1、Designation:D643404D643412 Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Geomembranes 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D6434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for exible polypropylene sh
3、eet used in geomembrane applications to provide consistency in data reporting. 1.2 This guide includes test methods for three types of exible polypropylene geomembranes including smooth nonreinforced sheet, textured nonreinforced sheet, and scrim-reinforced sheet. 1.3 This guide is intended to aid a
4、ll personnel involved in the selection, manufacture, installation, or evaluation of exible polypropylene geomembrane sheet. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
5、propriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D412Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension D413Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion to Flexible Substrate D4
6、71Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquids D573Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air Oven D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D696Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between 30C and 30C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer D746Test Method
7、for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact D751Test Methods for Coated Fabrics D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials D792Test Methods for Density and Specic Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by
8、Displacement D882Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting D1004Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting D1149Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrig
9、id Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer D1505Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique D1603Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olen Plastics D2136Test Method for Coated
10、FabricsLow-Temperature Bend Test D2137Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics D3389Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader) D3417D3418TestMethodforTransitionTemperaturesandEnthalpiesofFusionandCrystallizationofPoly
11、mersbyDifferential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) (Withdrawn 2004) D4218Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-FurnaceTechnique 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
12、ittee D35.10 on Geomembranes. Current edition approved June 1, 2004July 1, 2012. Published July 2004August 2012. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as D643499.04. DOI: 10.1520/D6434-04.10.1520/D6434-12. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.or
13、g,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
14、made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
15、 Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States 1D4364Practice for Performing Outdoor Accelerated Weathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated Sunlight D4437Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity o
16、f Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics D4545Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory Seams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible Sheet Geomembranes (Withdrawn 2008) 3 D4833Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and
17、 Related Products D5199Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics D5321Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear D5323Practice for Determination of 2 % Secant Modulus for Polyethylene Geomembrane
18、s D5397Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolen Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test D5514Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics D5617Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics D5721Practice for Air-Oven Agi
19、ng of Polyolen Geomembranes D5747Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids D5884Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes D5994Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured Geomembranes D6636Test Method for Deter
20、mination of Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced Geomembranes D6693Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypro- pylene Geomembranes D7003Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes D7004Test Method for Grab Te
21、nsile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes D7613Specication for Flexible Polypropylene Reinforced (fPP-R) and Nonreinforced (fPP) Geomembranes E96/E96MTest Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials F1249Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a
22、Modulated Infrared Sensor G26Practice for Operating Light-ExposureApparatus (Xenon-ArcType)With andWithoutWater for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2000) 3 G151Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources G
23、154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials G155Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials 2.2 Federal Test Method Standards: 4 FTMS 101C2031Puncture Resistance 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsFo
24、r denitions of geosynthetics terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D4439. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 exible polypropylene, na material having a 2% secant modulus of less than 300 MPa (42850 psi) as determined by Practice D5323 produced by polymerization of propyle
25、ne with or without other alpha olen monomers. 4. Signicance and Use 4.1 To evaluate exible polypropylene properly, tests must be performed according to specic test methods and procedures. Failure to follow this guide can result in data not representative of the materials characteristics and performa
26、nce. 5. Test Methods 5.1 Recommended test methods for exible polypropylene sheet are listed in tables as follows: 5.1.1 Table 1Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet Manufacturing Quality Control Tests; 5.1.2 Table 2Optional Performance Tests for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet; and, 5.1.3 Table 3Tes
27、ts for Field and Factory Prepared Seams of Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet. 6. Keywords 6.1 exible polypropylene; geomembrane D643412 2TABLE 1 Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet Manufacturing Quality Control Tests colwidth=“1.06in“/COLSPEC Sheet Type Smooth Reinforced Sheet Smooth Nonreinforced S
28、heet Textured Nonreinforced Sheet Textured Reinforced Sheet Conditions General: Terminology D4439 D4439 D4439 Terminology D4439 D4439 D4439 D4439 Conditioning D618 D618 D618 Conditioning D618 D618 D618 D618 Physical Properties: Thickness D5199 D5199 D5994 Thickness D5199 D5199 D5994 D5994 Ultimate t
29、ensile strength and elongation D7003 D6693 D6693 Type IV, no extensometer grip separation = 63.5 mm (2.50 in.), strain rate = 509 mm/min (20 in./min) Ultimate tensile strength and elongation D7004 D6693 D6693 D7004 D412, Die C D412, Die C D412, Die C Type IV, no extensometer grip separation strain r
30、ate = 509 D882 D882 D882 D882 for thickness 1 mm (0.040 in.) Tear resistance D7003 D5884 D1004 D1004 Tear resistance D5884 D1004 D1004 D5884 Puncture resistance D7003 Puncture resistance D4833 D4833 D4833 D4833 FTMS Ply adhesion D413 Ply adhesion D6636 D6636 D643412 3ASTM International takes no posi
31、tion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibi
32、lity. Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryveyearsand ifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.Yourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandards and should be addressed toASTM International Headquarters.Your comme
33、nts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrigh
34、ted byASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e
35、-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/ COPYRIGHT/). 3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. 4 Available from Standardization Documents Orde
36、r Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098. TABLE 2 Optional Performance Tests for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet Sheet Type Reinforced Sheet Smooth Nonreinforced Sheet Textured Sheet Conditions General: Terminology D4439 D4439 D4439 Conditioning D618 D618
37、D618 Physical Properties: Flow rates of thermoplastics D1238 D1238 230C, 2.16 kg Carbon black content D1603 D4218 D1603 D4218 D1603 D4218 Low temperature bend D2136 D2136 D2136 Thermal expansion D696 D696 D696 Density D1505 D792 D1505 D792 D1505 D792 Water vapor transmission E96/E96M F1249 E96/E96M
38、F1249 E96/E96M F1249 Water absorption D471 D471 D471 Mechanical Properties: 2% Secant modulus D5323 D5323 D5323 Flexural modulus D790 D790 D790 Hydrostatic resistance D5514 D751A, Procedure 1 D5514 D5514 Multi-axial tensile D5617 D5617 D5617 Geosynthetic friction by direct shear D5321 D5321 D5321 Th
39、ermal Properties: Dimensional stability D1204 D1204 D1204 100C, 1 h Melting temperature D3417 D3417 D3417 Melting temperature D3418 D3418 D3418 Brittleness point D2137 D746 D2137 D746 D2137 D746 Endurance Properties: Weathering Resistance G26 G151 G154 G155 D4364 G26 G151 G154 G155 D4364 G26 G151 G1
40、54 G155 D4364 80C, 0.35 W/m 2 Weathering Resistance D7613 G151 G154 G155 D4364 D7613 G151 G154 G155 D4364 D7613 G151 G154 G155 D4364 Cycle 1 Ozone resistance D1149 D1149 D1149 Stress crack resistance D5397 D5397 D5397 Oven aging D573 D5721 D573 D5721 D573 D5721 85C Abrasion resistance D3389 D3389 D3
41、389 Chemical resistance D471 D5747 D471 D5747 D471 D5747 D643412 4TABLE 3 Tests for Field and Factory Prepared Seams of Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet Seam Properties Test Method Comments Peel strength (hot air, hot wedge, and extrusion welds) D4437 strip width = 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) grip separati
42、on = 50.8 mm (2.00 in.) + seam strain rate = 508 mm/min (20 in./min) maximum test strain = 200% Shear strength (hot air, hot wedge, and extrusion welds) D4437 strip width = 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) grip separation = 50.8 mm (2.00 in.) + seam strain rate = 508 mm/min (20 in./min) maximum test strain = 200% for shear tests on reinforced sheet welds, use strip width = 101.6 mm (4.00 in.) Factory seam integrity D4545 D643412 5
