1、Designation: D 6534 05Standard Test Method forDetermining the Peak Force-to-Actuate of a MechanicalPump Dispenser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peakforce-to-actuate, sometimes called force-to-actuate (FTA), of
3、 amechanical pump dispenser.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
4、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3890 Test Method for the Number of Strokes to Pr
5、ime aMechanical Pump Dispenser3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method can be used to compare the peakforce-to-actuate performance of different mechanical pumpdispensers.3.2 This test method can be used to determine the perceivedease of use of a mechanical pump dispenser.3.3 This test method can
6、be used to determine the peakforce-to-actuate of a mechanical pump dispenser.4. Apparatus4.1 Motorized Compression Tester, or Custom Force-to-Action Machine, with the capability to actuate the mechanicalpump dispenser at a constant velocity and adjustable strokelengths while accurately measuring the
7、 resulting force (that is,load cell).NOTE 1Since the velocity during actuation will affect the FTA ofcertain mechanical pump dispenser designs, care must be taken inselecting the correct type of equipment with the sufficient actuationvelocity.4.2 A device connected to the compression tester that can
8、display the resulting force in newtons (N) or pounds force (lbf)of 0.1 accuracy.4.3 A means to rigidly hold the mechanical pump dispenserduring testing (that is, glass bottle or a holding fixture; see Fig.1).5. Precautions5.1 Appropriate handling considerations should be given toflammable, toxic, ca
9、ustic, or other potentially hazardous ma-terials used.5.2 Appropriate operating considerations should be takenwith pinch points on the motorized compression tester.5.3 Ensure that the exit orifice of the mechanical pumpdispenser is pointed away from the operator and other people.5.4 Ensure that the
10、motorized compression tester is properlycalibrated.5.5 Actuation Rate for Finger PumpsCare should betaken when selecting the travel speed of the ram. For somemechanical pump dispenser styles, the speed of actuation andlength of stroke can affect the peak force to actuate. As a ruleof thumb, mechanic
11、al pump dispensers with a stroke length of7 mm or greater should use an actuation velocity of 35 to 75mm per second, while mechanical pump dispensers with astroke length of less than 7 mm should use an actuationvelocity of 35 mm per second or less. Especially for fine mistspray pumps, the above ment
12、ioned rates are preferred. Adifferent rate may be used; however, the true force-to-actuateduring use may not be measured. The actuation rate usedshould be recorded in 10.5.6 Actuation Rate for Trigger PumpsActuation rate fortrigger sprayers to be 90 strokes per min.1This test method is under the jur
13、isdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on MechanicalDispensers.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 6534 00.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
15、8-2959, United States.6. Sampling6.1 Select an appropriate number of dry, unused pumpdispensers at random for the precision and accuracy desired. Anumber of ten test specimens are recommended, but a mini-mum of three is acceptable.7. Specimens7.1 Test specimens shall be clean, dry, and previouslyunu
16、sed pump dispensers assembled in the manner as inproduction.8. Conditioning8.1 If possible, condition the test specimens at 23 6 3C (736 5.4F) for not less than 4 h. If the test specimens are notconditioned at the recommended temperature, this should benoted in the test report discussed in 10.1.8.2
17、Test pumps should be t ested no sooner than 24 h afterassembly when possible. If pumps are not conditioned at therecommended time, this should be noted in the test report in10.1.9. ProcedureForce-to-Actuate Test Method Number 1NOTE 2This test method is used with a custom force-to-actuate testmachine
18、 that can be adjusted to variable stroke lengths and rate. This is therecommended method for trigger sprayers.9.1 Fill container with the appropriate liquid for testing.NOTE 3If unprimed pumps are to be tested only, do not fill container.9.2 Place the mechanical pump dispenser on the rigid fixtureus
19、ed for holding the sample during testing.9.3 Define and document the relevant data of:9.3.1 Stroke length, if it pertains,9.3.2 Actuation rate,9.3.3 Number of strokes,9.3.4 Description of pump,9.3.5 Product tested.9.3.6 For trigger pumps, document the average contact pointdistance from the end of th
20、e trigger.9.4 If the test is to be performed on an unprimed mechanicalpump dispenser, place the mechanical pump dispenser onto theholding fixture while directing the exit orifice of the mechani-cal pump dispenser away from the direction of the operator. Ifthe test is to be performed on a primed mech
21、anical pumpdispenser, and the mechanical pump dispenser has not beenprimed, prime the mechanical pump dispenser in accordancewith Test Method D 3890.NOTE 4A product collection device or means of ventilation isrecommended for the safety of the operator.9.5 Activate the force-to-actuate tester.NOTE 5I
22、f the ram is allowed to bottom-out on the package, this willresult in an excessive peak force value, a damaged package, or damagedmachine, or combination thereof. Bottoming-out of the ram is detected bywatching the force gage for a spike at the end of the travel. If the ram onthe tester does bottom-
23、out, the peak force value will be much greater thanthe actual peak force to actuate.9.6 If the force-to-actuate tester does not automaticallycalculate the peak force to actuate, the operator must determinethe peak force to actuate.9.7 Record the peak force in 10.1.Force-to-Actuate Test Method Number
24、 2NOTE 6This test method is used with a compression testing machine.Not recommended for trigger sprayers.9.8 Attach the mechanical pump dispenser securely to thefilled container.NOTE 7The rigidity of the container can affect the results. A less rigidcontainer can produce results lower than the actua
25、l peak force to actuate.9.9 Prime the test specimens in accordance with TestMethod D 3890.9.10 Place the package under the gage fixture of thecompression testing machine.9.11 Set the height of the actuation fixture so that it restsslightly above (less than 1 mm) the actuator of the mechanicalpump di
26、spenser.9.12 Push the actuator of the mechanical pump dispenseragainst the gage fixture so that the actuator is completelydepressed.9.13 While holding the actuator against the gage fixture,lower the ram of the compression tester at a slow and safespeed until the base of the container is just touchin
27、g the lowercompression plate.FIG. 1 Example of a Compression Test MachineD65340529.14 Fix the lower limit travel switch.9.15 Return the ram to the upper limit position.9.16 Set the speed of the ram.NOTE 8If the ram is allowed to bottom-out on the package, this willresult in an excessive peak force v
28、alue, a damaged package, or damagedmachine, or combination thereof. Bottoming-out of the ram is detected bywatching the force gage for a spike at the end of the travel. If thecompression tester does bottom-out, the peak force value will be muchgreater than the actual peak force to actuate.9.17 If th
29、e tester is not properly set up, repeat 9.11-9.16.9.18 Run test with each test specimen.9.19 Record the peak force value for each specimen in 10.1.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Product description, type of pump dispenser beingtested, and for variable dosage pumps, the dosage
30、 selected,10.1.2 Mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviationpeak force values,10.1.3 The actuation rate, and10.1.4 Stroke length.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is highlydependent on the particular pump style and contents tested.One laboratory has investigate
31、d one particular pump style anda lotion product with ten replicate tests, yielding an average of32.1 N with a range of 31.6 to 33.4 N and a standard deviationof 1.66 strokes. The stroke length was 7.6 mm and theactuation velocity was 5 mm per second. Other pumps andcontents will have other averages
32、of force to actuate and willhave more or less variability between replicate tests. Users ofthis test method are suggested to reference historical files ofprevious tests of similar pumps and contents for an estimate ofwithin laboratory repeatability. The Committee believes thatbecause of this strong
33、product and pump style dependency,further investigation of repeatability and reproducibility is notpracticable.11.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because an ac-cepted reference or referee value is not available.12. Keywords12.1 dispensing; mechanical pump dispenser; peakforce-to-actuateASTM Inter
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35、their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shou
36、ld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stan
37、dards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6534053
