1、Designation:D6264/D6264M07 Designation: D6264/D6264M 12Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-StaticIndentation Force1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6264/D6264M; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method d
3、etermines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjectedto a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimensupported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test speci
4、men. The composite material forms are limited tocontinuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2.This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.1.1.1 Instructions for modifying thes
5、e procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions areprovided in Practice D7766/D7766M.1.2 Aflat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenterinto the surface. The damage resistance is quantified
6、 in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damagein the specimen.1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequentdamage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in ac
7、cordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M tomeasure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate methodof creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by
8、this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which includespecimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to otherconfigurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.1.5
9、 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmustshall be used independently of the other. Combin
10、ing values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stand
11、ard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to Plas
12、ticsD3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite MaterialsD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix CompositeMaterialsD5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with
13、Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation1This standard test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 onStructural Test Methods.Current edition approved Nov.April 1, 2007.2012. Published December 2007.M
14、ay 2012. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20042007 asD626498(2004).D6264 07. DOI: 10.1520/D6264_D6264M-0712.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume in
15、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequatel
16、y depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
17、PA 19428-2959, United States.D7136/D7136M Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to aDrop-Weight Impact EventD7137/D7137M Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite PlatesD7766/D7766M Practice f
18、or Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich ConstructionsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Preci
19、sion, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcessE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in DatabasesE1434 Guide for Reco
20、rding Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in DatabasesE1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases Guide forIdentification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property DatabasesE
21、2533 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications2.2 Military Standards:MIL-HDBK-17-3F Composite Materials Handbook, Volume 3Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage, Design andAnalysis3MIL-HDBK-728/1 Nondestructive Testing4MIL-HDBK-731A Nondestructiv
22、e Testing Methods of Composite MaterialsThermography4MIL-HDBK-732A Nondestructive Testing Methods of Composite MaterialsAcoustic Emission4MIL-HDBK-733A Nondestructive Testing Methods of Composite MaterialsRadiography4MIL-HDBK-787A Nondestructive Testing Methods of Composite MaterialsUltrasonics43. T
23、erminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relating to composite materials. Terminology D883 defines terms relatingto plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relatingto statistics. In the event of a conflict
24、 between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical dimensions are stated immediately following the term (or lettersymbol) in fundamental dimension form, u
25、sing the following ASTM standard symbology for fundamental dimensions, shownwithin square brackets: M for mass, L for length, T for time, u for thermodynamic temperature, and nd for non-dimensionalquantities. Use of these symbols is restricted to analytical dimensions when used with square brackets,
26、 as the symbols may haveother definitions when used without the brackets.3.2.2 contact force, F MLT2, nthe force exerted by the indenter on the specimen during the test, as recorded by a forceindicator.3.2.3 dent depth, d L, nresidual depth of the depression formed by an indenter after removal of ap
27、plied force. The dent depthshall be defined as the maximum distance in a direction normal to the face of the specimen from the lowest point in the dent tothe plane of the surface that is undisturbed by the dent.3Available from U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Materials Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Gr
28、ound, MD 21001.4Available from U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA 02471.FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation TestD6264/D6264M 1223.2.4 indenter displacement, d L, nthe displacement of the indenter relative to the specimen support.3.2.5 nominal value, na value, existing in name only,
29、 assigned to a measurable property for the purpose of convenientdesignation. Tolerances may be applied to a nominal value to define an acceptable range for the property.3.2.6 principal material coordinate system, na coordinate system with axes that are normal to the planes of symmetry inherentto a m
30、aterial.3.2.6.1 DiscussionCommon usage, at least for Cartesian axes (123, xyz, and so forth), generally assigns the coordinate systemaxes to the normal directions of planes of symmetry in order that the highest property value in a normal direction (for elasticproperties, the axis of greatest stiffne
31、ss) would be 1 or x, and the lowest (if applicable) would be 3 or z. Anisotropic materials donot have a principal material coordinate system due to the total lack of symmetry, while, for isotropic materials, any coordinatesystem is a principal material coordinate system. In laminated composites, the
32、 principal material coordinate system has meaningonly with respect to an individual orthotropic lamina. The related term for laminated composites is reference coordinate system.3.2.7 reference coordinate system, na coordinate system for laminated composites used to define ply orientations. One of th
33、ereference coordinate system axes (normally the Cartesian x-axis) is designated the reference axis, assigned a position, and the plyprincipal axis of each ply in the laminate is referenced relative to the reference axis to define the ply orientation for that ply.3.3 Symbols:CV = coefficient of varia
34、tion statistic of a sample population for a given property (in percent)D = damage diameter (see Fig. 6)d = dent depth (see 3.2.3)E = energy calculated by integrating the contact force and indenter displacement curveEa= energy absorbed (inelastically) by the specimen during the testEmax= energy at ma
35、ximum indenter displacementF = contact force (see 3.2.2)Fmax= the maximum contact force exerted on the specimen during a testn = number of specimens per sample populationN = number of plies in laminate under testsn1= standard deviation statistic of a sample population for a given propertyxi= test re
36、sult for an individual specimen from the sample population for a given propertyx= mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample population for a given propertyd = indenter displacement (see 3.2.4)do= indenter displacement at initial specimen contactdf= indenter displacement at the end of the unload
37、ing cycledmax= maximum indenter displacement during the test4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A quasi-static indentation (QSI) test is used to measure the damage resistance on a balanced, symmetric laminated plate.Damage is imparted through an out-of-plane, concentrated force (perpendicular to the plane
38、of the laminated plate) applied byslowly pressing a displacement-controlled hemispherical indenter into the face of the specimen (Fig. 1). The damage resistance isquantified in terms of the resulting size and type of damage in the specimen. The damage response is a function of the testconfiguration;
39、 comparisons cannot be made between materials unless identical test configurations, test conditions, etc. are used.4.2 Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening (edgesupported) and for a rigidly-backed test specimen.4.3 Prefe
40、rred damage states are centered on the plate and are away from the plate edges.5. Significance and Use5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures madeof advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance prop
41、erties of a laminated composite plate is useful forproduct development and material selection.5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5These are typicallyrelatively large-mass low-velocit
42、y hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is runslowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damageevents with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to th
43、e oscillations in the force history. In addition, aspecific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiableafter a drop-weight impact test.5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage s
44、tate for drop-weight impact testing ifall others parameters are held constant.5The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.D6264/D6264M 1235.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fi
45、ber volume fraction, andprocessing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentationforce.5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with differentconstituents. Th
46、e damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax, Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.5.2.6 To me
47、asure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending using the two specimen configurations(edge supported and rigidly backed).5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capabilityof composite structures of
48、 similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, etc. However, it must be understood that the damageresistance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, mass, supportconditions, etc. Significant differences in the relationships betwee
49、n force/energy and the resultant damage state can result due todifferences in these parameters. For example, properties obtained using the specimen supported over a circular hole would morelikely reflect the damage resistance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached tosub-structure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to thoseof a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larg
