1、Designation: D6425 05 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Test Method forMeasuring Friction and Wear Properties of ExtremePressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated Note 11 editorially in May 2010.INTRODUCTIONThis test method r
3、epresents the transformation of DIN 51834-2:1997. The DIN working groupimplemented changes at its annual meeting in Munich in September 2000. ASTM Committee D02adopted these modifications as closely as possible. The DIN working group widens the scope of thestandard to accommodate different test cond
4、itions and refines repeatability and reproducibility on thebase of four international RR tests. It also introduces the wear volume as a tribological quantity.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an extreme pressure (EP)lubricating oils coefficient of friction and its ability to protectagainst wear wh
5、en subjected to high-frequency, linear oscilla-tion motion. The procedure is identical to that described inDIN 51834.1.2 This test method can also be used to determine theability of a non-EP lubricating oil to protect against wear andits coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.1.3 The
6、values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
7、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295 Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction BearingSteelD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsE45 Test Methods for
8、Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 DIN Standards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels andfree-cutting steels Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN 51631:1999 Mineral spirits; special boiling point spir-its; requirementsDIN 5
9、1834 Tribological Test in the Translatory OscillationApparatus (Part 2: Determination of Friction and WearData for Lubricating Oils)DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-tions (GPS)Surface Texture: Profile Method; Surfaceshaving Stratified Functional PropertiesPart 2: HeightCharacter
10、ization using Linear Material Ratio Curve (re-placement of DIN 4776:1990)2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 1250:1972 Mineral Solvents for Paints, White Spiritsand Related Hydrocarbon Solvents3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition processoccurring in newly established
11、 wearing contacts, often accom-panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Flu
12、ids and Lubricates.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6425 05. DOI:10.1520/D6425-05R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
13、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burg-grafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin, Germany.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (I
14、SO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.both, that are uncharacteristic of the given tribological sys-tems long term behavior. (
15、Synonym: run-in, wear-in) G403.1.2 C.L.A., nin measuring surface finish, the arithmeticaverage of the absolute distances of all profile points from themean line for a given distance.53.1.3 coeffcient of friction or f, nin tribology, thedimensionless ratio of the friction force (Ff) between twobodies
16、 to the normal force (Fn) pressing these bodies together.G40 5 Ff/ Fn! (1)3.1.4 EP lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant containing anextreme pressure (EP) additive3.1.5 extreme pressure (EP) additive, nin a lubricant,asubstance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contactunder high stress rubb
17、ing conditions. D41753.1.6 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contactbetween two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertz equations of elastic deforma-tion. G403.1.7 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of thepressure at any specified location in
18、a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertz equations of elastic deformation. G403.1.8 lubricant, nany substance interposed between twosurfaces for the purpose of reducing the friction or wearbetween them. G403.1.9 Pgeom., ngeometric contact pressure describes theload carrying capacity at test
19、end.3.1.10 RpK, nReduced peak height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. RpK is the mean height of the peaksticking out above the core profile section.3.1.11 RvK, nReduced valley height occording to DINEN ISO 13565-2:1998. RvK is the mean depth of the valleyreaching into the material below the core
20、 profile section.3.1.12 Ry, nin measuring surface finish, the verticaldistance between the top of the highest peak and the bottom ofthe deepest valley in one sampling length of the roughnessprofile.53.1.13 Rz, nin measuring surface finish, the average of allRy values (peak to valley heights) in the
21、assessment length.53.1.14 wear, ndamage to a solid surface, generally in-volving progressive loss of material, due to relative motionbetween that surface and a contacting substance or substances.G403.1.15 Wv, nWear volume is the loss of volume to the ballafter a test.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specifi
22、c to This Standard:3.2.1 seizure, nstopping of the relative motion as theresult of interfacial friction. Discussion: the seizure criteria arethe stoppage of the machine, a sharp increase of the coefficientof friction of +0.2 for over 20 seconds or a coefficient offriction 0.35. If any of these condi
23、tions occur the test is notvalid. (These criteria were believed to be right, because thisstandard is related to liquid lubricants).64. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machineusing a test ball oscillated at constant frequency and strokeamplitude and under consta
24、nt load (Fn), against a test disk thathas been moistened with the lubricant specimen. The platformto which the test disk is attached is held at a constanttemperature.NOTE 1The frequency of oscillation, stroke length, test temperature,test load, test duration, and test ball and disk material can be v
25、aried fromthose specified in this test method. The test ball yields Hertzian pointcontact geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differingconfigurations can be substituted for the test ball.4.2 The friction force, Ff, is measured by a piezo-electricdevice in the test disk assembly.
26、 Peak values of coefficient offriction, f, are determined and recorded as a function of time.4.3 After a preset test period, the test machine and chartrecorder are stopped and the wear scar on the ball is measured.If a profilometer is available, a trace of the wear scar on the testdisk can also be u
27、sed to obtain additional wear information.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine anti-wearproperties and coefficient of friction of EP lubricating oils atselected temperatures and loads specified for use in applica-tions in which high-speed vibrational or start-stop mot
28、ions arepresent for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzianpoint contact pressures. It has found application as a screeningtest for lubricants used in gear or cam/follower systems. Usersof this test method should determine whether results correlatewith field performance or other applica
29、tions.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine7(see Fig. 1), consists of an oscilla-tion drive, a test chamber (see Fig. 2), and a loading device8with a servomotor and a load cell. The machine is operated by5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,”Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Divisio
30、n, Warner and Swazey, 1985, p. 21.6ASM Handbook, “Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology,” Vol 18,October 1992.7The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is OptimolInstruments Prftechnik GmbH, Friedenstrasse 10, D81671 Munich, Germany. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers
31、, please provide this information to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.8Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow older machines to operatewith 1600 N, if needed.FIG. 1 SRV Test Machi
32、neD6425 05 (2010)12a control device for the oscillating drive, a timer, a load control,a frequency control, a stroke control, a data amplifier todetermine the friction coefficient, and a switch and a controllerfor the heating. An oscilloscope may be used for monitoring.Friction coefficients are reco
33、rded in relation to time by a chartrecorder, or by data acquisition in a computer.6.1.1 On the firmly mounted receiving block (1) in the testchamber (see Fig. 3), there is a piezoelectric device (2) tomeasure the friction force, Ff, and the friction coefficient, f; theholder for the test disk (3) wi
34、th a thermostat-controlledelectrical resistance heating element (4); a resistance thermom-eter (5); the oscillation drive rods (6); an exchangeable holderfor the test ball (7); and the load rods of the loading device (8).6.1.2 The design of the receiving block for the test diskshould be such that it
35、 has integrated cooling coils, or thatcooling coils are wound round it, so that the receiving blockmust be capable to maintaining test temperatures down to+233K. The test disk (9) and the test ball (10) are inserted intotheir respective holders (3, 4) (see Fig. 3).6.1.3 Disks are generally used as t
36、he lower test piece. Balls,cylinders, rings, or specialized shapes may be used, withappropriate holders, as the upper test piece (see Fig. 4).6.2 Microscope, equipped with a filar eyepiece graduated in0.005-mm divisions or equipped with a micrometre stagereadable to 0.005 mm. Magnification should be
37、 sufficient toallow for ease of measurement.6.3 Syringe, suitable for applying 0.3 mL of the lubricatingoil under test.6.4 Tweezers, straight, round, about 200-mm long, withnon-marring tips.6.5 Torque Wrench, initial torque 0.5 to 5 Nm.6.6 Ultrasonic Cleaner.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls,6
38、AISI 52100 Steel, 60 6 2 HRC hardness,0.025 6 0.005-m C.L.A. surface finish, 10-mm diameter.7.2 Test Disk,6vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI 52100steel with an inclusion rating using method D, Type A, asseverity level number of 0,5 according to Test Methods E45and Specification A295 or a inclusion sum
39、value K1 # 10according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed toobtain globular carbide, 62 6 1 HRC hardness, the surfaces ofthe disk being lapped and free of lapping raw materials. Thetopography of the disk will be determined by four values: 0.5m 55 single results per test oil. (Test conditi
40、ons: FN= 300 N; T = 50C; t = 120 min; Dx = 1 mm; nn = 50 Hz; lappedAISI52100-disks; polished AISI52100-balls, = 10 mm)TABLE X1.2 7th International Round Robin Test2003AYear RR2003 RR2003 RR2000Test Oils Industrial Oil B VG 220 Industrial Oil B VG 220 Industrial Oil B VG 220Temperature 120C 80C 50CSt
41、atistical Quantities(D2PP)Coefficient of frictionfENDWear scar diameterof the ballWK-averagemmCoefficient of frictionfENDWear scar diameterof the ballWK-averagemmCoefficient of frictionfENDWear scar diameterof the ballWK-averagemmDegree of Freedom 23 27 24 27 39 45Mean 0.0986 0.4835 0.1038 0.403 0.1
42、105 0.47397Standard Deviation 60.00839 60.0189 60.00699 60.0257 60.00891 60.0403Reproducibility (R) 0.0246(set point: #0.03)0.0548(set point: #0.2)0.0195(set point: #0.03)0.0747(set point: #0.2)0.02540(set point: #0.03)0.1146(set point: #0.2)Repeatability (r) 0.00439(set point: #0.01)0.0277(set poin
43、t: #0.07)0.00491(set point: #0.01)0.0326(set point: #0.07)0.00772(set point: #0.01)0.6680(set point: #0.07)AStatistical analysis using ASTM D2PP software 43 single results per test oil. (Test conditions: FN= 300 N; T = 50C; t = 120 min; Dx = 1 mm; nn = 50 Hz; lappedAISI52100-disks; polished AISI52100-balls, = 10 mm)D6425 05 (2010)17
