulus values or chromaticity coordinates, measure the tristimulus values or ch
26、romaticitycoordinates using 10mm cuvets or standard Gardner tubes. Sample cells with larger or smaller path lengths will producetristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates that will not convert, using Table X1.1, to the true Gardner color of the testmaterial.X1.2 Record the tristimulus values X,
27、 Y, Z, or the chromaticity coordinates x, y, Y for the test material.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report: RR:D01-1106.D6166 122X1.3 If the instrument reports tristimulus values, convert them to chromaticity coordinate
28、s using the procedure in Practice E308.X1.4 The Gardner value of the test material is determined as follows:GTM5GI1GF (X1.1)where:where:GTM = the Gardner color of the test material,GI = the integer portion of the test materials Gardner color value, andGF = the fractional portion of the Gardner color
29、 value.X1.5 By comparing the x-chromaticity coordinate of the test material with the x-chromaticity coordinate in Table 1 of Test MethodD1544, determine the integer portion of the test materials Gardner color using the relationship as follows:TABLE X1.1 Chromaticity Coordinates of Gardner ColorsAGar
30、dner color x y Y1 0.3177 0.3303 802 0.3233 0.3352 793 0.3329 0.3452 764 0.3437 0.3644 755 0.3558 0.3840 746 0.3767 0.4061 717 0.4044 0.4352 678 0.4207 0.4498 649 0.4343 0.4640 6110 0.4503 0.4760 5711 0.4842 0.4818 4512 0.5077 0.4638 3613 0.5392 0.4458 3014 0.5646 0.4270 2215 0.5857 0.4089 1616 0.604
31、7 0.3921 1117 0.6290 0.3701 618 0.6477 0.3521 4A See Test Method D1544.D6166 123GI 5Gn, where:xn #xTM,xn11 (X1.2)where:where:Gn = the Gardner color value which is lighter than the test material,xn = the x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner color value which is lighter than the test material,xTM
32、= the x chromaticity coordinate of the test material, andxn+1 = the x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner color value which is darker than the test material.X1.6 Calculate the fractional portion of the test materials Gardner color as follows:GF 5xn112xn!xTM2xn!1yn112yn!yTM2yn!xn112xn!21yn112yn!2
33、(X1.3)where:where:yn = the y chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner color value which is lighter than the test material,yTM = the y chromaticity coordinate of the test material, andyn+1 = the y chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner color value which is darker than the test material.xn, xn+1, and xT
34、M = definition of Eq X1.3.Example 1. For a test material with chromaticity coordinates of xTM = 0.3685, yTM = 0.3998. From Table X1.1, xTM is betweenthe chromaticity coordinates for Gardner color values 5 and 6, therefore GI = 5 andGF5 (X1.4)0.376720.3558!0.368520.3558!10.406120.3840!0.399820.3840!0
35、.376720.3558!210.406120.3840!2soGF 50.7 (X1.5)andGTM55.7ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
36、 rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either
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38、ring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6166 124
