1、Designation: D6389 99 (Reapproved 2016)D6389 17Standard Practice forTests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles toLiquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing geotextiles for chemical resistance to
3、liquids. Reinforcementgeotextiles can also be tested per Practice D6213.1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other optionalphysical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused by immersion in test liquids which may be represent
4、ative of anticipatedend-use conditions. This practice may be used to assess the extent to which a products as-manufactured properties are affectedby such immersion.1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with either PracticesPractice D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practiceis limit
5、ed to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and exposed geotextile samples.1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the scope of this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof
6、 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
7、 on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coat
8、ings, Materials, and ApplicationsD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose DerivativesD3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyole
9、fins by Differential Scanning CalorimetryD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by PermittivityD4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of GeotextilesD4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip MethodD46
10、03 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary ViscometerD4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of GeotextilesD4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosy
11、ntheticUsing a Constant HeadD4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a GeotextileD4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related ProductsD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of A
12、STM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published June 2016June 2017. Orginally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 asD638999(2012).D6389 99 (2016).
13、DOI: 10.1520/D6389-99R16.10.1520/D6389-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is no
14、t an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriat
15、e. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of GeotextilesD5
16、322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to LiquidsD5496 Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of GeosyntheticsD5885 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Polyolefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential ScanningCalorimetr
17、yD5747D6213 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of GeomembranesGeogrids to LiquidsD5885D6241 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Polyolefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential ScanningCalorimetryStatic Puncture Strength of Geotextiles and Geotextile-Related Product
18、s Using a 50-mm ProbeD7409 Test Method for Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) YarnsE375 Definitions of Terms Relating to Resinography (Withdrawn 1992)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chemical resistance, nfor geosynthetics, the extent to which a material or product re
19、tains its as-manufactured physicaland chemical characteristics when subjected to immersion or contact with a foreign substance (see Practice D5747).3.1.2 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, or anyother geotechnical engineering
20、related material as an integral part of a manmade project, structure, or system (see TerminologyD4439).3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical material as anintegral part of manmade product, structure, or system (see Terminology D44
21、39).3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, refer toTerminologies D16, D123, D883and, D1695, D4439, and E375.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures for evaluating the resistance of geotextiles to liquid exposure bymonitoring physical and chemi
22、cal properties of geotextilesgeotextile specimens immersed in a test liquid. The physical conditionof the geotextile is monitored as a function of cumulative exposure time by means of dimensional measurements and physicalproperty tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a test procedu
23、re for determining the resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, orchemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other specifications required for the particular situation being addressed.5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a g
24、uide for those wishing to compare orinvestigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a potentially harsh chemical environment.5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment of geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standard practicesfor geomembranes, geogrids, geonets,
25、and geopipes. Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic underinvestigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment under consideration.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing accurately to 0.001 g.6.2 Meas
26、uring Equipment, such as scales or calipers, suitable for determining dimensions of geotextiles.6.3 All other required equipment is specified in Section 2. Refer to the appropriate standards for a description of the apparatusnecessary to perform each test.7. HazardsNOTE 1Warning:The solutions used i
27、n this practice may contain hazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions must be taken when handlinghazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protective equipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by all personnelhandling or exposed to the chemicals. Particular care s
28、hould be taken when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures due to the increased volatilityof organics and the increased activity of acids and bases. Care also must be taken to prevent the spilling of hazardous materials, and provisions must bemade to clean up any accidental spills that occ
29、ur.7.1 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions and disposal procedures for hazardous waste, chemicals, or immersionliquids,liquids and any contaminated geotextile materials should be identified and implemented to provide full protection to allpersonnel and to comply with applicable disposal
30、 regulations.8. Sampling48.1 Determine the number of the test specimens according to the requirements of the property monitoring property-monitoringtest and the number of test intervals.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Unlike some other geosynth
31、etics, such as geomembranes, geotextile test specimens are cut directly from the roll before immersion, not from already-immersed coupons.D6389 1728.2 Cut individual test specimens randomly in the roll and in the cross directions along the length of the roll of geotextile,staying at least 150 mm awa
32、y from the selvage.8.3 Mix or shuffle specimens in a random fashion, keeping the roll and cross roll cross-roll specimens separate. From theshuffled specimens, select specimens for assignment to unexposed (baseline) testing and for immersion in the test liquid for testingafter exposure.9. Conditioni
33、ng9.1 ConditioningSamples must be conditioned at a temperature of 2162C (7064F) 21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F) and a relativehumidity between 50 and 70 % for a period not less than 40 h prior to weighing or baseline testing and immersion, or a combinationthereof.9.2 Condition the test liquid, that is, immersio
34、n liquid, in the exposure tank, with stirring, as recommended in PracticesPracticeD5322 or D5496, or both.10. Procedure10.1 Immerse the samples in the liquid according to either PracticesPractice D5322 or D5496.10.2 Testing for Baseline ValuesThe unexposed specimens (not exposed to the test liquid)
35、shall be moist when tested. Eachspecimen shall be immersed in water for 24 h prior to testing. ExcessAllow excess water to drain from each of the specimens priorto testing. Conduct testing prior to commencement of the immersions.10.3 Exposed Sample TestingTest the exposed specimens moist. Allow exce
36、ss liquid to drain from the specimens. Store theexposed specimens in leak-free polyethylene bags until testing can be conducted. Commence testing within 24 h of removal fromthe liquid. Testing will be conducted after each period of exposure.10.4 DimensionsBefore exposure to the liquid, measure the l
37、ength of a minimum of two 20 000-mm 20 000-mm2 (100 200-mm) specimens in both the machine and cross machine cross-machine directions using a vernier caliper, marking the exactpoints measured using reference markers. Reference markers will consist of indelible ink or other insoluble material. Track t
38、hespecimens dimensions for the entire duration of the test, by measuring their dimensions after each immersion period. Immediatelyafter measurement, the specimens shall be returned to the immersion vessel for exposure.NOTE 2Some tests may require the use of “dry” specimens. In these cases, an expose
39、d specimen may be rinsed in tap water and dried to constantweight in an air oven prior to testing. While drying temperatures may vary depending on specimen condition and chemical makeup after exposure, it isrecommended that the same drying procedure be used for all testing periods.11. Testing: Testi
40、ng Required, Recommended, and Nonapplicable11.1 Tables 1 and 2 present additional tests according to the geotextiles function and polymer. Required testing is indicated asA in Table 1. Nonapplicable tests are indicated as N/A in both tables. All other tests are recommended.NOTE 3Determination of int
41、rinsic viscosity (IV) and carboxyl end group (CEG) count for polyester have been performed in accordance with a varietyof test procedures. The users of this practice are encouraged to investigate and use IV and CEG test procedures most appropriate for theirobjectives.Carboxyl end group and molecular
42、 weight based on intrinsic viscosity shall be tested for product qualification, but may present challenges tomonitor degradation of the finished product and are thus not required.12. Report12.1 State that the immersion procedure was performed as directed in either PracticesPractice D5322 or D5496.12
43、.2 Describe the material or product tested and the materials condition prior to immersion, including any imperfections orobserved physical characteristics which could influence test results.TABLE 1 Function of GeotextileNOTE 1N/A = Nonapplicable tests.Geotextile Property Separation Protection Reinfo
44、rcement Drainage FiltrationGrab strength D4632A D4632A D4632 D4632 D4632APuncture resistance D4833A D4833A D4833 D4833 D4833APuncture resistance D6241A D6241A D6241 D6241 D6241ATrapezoidal tear strength D4533A D4533A D4533 D4533 D4533AWide width tensile N/A D4595 D4595A D4595 D4595AApparent opening
45、size D4751A N/A N/A D4751A D4751APermittivity D4491A N/A N/A N/A D4491ATransmissivity N/A N/A N/A D4716A N/AThickness D5199 D5199A D5199 D5199 D5199Mass unit area D5261 D5261A D5261 D5261 D5261ARequired testing.N/A = Nonapplicable tests.D6389 17312.3 Describe the method used to sample the product fo
46、r the immersion procedure.TABLE 2 Geotextile PolymerNOTE 1N/A = Nonapplicable tests.Geotextile Property Polyolefin (PP, PE) PolyesterOxidative induction time (D3895, D5885) D3895, D5885 N/AMelt flow index D1238 N/AIntrinsic viscosity (D4603) N/A D4603Carboxyl end groupA N/A D7409AASee EPA/600/288/05
47、2.N/A = Nonapplicable tests.D6389 17412.4 Report which test procedures were used for evaluating the geotextile and any deviations from the procedures.12.5 Report all raw data, averages, and standard deviations.12.6 Report the percent changes from the original unexposed test values for the exposed ma
48、terials.12.7 Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of this practice.13. Keywords13.1 chemical resistance; geosynthetics; geotextilesAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 This practice is intended to provide a standardized procedure for conducting chemical resistance tests fo
49、r geotextile. Theterm“ chemicalterm “chemical compatibility” also has been used to describe such tests. The need for this practice was establishedby ASTM Subcommittee D35.02 with the objective to provide a group of related standards for defining test procedurespecifications for chemical resistance studies covering various kinds of geosynthetics. The purpose of such testing is to assess theeffects of immersion in liquid waste, leachate, or chemical on geosynthetic materials and products, which will contact the fluidsin a waste containment facility. Such
