1、Designation: D6465 99 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Guide forSelecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives andSealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managersin
3、 selecting the best-fit adhesive/sealant or bonding/sealingprocess. The guide takes into account environmental pollutionprevention and occupational health and safety factors in aselection process.1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database ofacceptable materials. It will guide the engineers
4、 and managersthrough the adhesive/sealant material selection process, callingfor engineers to customize their selection based on the bondingor sealing performance requirements for the specified applica-tion. A comprehensive selection process will allow for theestablishment of a more efficient produc
5、tion process, and mayeliminate unnecessary process steps. A total life cycle costanalysis or performance/cost of implementation study is rec-ommended to compare the available alternatives.1.3 This guide is for aerospace and general purpose opera-tions. It is not intended to be used for automotive, c
6、arpet,construction, electronics, medical/dental, optical, or structuraland nonstructural wood applications. Note that this guide is notspecifically for these applications, but the general methodologymay be used in the selection process for these applications.1.4 This standard does not purport to add
7、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Meth
8、od for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD896 Practice for Resistance of Adhesive Bonds to Chemi-cal ReagentsD897 Test Method for Tensile Properties ofAdhesive BondsD903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive BondsD905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear
9、by Compression LoadingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive BondsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D1062 Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal A
10、dhesive BondsD1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of AdhesivesD1144 Practice for Determining Strength Development ofAdhesive BondsD1146 Test Method for Blocking Point of Potentially Adhe-sive LayersD1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature onAdhesive BondsD1183 Practices for Resistance of Ad
11、hesives to CyclicLaboratory Aging ConditionsD1184 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdhesiveBonded Laminated AssembliesD1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquidsby Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD1337 Practice for Storage Life of Adhesives by Viscosityand Bond StrengthD1338 Practice for W
12、orking Life of Liquid or Paste Adhe-sives by Consistency and Bond StrengthD1780 Practice for Conducting Creep Tests of Metal-to-Metal AdhesivesD1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for AdhesivesD1828 Practice for Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and StructuresD1875 Test Method for D
13、ensity of Adhesives in Fluid FormD1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)D1879 Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens toIonizing Radiation1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.60 on Adh
14、esive Material Classi-fication System.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6465 99 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/D6465-99R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
15、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1916 Test Method for Penetration o
16、f Adhesives (With-drawn 2005)3D1994 Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers ofHot-Melt AdhesivesD1995 Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing ofAutohesives (Contact Adhesives)D2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Priorto Adhesive BondingD2095 Test Method for Tensile Stre
17、ngth of Adhesives byMeans of Bar and Rod SpecimensD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2293 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives inShear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D2294 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives inShear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
18、D2295 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inShear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures(Metal-to-Metal)D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of AdhesivesHaving Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-tational ViscometryD2557 Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength ofAdhesi
19、vesin the Subzero Temperature Range from 267.8 to 55C(450 to 67F)D2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces forAdhesiveBondingD2674 Methods ofAnalysis of Sulfochromate Etch SolutionUsed in Surface Preparat
20、ion of AluminumD2918 Test Method for Durability Assessment of AdhesiveJoints Stressed in PeelD2919 Test Method for Determining Durability of AdhesiveJoints Stressed in Shear by Tension LoadingD2979 Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhe-sives Using an Inverted Probe MachineD3111 Test Method
21、 for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test MethodD3121 Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhe-sives by Rolling Ball (Withdrawn 2015)3D3163 Test Method for Determining Strength of AdhesivelyBonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Ten-sion LoadingD3164
22、 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesivelyBonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear byTension LoadingD3165 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inShear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint LaminatedAssembliesD3166 Test Method for Fatigue Properties of Adhesives inShear
23、by Tension Loading (Metal/Metal)D3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance ofAdhesivesD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD3310 Test Method for Determining Corrosivity of Adhe-sive MaterialsD3433 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage ofA
24、dhesives in Bonded Metal JointsD3528 Test Method for Strength Properties of Double LapShear Adhesive Joints by Tension LoadingD3632 Test Method for Accelerated Aging of AdhesiveJoints by the Oxygen-Pressure MethodD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)D3807
25、 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inCleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)D3929 Test Method for Evaluating Stress Cracking of Plas-tics by Adhesives Using the Bent-Beam MethodD3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-FillingAdhesive Bo
26、nds in Shear by Compression LoadingD3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces forStructural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-ing)D3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and ShearModulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-AdherendTensile-Lap SpecimenD4027 Test Method for Measuring She
27、ar Properties ofStructural Adhesives by the Modified-Rail TestD4317 Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based EmulsionAdhesivesD4339 Test Method for Determination of the Odor ofAdhesivesD4497 Test Method for Determining the Open Time of HotMelt Adhesives (Manual Method)D4498 Test Method for Heat-Fai
28、l Temperature in Shear ofHot Melt AdhesivesD4499 Test Method for Heat Stability of Hot-Melt Adhe-sivesD4501 Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesive BondsBetween Rigid Substrates by the Block-Shear MethodD4562 Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesives UsingPin-and-Collar SpecimenD4689 Specificat
29、ion for Adhesive, Casein-TypeD4690 Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhe-sivesD4783 Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-tions in Container to Attack by Bacteria, Yeast, and FungiD4800 Guide for Classifying and Specifying AdhesivesD5041 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleava
30、ge ofAdhesives in Bonded JointsD5267 Test Method for Determination of Extrudability ofCartridge AdhesivesD5363 Specification for Anaerobic Single-Component Ad-hesives (AN)D5573 Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) JointsD5648 Test Method for Torque-Tension Relatio
31、nship ofAdhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners (Lubricity)D5649 Test Method for Torque Strength of Adhesives Usedon Threaded Fasteners3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.D6465 99 (2016)2D5656 Test Method for Thick-Adherend Metal Lap-ShearJoints for Deter
32、mination of the Stress-Strain Behavior ofAdhesives in Shear by Tension LoadingD5657 Test Method for Fluid TightnessAbility ofAdhesivesUsed on Threaded FastenersD5868 Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for FiberReinforced Plastic (FRP) BondingD6195 Test Methods for Loop TackD6361 Guide for Selecting
33、Cleaning Agents and ProcessesE229 Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulus ofStructural Adhesives (Withdrawn 2003)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor technical terms pertaining to adhesivesand sealants, see Terminology D907.3.2 ClassificationsFor the identification and classificationsystem of
34、adhesives and sealants, see Guide D4800. (Relateddocuments: Specification D4317; Specification D4689; Speci-fication D4690; Specification D5363; and Test MethodD1994.)4. Summary of Guide4.1 Table 1 is a summary of the five step approach forselecting adhesives/sealants and bonding or sealing processe
35、sfor use in aerospace and general purpose operations. This guideis based on adhesive/sealant performance in accordance withspecific adherends and substrates. The users performancerequirements play a key role in the process, along with theenvironmental, and safety and health parameters. Adherend/subs
36、trate material surface preparation and cleaning also play akey role in the performance of adhesives/sealants, and arefactored-in as part of this selection process. For each step theuser of the guide will provide specific information on aparticular aspect of their process. Then the user should consul
37、tthe guide, which will provide appropriate guidance on evalu-ation criteria that should be followed in order to evaluate thepotential adhesive or sealant. Table 1 provides a summary ofthe user-defined requirements information and the proceduresto be provided by the guide. The order of the steps pres
38、ented inTable 1 is suggested, but not crucial to the successful use of theguide. Section 6 will provide greater details on both the userinput and the guidance provided.5. Significance and Use5.1 The guide is to be used by anyone developing bondingor sealing requirements for specifications for manufa
39、cturing,maintenance or overhaul. This guide has been designed to beapplication specific for each bonding or sealing application,and allows the design engineer to rest assured that theproduct(s) or process(es) selected by the industrial or manu-facturing engineer will be compatible with both the part
40、material and the subsequent processes, such as adherend/substrate cleaning and preparation. It allows the industrial ormanufacturing engineer to customize the selection of theadhesive or sealant product based on the materials of the partsbeing bonded or sealed, the conditions required for the subse-
41、quent process(es), environmental, cost, and health and safetyconcerns.6. Procedure6.1 Step 1Define the Requirements of the ApplicationThe first step taken in selecting an adhesive/sealant is todetermine the requirements of the application. These require-ments include environmental, safety and health
42、, and thephysical and chemical properties of the adhesive/sealant itself,the applications performance levels, and surface preparation/cleaning.6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsTable 2 presents some of the more common concerns regardingadhesive and sealant and their effects on the
43、environment, andworker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer shouldfind their concerns on the left-hand column of the table, andensure that the adhesive/sealant meets the requirements listedin the right-hand column.6.1.2 Physical, Chemical, and Performance PropertiesTable 3 presents some o
44、f the more common concerns regardingadhesives/sealants and their physical, chemical, and perfor-mance properties, and the corresponding tests required toevaluate those properties. To use Table 3, the engineer shouldTABLE 1 Summary of GuideStep Defined User Requirements Procedure1 Define the Environm
45、ental, Safety,providesufficient personal protective equipment to ensurethe health and safety risks of using the adhesive orsealant are minimizedD6465 99 (2016)3find their concern(s) on the left-hand column of the table, andrequire the data from evaluations of the specifications listed inthe remainde
46、r of the row. Please note that the guide does notprovide values for specific performance requirements. Thesevalues are to be determined by the design engineer, based onthe specific requirements of the application.6.2 Step 2Define the Reason for Bonding or Sealing toDetermine Performance Requirements
47、The next step in se-lecting an adhesive/sealant is to define the reason for bondingor sealing. Different bonding or sealing applications requirevarying criteria for bonding or sealing. The reason for bondingor sealing (that is, structural, non-structural, thread-fastening)will direct the user to det
48、ermine and utilize a set of perfor-mance criteria tailored to the requirements of their particularapplication. The individual user must set the performancerequirements for each individual bonding and sealing applica-tion according to the specific usage and materials being utilizedin the application.
49、 Then, use the data obtained in the perfor-mance and material compatibility phase of this guide (see 6.3),to assess the adhesives or sealants performance against therequired performance.6.3 Step 3Determine Materials of the Parts to be Bondedor Sealed to Ascertain Performance and Material Compatibil-ity RequirementsThe third step in using this guide is todetermine the material, or materials of the parts being bondedor sealed. The information will provide the engineer with theperformance and material compatibility test data required toensure that the adhesive or
