1、Designation: D 6462 03Standard Practice forSilt Fence Installation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6462; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers common installation requirementsfor temporary silt fence applications. This practice is based onAASHTO M288.1.2 This practice is applicable
3、 to the use of silt fence as avertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspendedsoil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The functionof a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow settlement of soilparticles from sediment laden water. The purpose is to greatlylimit the transport of e
4、roded soil from the construction site bywater runoff.1.3 The practices presented herein are intended to ensuregood workmanship and quality and are not necessarily ad-equate for all purposes in view of the wide variety of possiblesediments and performance objectives.1.4 The values stated in SI units
5、are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in inch-pound units are provided forinformation only.1.5 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should
6、 be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be app
7、lied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
8、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids2D 3740 Practice for
9、Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and Construction2D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of Geotextiles3D 6461 Specification For Silt Fence Materials42.2 AASHTO Standard:M288-96 Standard Specifi
10、cation for Geotextile Specifica-tion for Highway Applications53. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, seeTerminology D 653.4. Significance and Use4.1 Proper installation is critical to effective performance ofsilt fence. This practice presents procedures for installing silt
11、fence that have been shown to result in silt fence installationsthat effectively redirect and impound surface runoff and,thereby, provide effective sediment control.5. Controlling Material Specifications5.1 All materials used for temporary silt fence shall conformwith the specification requirements
12、of ASTM SpecificationD 6461 unless otherwise specified in the controlling projectspecifications.6. Certification6.1 The contractor shall provide to the engineer all certifi-cations required by the controlling material specification.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on So
13、il andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 646299.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.3Ann
14、ual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.5Available from AASHTO.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Sampling, Tes
15、ting, and Acceptance7.1 Silt fence materials shall be subject to sampling andtesting in accordance with and to verify conformance with thecontrolling material specification.8. Silt Fence Installation8.1 MaterialsSilt fence materials shall conform to therequirements of Section 5. Unless otherwise spe
16、cified, the siltfence installation shall conform to the following:8.1.1 The geotextile used for temporary silt fence may ormay not be supported between posts with wire or polymericmesh.8.1.2 The minimum height above ground for the silt fenceshall be 600 mm (2.0 ft). Minimum embedment depth shall be1
17、50 mm (0.5 ft).8.1.3 Maximum post spacing shall be based on the fabricsupport or, if unsupported, on elongation as measured inaccordance with Test Method D 4632. Supported silt fenceshall have a maximum post spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft). Unsup-ported silt fence with elongation $ 50 % shall also have amax
18、imum post spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft). Unsupported silt fencewith elongation 50 % shall have a maximum post spacing of2 m (6.5 ft).8.1.4 Wood, steel, or synthetic support posts having aminimum length of 1 m (3.3 ft) plus the burial depth may beused. They shall be of sufficient strength to resist damaged
19、uring installation and to support the applied loads due tomaterial build up behind the silt fence.NOTE 1It has been found that hardwood posts having dimensions ofat least 30 3 30 mm (1.2 3 1.2 in.), No. 2 Southern Pine at least 65 3 65mm (2.5 3 2.5 in.) or steel posts of UTL or C shape, weighing 600
20、 g per300 mm (1.3 lb/ft) have performed satisfactorily.8.1.5 Wire or polymer support fence shall be at least 750mm (2.5 ft) high and strong enough to support applied loads.Polymer support fences shall meet the same ultraviolet degra-dation requirements as the geotextile.NOTE 2Wire support fence havi
21、ng at least 6 horizontal wires, andbeing at least 14 gage wire have performed satisfactorily. Vertical wiresshould be a maximum of 150 mm (0.5 ft) apart.8.2 Construction:8.2.1 Trench ConstructionThe bottom of the silt fencegeotextile shall be buried in a “J” configuration to a minimumdepth of 150 mm
22、 (6 in.) in a trench so that no flow can passunder the silt fence. Backfill the trench and compact the soilover the geotextile so that the compacted soil completely fillsthe trench. (See Fig. 1.)8.2.2 Soil Slicing ConstructionInsert the geotextile in aslit in the soil 0.2 to 0.3 m (8 to 12 in.) deep
23、 so that no flow canpass under the silt fence. Create the slit such that a horizontalchisel point (approx. 76 mm/3 in. wide) at the base of a soilslicing blade (approx. 18 mm/0.75 in. wide) slightly disruptssoil upward as the blade slices through the soil. This upwarddisruption minimizes horizontal
24、compaction and creates anoptimal soil condition for mechanical compaction against thegeotextile. Mechanically insert the geotextile directly behindthe soil slicing blade in a simultaneous operation, achievingconsistent placement and depth. (See Fig. 2.)8.2.3 Splice the geotextile together only at su
25、pport posts.Two sections of fence may be overlapped or alternativelyspliced as long as there are no gaps, voids, or other loss ofintegrity of the barrier.8.2.4 Place the posts at spacing as shown on the projectplans. Drive posts or place a minimum of 500 mm (1.65 ft) intothe ground. Increase depth t
26、o 600 mm (2 ft) if fence is placedon a slope of 3H:1V or greater.NOTE 3Where 500 mm (1.65 ft) depth is impossible to attain, theposts should be adequately secured to prevent overturning of the fence dueto sediment loading.8.2.5 Fasten the support fence securely to the upslope sideof the fence post.
27、The support fence shall extend from theground surface to the top of the geotextile.8.2.6 When self-supported fence is used, securely fasten thegeotextile to fence posts.8.2.7 Silt fences should be continuous and transverse to theflow. The silt fence should follow the contours of the site asclosely a
28、s possible. Place the fence such that the water cannotrunoff around the end of the fence.NOTE 4Commonly, silt fence is limited to handle an area equivalentto 90 m2/3 m (100 ft2/10 ft) of fence. Caution is used where the site slopeFIG. 1 Typical Silt Fence Installation DetailD6462032is greater than 1
29、H: 1V, and water flow rates exceed 3 L/s/3 m (50gal/min/10 ft) of fence.8.2.8 CompactionWhen assembling silt fence on-site,compaction prior to installing posts is recommended. Compactthe backfill soil immediately next to the silt fence geotextile.Compact the upstream side first, and then the downstr
30、eam side.When installing pre-assembled silt fence, care shall be taken tosufficiently compact soil adjacent to the installed geotextile andposts. The soil adjacent to the buried silt fence geotextile shallbe compacted to achieve no less than 50% of its original insitustrength when measured using a s
31、uitably calibrated hand-heldpenetrometer or shear vane, unless a more appropriate com-paction measurement technique and associated compactioncriteria is directed by the engineer.NOTE 5Installed posts may interfere with compaction by largeequipment adjacent to the silt fence. Compaction is commonly a
32、ccom-plished with the front wheel of a tractor, skid steer, roller or other device,as well as with manual tamping or other manual means.8.3 Maintenance:8.3.1 The contractor shall inspect all temporary silt fencesimmediately after each rainfall, and at least daily duringprolonged rainfall. Any defici
33、encies shall be immediatelycorrected by the contractor.8.3.1.1 The contractor shall also make a daily review of thelocation of silt fences in areas where construction activitieshave altered the natural contour and drainage runoff to ensurethat the silt fences are properly located for effectiveness.
34、Wheredeficiencies exist as determined by the engineer, additional siltfence shall be installed as directed by the engineer.8.3.1.2 Repair damaged or otherwise ineffective silt fencesor replace promptly.8.3.2 Either remove sediment deposits when the depositreaches half the height of the fence, or ins
35、tall a second siltfence as directed by the engineer.8.3.3 The silt fence shall remain in place until the engineerdirects it be removed. Upon removal the contractor shallremove and dispose of any excess sediment accumulations,dress the area to give it a pleasing appearance, and vegetate allbare areas
36、 in accordance with contract requirements.8.3.3.1 Removed silt fence may be used at other locationsprovided the geotextile and other material requirements con-tinue to be met to the satisfaction of the engineer.9. Keywords9.1 geotextile; silt fence; sediment controlSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance wi
37、th Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes tot his standard sincethe last edition (99) that may impact the sue of this standard.(1) Added the professional judgement caveat to Scope Section.(2) Added Terminology D 653 and Practice D 3740 to Refer-enced Documents Section.
38、(3) Added Terminology Section and included TerminologyD 653.(4) Added Significance and Use Section.(5) Renumbered subsequent sections.(6) Corrected Specification reference to D 6461 in 5.1.(7) Changed heights in 8.1.2.(8) Clarified trench construction in 8.2.3.(9) Added spicing details to 8.2.3.(10)
39、 Expanded compaction requirements in 8.2.8.(11) Added to Note 5.(12) Added Keyword Section.(13) Added Summary of Changes Section.FIG. 2 Typical Silt Fence Installation Using Soil SlicingD6462033ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection w
40、ith any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tec
41、hnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considera
42、tion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr H
43、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6462034
