1、Designation: D 6278 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forShear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using aEuropean Diesel Injector Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shearstability of p
3、olymer-containing fluids. The test method mea-sures the percent viscosity loss at 100C of polymer-containingfluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedurethat uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosityloss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle.NOTE
4、1Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation ofshear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement.No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this testmethod with those of the sonic shear test method.NOTE 2This test method uses test appara
5、tus as defined in CECL-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period oftime required for calibration.NOTE 3Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injectorapparatus but may give different results.NOTE 4This test method has different calibration and operationalrequirement
6、s than withdrawn Test Method D 3945.NOTE 5Test Method D 7109 is a similar procedure that measuresshear stability at both 30 and 90 injection cycles. This test method uses 30injection cycles only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
7、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 445 Test Method
8、for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing OilsD 5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test(FISST) for Polymer Containing FluidsD 6299 Practice for Applying Statistica
9、l Quality AssuranceTechniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement SystemPerformanceD 7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatusat 30 and 90 Cycles2.2 Coordination European Council (CEC) Standard:3CEC L-14-A-93 Evaluation of the Mechan
10、ical Shear Sta-bility of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 kinematic viscosity, na measure of the resistance toflow of a fluid under gravity.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration pressure, nthe recorded gauge pressurewhen calibrati
11、on fluid RL34 or RL233 undergoes a viscosityloss of 2.75 to 2.85 mm2/s when the recorded gauge pressure iswithin the range of 13.0 to 18.0 MPa.3.2.2 viscosity loss, nthe loss in viscosity determinedfrom the difference in kinematic viscosity at 100C of pre-sheared and post-sheared fluid.3.2.3 percent
12、 viscosity loss, nviscosity loss, as defined in3.2.2, divided by the pre-sheared viscosity, and reported as apercent.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A polymer-containing fluid is passed through a dieselinjector nozzle at a shear rate that causes polymer molecules todegrade. The resultant degradation re
13、duces the kinematicviscosity of the fluid under test. The percent viscosity loss is ameasure of the mechanical shear stability of the polymer-containing fluid.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Sub
14、committeeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 627802.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F
15、or Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from CEC Secretariat, Madou Plaza, 25thfloor, Place Madou 1,B-1210 Brussels, Belgium.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Intern
16、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss forpolymer-containing fluids resulting from polymer degradationin the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effectsar
17、e minimized.5.2 This test method is used for quality control purposes bymanufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and their cus-tomers.5.3 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity lossin field service in different field equipment under widelyvarying operating conditions, which may
18、cause lubricant vis-cosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes as wellas by the mechanical shearing of polymer. However, when thefield service conditions, primarily or exclusively, result in thedegradation of polymer by mechanical shearing, there may bea correlation between the results fr
19、om this test method andresults from the field.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a fluid reservoir, a double-plunger pump with an electric motor drive, an atomizationchamber with a diesel injector spray nozzle, and a fluid coolingvessel, installed in an area with an ambient temperature of 20t
20、o 25C (68 to 77F). Fig. A1.1 shows the schematic represen-tation of equipment.6.1.1 Fluid Reservoir,InFig. A1.1, (7)4is open on the top,has approximately a 250 mL capacity, has a 45-mm (1.772-in.)inner diameter, and is calibrated in units of volume. It is fittedwith an internal fluid distributor as
21、detailed in Fig. A1.2.A40-mm (1.575-in.) diameter watch glass with serrated edges isan acceptable distributor plate. The distributor reduces thetendency of fluid channeling. Temperature is measured by athermometer suspended in the center of the fluid reservoir. Thebottom of the thermometer bulb shal
22、l be 10 to 15 mm above theentrance to the drain tube opening. Other temperature-measuring equipment positioned at the same location may alsobe used. The outlet is equipped with a three-way stopcock (8).The three-way stopcock is of a cone type with a nonexchange-able solid plug with an 8-mm (0.315-in
23、.) nominal bore size.Transparent, plastic tubing, (10) in Fig.A1.1, is used to connectthe three-way stopcock to the pump inlet.6.1.2 Double-Plunger Injection Pump,InFig. A1.1 (11) isdefined as Bosch PE 2 A 90D 300/3 S2266. This pump isequipped with a stroke counter, (15), venting screw, (14), andflo
24、w rate adjusting screw, (12).6.1.3 Injection Pump, driven by a three-phase electric mo-tor, (13) in Fig. A1.1, rated at a speed of 925 6 25 rpm.6.1.3.1 This motor runs at 925 rpm on the 50 Hz currentprevalent in Europe; it will run at approximately 1100 rpm on60 Hz current. The 1100 rpm speed is not
25、 acceptable in thisprocedure. A suitable means shall be taken to ensure theprescribed 925 6 25 rpm speed to the injection pump. Oneacceptable method is to usea6to5speed reducer.6.1.4 Outlet of Injection Pump, connected to the atomizationchamber using high pressure steel tubing. The atomizationchambe
26、r, (2) in Fig.A1.1, is defined in more detail in Fig.A1.3.To minimize foam generation, the spray chamber is designedso that the fluid under test exits from the nozzle into a chamberfilled with the test fluid . A drain tube (17) fitted with atwo-way stopcock is included to minimize contamination from
27、the previous test during the system cleaning steps. The dieselinjector nozzle is a Bosch DN 8 S 2-type pintle nozzle injector,number 0434 200 012, installed in a Bosch KD 43 SA 53/15nozzle holder. The nozzle holder includes a filter cartridge.NOTE 6Take great care to avoid damage to the precision pa
28、rts of thefuel injection equipment (the plunger and barrel in the pump and thenozzle valve assembly). Service work on the equipment should beperformed by a diesel fuel injector pump specialist or with reference to themanufacturers service manual.5NOTE 7An unusual rapid rise in gauge pressure during
29、testing maysignify filter blockage. When this occurs, the filter cartridge shall bereplaced.6.1.5 A pressure sensing device (18), such as a glycerol-filled pressure gauge or electronic, digital display pressureindicator, shall be installed and separated from the line by apressure snubber or needle v
30、alve to suitably dampen pressuresurges. The pressure device shall be occasionally pressuretested to ensure accuracy.6.1.6 Fluid Cooling Vessel, (5) in Fig. A1.1), used tomaintain the specified temperature of the test fluid, as indicatedat the outlet of the fluid reservoir. This vessel is a glasscont
31、ainer with exterior cooling jacket constructed so that theheat transfer surface of the jacket is spherical. The exteriorjacket diameter, d1, is approximately 50 mm (1.969 in.). Theinterior heat transfer surface, d2, is approximately 25 mm(0.984 in.) in diameter. The overall length, L, is approximate
32、ly180 mm (7.087 in.). A distributor plate, similar in design to thedistributor plate in the fluid reservoir, is positioned in the upperportion of the fluid cooling vessel to ensure contact betweenthe fluid and the cooling surface. The discharge from the fluidcooling vessel is through a three-way sto
33、pcock of the samedesign used on the discharge of the fluid reservoir. The exteriorcooling jacket shall be supplied with an adjustable volume ofcold water.7. Materials7.1 Diesel Fuel (No. 2), initially required to adjust the dieselinjector nozzle valve opening pressure.7.2 Calibration Fluid RL34, use
34、d to ensure that when theapparatus is adjusted within a prescribed pressure range, thecorrect viscosity loss is obtained.7.3 Calibration Fluid RL233, used to ensure that when theapparatus is adjusted to within a prescribed pressure range, thecorrect viscosity loss is obtained.NOTE 8Both calibration
35、fluids RL34 and RL233 meet the require-ments of this test method and are equivalent. Both are acceptable duringa transition period between suppliers. See research report for details of theequivalence testing.64The number in parentheses refers to the legend in Fig. A1.1.5Repair Instructions for Diese
36、l Injection Pumps Size A, B, K and Z, BulletinWJP101/1 B EP, Robert Bosch GmbH, 2800 South 25thAve., Broadview, IL60153.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1629.D62780728. Hazards8.1 WarningUse a safety shield be
37、tween the high-pressurecomponents and the operator during use of equipment.8.2 PrecautionDuring operation, the line between thepump and nozzle, (16) in Fig. A1.1), is under a pressure of atleast 13.0 MPa (130 bar, or 1,885 psi). Pressures above theupper limit of 18.0 MPa (180 bar or 2611 psi) are po
38、ssible iffilter plugging occurs. Shut off the pump prior to tightening anyfitting that is not properly sealed.9. Sampling9.1 Approximately 600 mL of fluid is needed per test.9.2 The test fluid shall be at room temperature, uniform inappearance, and free of any visible insoluble material prior toplac
39、ing in the test equipment.9.3 Water and insolubles shall be removed before testing, orfilter blocking and nozzle wear may occur. Filter blocking canbe detected by a sudden change in gauge pressure. Thetransport of insolubles to the shear zone will shorten nozzlelife.10. Calibration and Standardizati
40、on10.1 Nozzle AdjustmentsIf the nozzle to be used is new orhas not been pre-calibrated, adjust the diesel injector nozzleholder with the nozzle in place. Adjust the nozzle using dieselfuel and a nozzle tester so that the valve opening pressure is13.0 MPa (1885 psi) under static conditions. If the no
41、zzle hasbeen pre-calibrated with RL34 or RL233 calibration oil, adjustthe valve opening pressure to the calibration pressure pre-scribed, which must be between 13.0 MPa and 18.0 MPa (2611psi).10.1.1 Install the nozzle and the nozzle holder in the testapparatus. The pintle/spray nozzle shall be tight
42、ly fitted in thechamber to avoid leakage of oil around the external surface ofthe spray nozzle.10.2 Measurement of Residual Undrained Volume, Vres:10.2.1 The residual undrained oil volume of the system isthe volume of the system between the three-way stopcockbelow the fluid reservoir, (8) in Fig. A1
43、.1, and the injectornozzle orifice, (1). Vresdoes not include the atomizationchamber volume. When the residual undrained volume isknown, go to 10.3.10.2.2 To determine residual undrained volume, first re-move as much fluid as possible by briefly running the pump.10.2.3 Remove the high-pressure lines
44、, (16) in Fig. A1.1,and drain. Remove the plug at the end of the pump gallery todrain the remaining oil in the pump. Drain atomizationchamber (2).10.2.4 Reassemble the system and close all drains. Theupper three-way stopcock (6) shall be open to the lowerreservoir (7) and the lower three-way cock (8
45、) shall be open tothe pump suction (10).10.2.5 Add 170 mL of RL34 or RL233 calibration oil to thelower reservoir (7) and observe the level. Start the pump andrun for several minutes until the oil is transparent and free ofsuspended air.10.2.6 Stop the pump. Drain the fluid in the atomizationchamber
46、into a beaker and then pour the fluid back into thelower reservoir; draining to waste will result in an error in themeasurement of Vres. Allow the system to drain for 20 min andfree air trapped in the transparent connecting tube between thelower reservoir and pump.10.2.7 Observe the difference in oi
47、l level in the lowerreservoir compared to that noted in 10.2.5. Record this differ-ence as the residual volume, Vres.NOTE 9Undrained residual volumes of 15 to 30 mL have beenreported by various users of this test. Vresmeasurements in excess of thismay occur when fluid in the atomization chamber is n
48、ot poured back intothe lower reservoir as in 10.2.6, or if the length of line (10) is excessive.10.2.8 Calculate the run volume, Vrun, which is the subtrac-tive difference between 170 mL and Vres.10.3 Cleaning the Apparatus, Setting the Stroke Counter,and Adjusting the Pump Stroke:10.3.1 Drain resid
49、ual oil by way of drain line (17) from theatomization chamber into a waste container. Drain fluid in thecooling jacket by means of stopcock (6) (Fig. A1.1) and thefluid reservoir by means of stopcock (8), into suitable wastecontainers.10.3.2 After fluid has drained, leave the stopcock on thedrain line to the atomization chamber open and the three-waystopcock (6) positioned so that fluid in the cooling jacket drainsto a waste container. Position stopcock (8) so that the drain isclosed but the fluid reservoir is open to pump suction throughline (10). Add a minimum
