1、Designation:D640004 Designation: D6400 12Standard Specification forCompostable PlasticsLabeling of Plastics Designed to beAerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6400; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1This specification covers plastics and products
3、made from plastics that are designed to be composted in municipal andindustrial aerobic composting facilities.1.2This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of materials and products, including packaging madefrom plastics, as “compostable in municipal and industrial com
4、posting facilities.”1.3The properties in this specification are those required to determine if plastics and products made from plastics will compostsatisfactorily, including biodegrading at a rate comparable to known compostable materials. Further, the properties in thespecification are required to
5、assure that the degradation of these materials will not diminish the value or utility of the compostresulting from the composting process.1.1 This specification covers plastics and products made from plastics that are designed to be composted under aerobicconditions in municipal and industrial aerob
6、ic composting facilities, where thermophilic conditions are achieved.1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of materials and products, including packaging madefrom plastics, as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities.”1.3 The prop
7、erties in this specification are those required to determine if end items (including packaging), which use plasticsand polymers as coatings or binders will compost satisfactorily, in large scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting facilities.Maximum throughput is a high priority to composters
8、 and the intermediate stages of plastic disintegration and biodegradation notbe visible to the end user for aesthetic reasons.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, as
9、sociated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1No equivalent ISO specifications exist for this standard. 1This test method is equivalent to
10、 ISO 17088.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD5338 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting Conditions,Incorporating Thermophilic TemperaturesD6002Guide for Assessing the Compostability of Enviro
11、nmentally Degradable Plastics Test Method for Determining AerobicBiodegradation of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting Conditions, Incorporating Thermophilic Temperatures2.2 Organization for Economic Development (OECD) Standard:3OECD Guideline 208Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test Terrestrial
12、 Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test2.3 Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN):4EN 13432: 2000, 2000CEN/TC 261/SC4N99PackagingRequirements forPackaging Recoverable through Composting and BiodegradationTest Scheme and Evaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptanceof Packaging (EN 13
13、432)EN 13432Requirements for Packaging Recoverable through Composting and BiodegradationTest Scheme and Evaluation1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally DegradablePlastics and Biobased
14、 Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6400-99. DOI:10.1520/D6400-04.Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in
15、2004 as D6400 - 04. DOI:10.1520/D6400-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Or
16、ganization for Economic Development, Director of Information, 2 rue Andre8 Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only
17、to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
18、of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Criteria for the Final Acceptance of Pack
19、agingEN 13432: 2000, 2000 CEN/TC 261/SC4N99 PackagingRequirements for Packaging Recoverable through Composting andBiodegradationTest Scheme and Evaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptance of Packaging (EN 13432)2.4 ISO Standard:4ISO 14855Evaluation of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability and Disin
20、tegration of Plastics under Controlled CompostingConditionsMethod by Analysis of Evolved Carbon Dioxide ISO Standard:4ISO 148551 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled compostingconditionsMethod by analysis of evolved carbon dioxidePart 1: Genera
21、l methodISO 148552 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled compostingconditionsMethod by analysis of evolved carbon dioxidePart 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved ina laboratory-scale testISO 16929PlasticsDetermination of the Deg
22、ree of Disintegration of Plastic Materials under Defined Composting Conditionsin a Pilot-Scale Test ISO 16929 PlasticsDetermination of the Degree of Disintegration of Plastic Materials under DefinedComposting Conditions in a Pilot-Scale TestISO 17088 Specifications for Compostable PlasticsISO 20200
23、Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in alaboratory-scale test2.5 U.S. Government Standard:540 CFR Part 503.13 Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge2.6 Canadian Government Standard:6Trade Memorandum T-4-93 Standards for
24、 Metals in Fertilizers and Supplements3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1Definitions Definitions appearing in this specification are found in Terminology D883, unless otherwise noted.3.1.23.1.1 biodegradable plastica degradable plastic in which the degradation results from the action of naturally oc
25、curringmicroorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae.3.1.33.1.2 compostable plastica plastic that undergoes degradation by biological processes during composting to yield CO2, water,inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and leave no visible,
26、distinguishable or toxic residue.3.1.43.1.3 composting7a managed process that controls the biological decomposition and transformation of biodegradablematerials into a humus-like substance called compost: the aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic degradation of organic matter tomake compost; the trans
27、formation of biologically decomposable material through a controlled process of biooxidation that proceedthrough mesophilic and thermophilic phases and results in the production of carbon dioxide, water, minerals, and stabilized organicmatter (compost or humus).3.1.4.1DiscussionComposting uses a nat
28、ural process to stabilize mixed decomposable organic material recovered frommunicipal solid waste, yard trimmings, biosolids (digested sewage sludge), certain industrial residues and commercial residues.3.1.53.1.4 degradable plastica plastic designed to undergo a significant change in its chemical s
29、tructure under specificenvironmental conditions, resulting in a loss of some properties that may be measured by standard test methods appropriate to theplastic and the application in a period of time that determines its classification.3.1.63.1.5 plastica material that contains as an essential ingred
30、ient one or more organic polymeric substances of large molecularweight, is solid in its finished state, and, at some stage in its manufacture or processing into finished articles, can be shaped byflow.3.1.73.1.6 polymera substance consisting of molecules characterized by the repetition (neglecting e
31、nds, branch junctions, otherminor irregularities) of one or more types of monomeric units.4. Classification4.1The purpose of this specification is to establish standards for identifying products and materials that will compostsatisfactorily in commercial and municipal composting facilities. Products
32、 meeting the requirements outlined below are appropriatefor labeling as “compostable” in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Federal Trade Commission.5Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from the Canadian Food Inspecti
33、ons Agency, Fertilizer Section, Ottawa, Canada7Compost Facility Operating Guide, Composting Council, Alexandria, VA, 1995.D6400 1224.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish requirements for identifying items made from plastics or polymers so thatthey do not interfere with their satisfact
34、orily composting in commercial and municipal aerobic composting facilities. Productsmeeting the requirements outlined below be labeled as “compostable in municipal or industrial aerobic facilities” in accordancewith the guidelines issued by the Federal Trade Commission8as long as proper qualificatio
35、ns as to the availability of such facilitiesare included on the label.5. Basic Requirements5.1 In order to compost satisfactorily, a product or material must demonstrate each of the characteristics found in 5.1.1-5.1.3,and which are quantified in Section 6.5.1.1 Disintegration During CompostingA pla
36、stic product or material will disintegrate during composting such that anyremaining plastic residuals are not readily distinguishable from the other organic materials in the finished product. Additionally,the material or product must not be found in significant quantities during screening prior to f
37、inal distribution of the compost.5.1.2 Inherent BiodegradationAlevel of inherent biodegradation shall be established by tests under controlled conditions, thatare comparable to known compostable materials. BiodegradationA level of biodegradation for the plastic products shall beestablished by tests
38、under controlled conditions.5.1.3 No Adverse Impacts on Ability of Compost to Support Plant GrowthThe tested materials shall not adversely impact onthe ability of composts to support plant growth, when compared to composts using cellulose as a control, once the finished compostis placed in soil. der
39、ived from biowaste without any addition of tested products or reference materials. Additionally, the polymericproducts or materials must not introduce unacceptable levels of heavyregulated metals or other toxichazardous substances into theenvironment, upon sample decomposition.NOTE 2For a better und
40、erstanding of why these criteria are important, consult Guide D6002 andthe Compost Facility Operating Guide,7and CEN/TC261/SC4N99.6. Detailed Requirements6.1In order to be identified as compostable, products must pass the requirements of6.1 In order to be identified as compostable in municipal or in
41、dustrial aerobic facilities, products must pass the requirementsof 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 using the appropriate laboratory tests, representative of the conditions found in aerobic composting facilities.Test finished facilities, which reach thermophilic temperatures. Finished articles and products shall b
42、e tested in the same form asthey are intended to be used. For products that are made in multiple thicknesses or densities, such as films, containers and foams,only the thickest or most dense products need to be tested as long as the chemical composition and structure remains otherwisethe same. It is
43、 assumed that thinner gages and lower densities will also compost satisfactorily. Similarly, if additives are presentin test samples that pass testing, lower levels of the same additives are similarly passed.6.2 Disintegration During Composting:A plastic product is considered to have demonstrated sa
44、tisfactory disintegration if after twelve weeks in a controlled compostingtest, no more than 10% of its original dry weight remains after sieving on a 2.0-mm sieve. Generate laboratory thermophiliccomposting conditions by performing Test Method D5338 without CO2trapping component, or ISO16929. A pla
45、stic product isconsidered to have demonstrated satisfactory disintegration if after twelve weeks (84 days) in a controlled composting test, no morethan 10 % of its original dry weight remains after sieving on a 2.0-mm sieve. The test shall be carried out in accordance withISO 16929 with a minimum ve
46、ssel volume of 35 L, or ISO 20200 under thermophilic aerobic composting conditions.6.3 Inherent Biodegradation:A A plastic product must demonstrate a satisfactory rate of biodegradation by achieving one of the following ratiosratio ofconversion to carbon dioxide found in 6.3.1 or 6.3.2 within the ti
47、me periods specified in 6.3.3 or 6.3.4, using Test Method D5338as outlined in 7.3.1 and 7.3.3 of Guide D6002: and 6.3.1.1 within 180 days using Test Method D5338, ISO 148551, orISO 148552.6.3.1 For products consisting of a single polymer (homopolymers or random copolymers), 60% of the organic carbon
48、 must beconverted to carbon dioxide by the end of the test period when compared to the positive control.6.3.1.1For products consisting of more than one polymer, each individual polymer component, present at more than 1%concentration, must achieve the 60% specification for homopolymers, as described
49、in Ninety percent (90 %) of the organic carbonin the whole item or for each organic constituent, which is present in the material at a concentration of more than 1 % (by drymass), shall be converted to carbon dioxide by the end of the test period when compared to the positive control or in the absolute.6.3.1.1 Organic constituents present at levels between 1 to 10 % shall be tested individually for compliance to 6.3.1.6.3.2For products consisting of more than one polymer (block copolymers, segmented copolymers, blends, or addition of lowmolecular wei
