1、Designation: D 6545 10Standard Test Method forFlammability of Textiles Used in Childrens Sleepwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluates the relative flammability oftextiles and garments intended for use in childrens sleepwear.The procedure
3、s of this test method follow testing and launder-ing procedures used to evaluate the flammability of childrenssleepwear contained in US Federal Regulations 16 CFR 1615and 1616.21.2 A textile used in childrens sleepwear must be tested inits original state and after 50 laundering and drying cycles toa
4、ssess the flame resistance of the textile relative to its use life.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.1.4 This test method is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat an
5、dflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be e
6、mployed inconducting these tests.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determines the applica-bility of regulatory limita
7、tions prior to use. Specific precau-tionary information is found in 8.5 and 9.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles32.2 AATCC Test MethodGlossary of AATCC Standard Terminology4AATCC Test Method 124 - Appearance of Fabrics AfterRepeated Home Laundering42.3
8、 Federal Standards and Regulations:16 CFR Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability of VinylPlastic Film516 CFR Part 1611 Standard for the Flammability of Cloth-ing Textiles516 CFR Part 1615 Standard for the Flammability of Chil-drens Sleepwear: Sizes 0 through 6X516 CFR Part 1616 Standard for the Fla
9、mmability of Chil-dren Sleepwear: Sizes 7 through 145Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard, pre-viously identified as Commercial Standard, CS 151-50“Body Measurements for the Sizing of Apparel for In-fants, Babies, Toddlers, and Children”63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 char length,
10、nthe distance from the original loweredge of the specimen exposed to the flame to the end of the tearor void in the charred, burned, or damaged area.3.1.2 childrens sleepwear, nany product of wearing ap-parel such as nightgowns, pajamas, or similar or related items,such as robes, intended to be worn
11、 primarily for sleeping oractivities related to sleeping.3.1.2.1 DiscussionWhile childrens sleepwear can in-clude a range of configurations, these do not include diapersand underwear, infant garments, and tight-fitting garments, asdefined by 16 CFR 1615 and 1616. The size range of thesegarments is l
12、imited to those defined in 16 CFR 1615 and 1616and the Department of Commerce/Commercial Standard151-50 reference provides background information on howthese size ranges were selected and how the body measure-ments were conducted.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on T
13、extilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallypublished as D654500. Discontinued January 2009 and reinstated as D654510.DOI:10.1520/D654510.2This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Parts 161
14、5 and 1616 and should notbe used in place of the CPSC standards.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
15、te.4Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Reference from the 1970edition of the manual.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-ments, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328.6Avail
16、able from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port RoyalStreet, Springfield, VA 22151, order CS 15150.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 fabric piece (piece), na continuous, unseamedlength of fabric, o
17、ne or more of which make up a fabricproduction unit.3.1.4 fabric production unit (unit), nany quantity offinished fabric pieces which have a specific identify thatremains unchanged except for color or print pattern.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThis fabric production unit, as speci-fied in 16 CFR 1615, and 1616
18、 can consist of quantities from5 000 linear yards for normal sampling or up to 10 000 linearyards for reduced sampling. Finished fabrics are those fabricpieces which have undergone all processes prior to being cut orslit into components to be manufactured into childrens sleep-wear.3.1.5 flame retard
19、ant, na chemical used to impart flameresistance.3.1.6 flame retardant treated, adjhaving received a flame-retardant treatment.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe term “flame retardant treated”does not apply to textiles that are inherently flame resistant dueto the intrinsic properties of the material or the fiber
20、-formingpolymer.3.1.7 flammability, nthose characteristics of a materialthat pertain to its relative ease of ignition and relative ability tosustain combustion.3.1.8 flammable textile, nany combustible textile thatburns with a flame.3.1.9 garment production unit (unit), nany quantity offinished garm
21、ents which has a specific identity that remainsunchanged throughout the unit except for size, trim, findings,color, and print patterns.3.1.9.1 DiscussionAs specified in 16 CFR 1615 and 1616,a garment production unit is normally any quantity up to 500dozen.3.1.10 infant garment, na garment, which is,
22、 sized ninemonths or smaller.3.1.10.1 DiscussionAn infant garment is either a one-piece garment (which does not exceed 64.8 cm 25.75 in. inlength) or a two-piece garment (no piece exceeding 40 cm15.75 in. in length); and complies with all applicable require-ments of the 16 CFR Part 1610 and 16 CFR p
23、art 1611; andbears a label stating the size of the garment expressed as age inmonths.3.1.11 item, na single article or unit.3.1.11.1 DiscussionIn this test method, item refers to anyarticle of childrens sleepwear or fabric or related materialintended or promoted for use in childrens sleepwear.3.2 Fo
24、r definitions of other terms used in this test methodrefer to Terminology D 123D 123 and to the Glossary ofAATCC Standard Terminology.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method evaluates the extent of vertical flamespread of a textile after a flame is applied to the bottom edgeof the specimen. Th
25、e specimen is oriented vertically during thetest and is exposed to a 38-mm (1.5-in.) flame for 3 s.4.2 The extent of flame spread is determined by measuringthe distance from the lower edge of the specimen to the pointat which the specimen ceases to tear when subjected to aspecified tearing load.5. S
26、ignificance and Use5.1 This test method is suitable for evaluating flammabilitycharacteristics and laundering durability of textiles used in themanufacture of childrens sleepwear. It is not suitable forevaluating the flammability characteristics of textiles for otherproduct applications or ignition
27、scenarios.5.2 The procedure for flammability testing used in this testmethod is technically equivalent to those used in 16 CFR 1615and 1616. This test method does not include detailed specimensampling plans, or the regulatory and record keeping require-ments cited in the federal regulations. Please
28、consult 16 CFR1615 and 1616 for information for these operations.5.3 This test method is suitable for training technicians toconduct the federal test and can serve as a laboratory reference.5.4 In the future, if the U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission updates the federal regulations to revise the
29、 textilerefurbishing methods to those in current industry use, this testmethod will be revised to reflect those changes.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Test ChamberThe test chamber shall be constructed ofa steel or stainless steel cabinet with inside dimensions of 32.96 0.15 cm (12.94 6 0.06 in.) wide
30、, 32.9 6 0.15 cm (12.94 60.06 in.) deep, and 76.2 6 0.15 cm (30 6 0.06 in.) high. Thecabinet shall have a frame, perpendicular to the front of thecabinet, which permits the suspension of the specimen holderover the center of the base of the cabinet at such a height thatthe bottom of the specimen hol
31、der is 1.9 6 0.15 cm (0.75 60.06 in.) above the highest point of the barrel of the gas burner.The front of the cabinet shall be a close-fitting door with a glassinsert to permit observation of the entire test. The inside rearvertical surface of the cabinet will be painted flat black toimprove visibi
32、lity of the burning specimen during the test. Thecabinet floor can be covered with a piece of noncombustiblepaper, fabric, or film whose length and width are approxi-mately 2.5 cm (1 in.) less than the cabinet floor dimensions.The cabinet to be used in this test method is illustrated in Fig.1 and de
33、tailed in Figs. 1-4. A suitable flame height indicator isshown in Fig. 5.6.2 Specimen Holder, nThe specimen holder is designedto permit suspension of the specimen in a fixed verticalposition and to prevent curling of the specimen when the flameis applied. It shall consist of two U-shaped 0.19 cm (0.
34、074 in.;14-gage USS) thick steel or stainless steel plates, 42.2 6 0.15cm (16.62 6 0.06 in.) long, and 8.9 6 0.15 cm (3.5 6 0.06 in.)wide, with aligning pins. The openings in the plates shall be35.6 cm (14 6 0.06 in.) long and 5.1 6 0.15 cm (2 6 0.06 in.)wide. The specimen is fixed between the plate
35、s, which shall beheld together with side clamps. The holder to be used in thistest method is illustrated in Fig. 6.6.3 Burner, nThe burner is substantially the same as thatillustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. The burner will have the inside tubediameter of 1.1 cm (0.437 in.). The input line to the burnersh
36、all be equipped with a needle valve to provide a variableorifice to adjust the height of the flame. The barrel of the burneris positioned at an angle of 25 from the vertical. The burner isequipped with an adjustable stop collar so that it is quicklyD6545102located correctly under the test specimen.
37、The burner isconnected to the gas source by rubber or other flexible tubing.6.4 Gas Supply System, nA pressure regulator to furnishgas to the burner will deliver a pressure of 129 6 13 mm Hg(212 614 lb/in.2) at the burner inlet.6.5 Gas, nThe gas is at least 97 % pure methane.6.6 Hooks and Weights, n
38、Metal hooks and weights areused to produce a series of loads for char length determina-tions. Suitable metal hooks consist of 1.1-mm (0.043-in.; No.19 gage) diameter steel or stainless steel wire, or equivalent,made from 7.6-cm (3-in.) lengths of the wire, bent 1.3 cm (0.5in.) from one end to a 45 a
39、ngle hook. The longer end of thewire is fastened around the neck of the weight to be used andthe other in the lower end of each burned specimen to one sideof the burned area. The requisite loads are given in Table 1.6.7 StopwatchA stopwatch or similar timing device isused to measure time to 0.1 s.6.
40、8 ScaleAlinear scale graduated in millimetres or 0.1-in.divisions is used to measure char length.6.9 Circulating Air OvenAforced-circulation drying ovencapable of maintaining the specimens at 105 6 2.8C (221 65F), is used to dry the specimen while mounted in thespecimen holders.6.10 DesiccatorAn air
41、tight and moisture-tight desiccatingchamber is used for cooling mounted specimens after drying.Anhydrous silica gel will be used as the desiccant.6.11 HoodA hood or other suitable enclosures are used toprovide a draft-free environment surrounding the test chamber.The enclosure has a fan or other sui
42、table means for exhaustingsmoke or toxic gases, or both, produced by testing.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusD65451037. Test Specimens and Sampling7.1 Test SpecimenA section of fabric measuring 8.9 by25.4 cm (3.5 by 10 in.). For prototype seam, prototype trim,and production garment testing, the specimen will i
43、nclude aseam or trim.7.2 SampleFive test specimens cut from the appropriatefabric pieces, prototype seams or trims, or production gar-ments, in accordance with the sampling plan in 16 CFR 1615or 1616.7.3 Test specimens are cut to a length of 254 6 3mm(106 0.1 in.) and a width of 89 6 3 mm (3.5 6 0.1
44、 in.).7.4 Two or three specimens are cut with their long dimen-sion in the machine direction and three or two are cut with theirlong dimension in the cross-machine direction. Each group offive specimens then constitutes one sample. Individual deter-minations for each specimen, and the average of the
45、 sample setconstitute the test result.7.5 Fabrics used in the manufacture of childrens sleepwearare tested after the final stage of production and after the fabrichas been laundered 50 times in accordance with the procedurein Section 10. Fabrics that have not been treated to be madeflame-resistant,
46、and where there will be multiple productionFIG. 2 Front ViewD6545104runs of this fabric type, are not required to be tested after 50launderings; provided that the first fabric production unit hasmet the flammability requirements of the federal standard bothas produced and after 50 launderings.7.6 Sa
47、mpling of fabrics and garments for compliance to thefederal regulation is not part of this test method. Refer to 16CFR 1615 and 1616 for instructions on compliance sampling.8. Preconditioning and Conditioning8.1 Precondition all specimens at 20 6 2C (68 6 4F) fora minimum of 4 h before conditioning.
48、8.2 After preconditioning, mount each specimen in a speci-men holder using a sufficient number of clamps or tape toensure that the specimen cannot move within the specimenholder. Ensure that the specimen is as flat as is practical.8.3 Condition each specimen in a circulating oven at atemperature of
49、105 6 2C (221 6 4F) for 30 min.8.4 Remove the conditioned specimens from the condition-ing oven and place them in the desiccator to cool for at least 30min but not over 60 min. No more than five (5) specimens shallbe placed in a desiccator at one time.8.5 Handle the hot specimen holders with caution as theyare placed into and removed from the conditioning oven. Usesuitable gloves or tongs.9. Procedure9.1 With the hood fan turned off, turn on the gas supply andadjust the needle valve on the burner to obtain a flame heightof a
