1、Designation: D6166 12 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forColor of Pine Chemicals and Related Products (InstrumentalDetermination of Gardner Color)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the color of clear,
3、yellow/brown, liquid materials using colormeasuring instruments. The results may be invalid if othermaterials are used. The test uses the Gardner color scaledescribed in Test Method D1544. This test method applies topine chemical products including tall oil, tall oil fatty acids,rosin, and related p
4、roducts.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard
5、to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-ner Color Scale)E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM T
6、est MethodsE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The color of a liquid sample is measured using aninstrument capable of measuring transmitted
7、 color and report-ing in Gardner colors or in a color system that can be convertedto Gardner colors.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a more precise way ofmeasuring Gardner color than described in Test MethodD1544. It is applicable to pine chemical products having colorsfrom Gardn
8、er 1 to Gardner 18. The Gardner scale is notapplicable to materials with colors lighter than 1 or darker than18.5. Apparatus5.1 An instrument capable of measuring transmitted colorand reporting the results in the Gardner color scale described inTest Method D1544. If such an instrument is not availab
9、le, onemay be used which is capable of measuring transmitted colorand reporting in tristimulus values or chromaticity coordinatesusing standard illuminant C and the 2 observer, described inPractice E308.5.2 Glass Cuvets, 10mm path length, unless a differentpath length is specified by the manufacture
10、r, or5.3 Glass Tubes, clear. Standard Gardner tubes, as describedin Test Method D1544, or other glass tubes designed for aspecific instrument may be used. Gardner tubes may provideless accuracy than glass cuvets and should be used only whena decrease in accuracy is acceptable. Glass cuvets should be
11、used for referee situations.6. Calibration and Standardization6.1 Calibrate the instrument following the manufacturersrecommendations.6.1.1 Test sample preparation for rosin and rosin deriva-tives.6.1.1.1 As most rosins and rosin derivatives are solids it isnecessary to introduce a molten sample int
12、o the tube or cuvet.6.1.1.2 If the sample is available in molten form the testsample should be poured into the cuvet or tube and the colormeasured while the rosin is still molten.6.1.1.3 If the sample is in solid form it has to be melted inorder to be introduced into the tube or cuvet. The sample to
13、 betested shall consist of freshly broken lumps and free of dust andfinely divided material. Select a quantity at least twice thatnecessary required to fill the test tubes or cuvets and melt it ina clean container using an oven, hot plate, heat gun, sand bathor oil bath taking care to avoid overheat
14、ing. Stir slowly1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Origi
15、nallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6166 12. DOI:10.1520/D6166-12R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Doc
16、ument Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on
17、Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1avoiding the formation of bubbles. Melt the sample completely,but do not heat it above the temperature necessary for thesample to p
18、our readily. The time from the beginning of heatingto the pouring of the sample should not exceed 15 min. Pourthe molten test sample into the cuvet or tube and measure thecolor while the rosin is still molten.7. Procedure7.1 Taking care not to touch the measurement area of thesample cell, fill a cle
19、an tube or cuvet with the material to betested. If the material is cloudy, first filter it.7.2 Insert the glass tube or cuvet in the instrument andmeasure the color, following the manufacturers recommendedprocedure.8. Report8.1 Report the color in Gardner color units to a tenth of aGardner unit as g
20、iven by the instrument or as calculated by themethod in the appendix. Note if the material was filtered.9. Precision and Bias39.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratory studyof the color of three materials was run in 1996. Each of 13laboratories tested each of the three materials. The design
21、 ofthe experiment, similar to that of Practice E691 and a within-between analysis of the data are given in ASTM ResearchReport.9.2 Test ResultThe precision information given below forGardner color is for the comparison of three test results, eachof which is the average of three test determination as
22、 follows:9.2.1 Repeatability Limit, 95 % (within laboratory) = 0.06Gardner units.9.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, 95 % (between laboratories) =0.50 Gardner units.9.3 These terms (repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respectivestandard deviations among
23、 test results, related to the abovenumbers by the factor of 2.8, are as follows:9.3.1 Repeatability standard deviation = 0.02 Gardner units.9.3.2 Reproducibility standard deviation = 0.18 Gardnerunits.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the proc
24、edures in this testmethod, bias has not been determined.10. Keywords10.1 instrumental Gardner color; rosin; tall oil; tall oil fattyacidsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CALCULATING GARDNER COLOR FROM CHROMATICITY COORDINATESX1.1 For instruments reporting in tristimulus values orchromaticity co
25、ordinates, measure the tristimulus values orchromaticity coordinates using 10mm cuvets or standardGardner tubes. Sample cells with larger or smaller path lengthswill produce tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinatesthat will not convert, using Table X1.1, to the true Gardnercolor of the test m
26、aterial.X1.2 Record the tristimulus values X, Y, Z, or the chroma-ticity coordinates x, y, Y for the test material.X1.3 If the instrument reports tristimulus values, convertthem to chromaticity coordinates using the procedure inPractice E308.X1.4 The Gardner value of the test material is determined
27、asfollows:GTM5 GI1GF(X1.1)where:GTM= the Gardner color of the test material,GI= the integer portion of the test materials Gardner colorvalue, andGF= the fractional portion of the Gardner color value.X1.5 By comparing the x-chromaticity coordinate of the testmaterial with the x-chromaticity coordinat
28、e in Table 1 of TestMethod D1544, determine the integer portion of the testmaterials Gardner color using the relationship as follows:3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report: RR:D01-1106. Contact ASTM Cus-tomer Service at se
29、rviceastm.org.TABLE X1.1 Chromaticity Coordinates of Gardner ColorsAGardner color x y Y1 0.3177 0.3303 802 0.3233 0.3352 793 0.3329 0.3452 764 0.3437 0.3644 755 0.3558 0.3840 746 0.3767 0.4061 717 0.4044 0.4352 678 0.4207 0.4498 649 0.4343 0.4640 6110 0.4503 0.4760 5711 0.4842 0.4818 4512 0.5077 0.4
30、638 3613 0.5392 0.4458 3014 0.5646 0.4270 2215 0.5857 0.4089 1616 0.6047 0.3921 1117 0.6290 0.3701 618 0.6477 0.3521 4ASee Test Method D1544.D6166 12 (2016)2GI5 Gn, where:xn#xTM,xn11(X1.2)where:Gn= the Gardner color value which is lighter than the testmaterial,xn= the x chromaticity coordinate of th
31、e Gardner colorvalue which is lighter than the test material,xTM= the x chromaticity coordinate of the test material, andxn+1= the x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner colorvalue which is darker than the test material.X1.6 Calculate the fractional portion of the test materialsGardner color as fo
32、llows:GF5xn112 xn!xTM2 xn!1yn112 yn!yTM2 yn!xn112 xn!21yn112 yn!2(X1.3)where:yn= the y chromaticity coordinate of theGardner color value which is lighterthan the test material,yTM= the y chromaticity coordinate of the testmaterial, andyn+1= the y chromaticity coordinate of theGardner color value whi
33、ch is darkerthan the test material.xn,xn+1, and xTM= definition of Eq X1.3.Example 1. For a test material with chromaticity coordinatesof xTM= 0.3685, yTM= 0.3998. From Table X1.1, xTMisbetween the chromaticity coordinates for Gardner color values5 and 6, therefore GI= 5 andGF5 (X1.4)0.3767 2 0.3558
34、!0.3685 2 0.3558!10.4061 2 0.3840!0.3998 2 0.3840!0.3767 2 0.3558!210.4061 2 0.3840!2soGF5 0.7 (X1.5)andGTM5 5.7ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advis
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37、you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individu
38、al reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 12 (2016)3
