1、Designation: D 6557 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of AutomotiveEngine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) proce-dure for evaluating the anti-r
3、ust ability of fluid lubricants. Theprocedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automo-tive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service condi-tions.1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2to update this testmethod. Copies of these
4、 letters can be obtained by writing thecenter.1.3 The values stated in SI units are provided for allparameters except where there is no direct equivalent, such asthe units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters,and tubing size.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3 and8.2.1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 584
6、4 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4D 6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistanceof Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automo-tive Diesel Engine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication o
7、r output ofa measuring device or a given engine with respect to astandard. D 68943.1.2 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reac-tion between a material, usually a metal surface, and itsenvironment that can produce a deterioration of the materialand its properties. D 58443.1.3 non-reference o
8、il, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 58443.1.4 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D 58443.1.4.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to comp
9、are the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils.3.1.5 rust, nof ferrous alloys, a corrosion product consist-ing primarily of hydrated iron oxides. D 58443.1.6 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.2 Definitions
10、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average gray value (AGV), nmeasurement ofbrightness units on test specimens, indicating the degree of rustprotection.3.2.2 specimen, na carbon steel ball,732 in. (AISI 1040).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Produc
11、ts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 655704.2Until the next revision of this test method, the A
12、STM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. This test method is supplemented by InformationLetters and Memoranda issued by the ASTM
13、 TMC. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all Information Letters through No. 0701.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Multiple test tubes, each containing
15、test oil and aspecimen, are placed in a test tube rack, which is attached to amechanical shaker. The shaker speed and temperature arecontrolled.4.2 Air and an acidic solution are continuously fed into eachtest tube over an 18 h period to create a corrosive environment.4.3 The specimens are then remo
16、ved, rinsed, and analyzedby an optical imaging system designed to quantify the antirustcapability of each test oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 This bench test method was designed as a replacementfor Test Method D 5844. Test Method D 5844 was designed tomeasure the ability of an engine oil to protect
17、valve traincomponents against rusting or corrosion under low tempera-ture, short-trip service, and was correlated with vehicles in thattype of service prior to 1978.55.1.1 Correlation between these two test methods has beendemonstrated for most, but not all, of the test oils evaluated.6. Apparatus6.
18、1 Specimen Preparation SystemObtain the specimensfrom the Central Parts Distributor (CPD).6,76.1.1 Specimen preparation equipment includes variouscommon laboratory apparatus and an ultrasonic cleaning bath.6.2 Air Supply SystemA compressed air supply is re-quired, with two air filters, two pressure
19、regulators, a gaspurifier, a gassing manifold (25 port outlet), TFE-fluorocarbontubing (25 600-ft (197m) lengths) or equivalent multiportflow control system, and a calibrated flowmeter (see Annex A1and Figs. 1 and 2).6.3 Acid Solution Delivery SystemAn acid solution deliv-ery system that includes a
20、multiple syringe pump with a tenposition rack is required. The flow rate range minimum is0.0001 L/h (using a 0.5-L syringe) to a maximum 220.82mL/min (using a 140-mL syringe) (see Figs. 3 and 4).6.4 Test Tube AssemblyThe test tube assembly consists of24 disposable plastic syringes and other common l
21、aboratoryapparatus.6.5 Temperature and Shaking Speed Control SystemAmechanical shaker, Bench-Top Environ Shaker Model 4628,7,8provides an orbital shaking motion in a controlled speed andtemperature environment.6.5.1 Aspecial test tube assembly rack7,9(see Figs. 5 and 6)has 24 tube positions and is a
22、ttached to the shaker platform 18by 18 in. (457 by 457 mm).6.6 Air Delivery Manifold, required.6.7 Venting SystemCommon laboratory apparatus is em-ployed for the required venting system (see Fig. 7).6.8 Image Analysis SystemA specific imaging analysissystem7,10is required. This system is composed of
23、:6.8.1 Optics and Illumination:5Special Technical Publication, “Multicylinder Test Sequences for EvaluatingAutomotive Engine Oils,” Part, Sequence IIID ASTM STP 315H, Available fromASTM Headquarters.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Central Parts Distr
24、ibutor, Test Engineering Inc., 12718 Cimmaron Path, SanAntonio, TX 78249.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.8The sole
25、 source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Labine, Inc., 15thand Bloomingdale, Melrose Park, IL 60160.9The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis West End Machine and Weld, Inc., P.O. Box 9444, Richmond, VA 23228.10The sole source o
26、f supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Meyer Instruments, Inc., 1304 Langham Creek, Suite 235, Houston, TX 77084.FIG. 1 Photograph of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 2 Schematic of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 3 Photograph of Acid Delivery SystemD65570826.8.1.1 Nikon Epiphot 200 inverted
27、 metallurgical micro-scope,6.8.1.2 BZ binocular head,6.8.1.3 RV 3 plate mechanical stage,6.8.1.4 CFWN 103 wide field eyepiece, high point eye-piece,6.8.1.5 Manual BD 5 place nosepiece,6.8.1.6 Epiphot 300 EB block,6.8.1.7 DF module,6.8.1.8 CF BD plan 53/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.9 CF BD plan
28、 103/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.10 EPI polarizer,6.8.1.11 Analyzer,6.8.1.12 Lamphouse for 12 V/100 W quartz halogen lightsource,6.8.1.13 Lamphouse adapter,6.8.1.14 12 V/100 W halogen bulbs,6.8.1.15 300/200 100 W power supply,6.8.1.16 Remote control cable,6.8.1.17 C-mount coupler for video ca
29、mera,6.8.1.18 NCB 11 filter,6.8.1.19 Power cords, and6.8.1.20 Ultracentrifuge tube spacer with a 5-mm holedrilled in the center (used as a sample holder and samplerandomizer for sample orientation).6.8.2 Image Capture Hardware and Software:6.8.2.1 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 cam
30、era system,6.8.2.2 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 frame grabber,6.8.2.3 The host computer system (shall meet or exceed thefollowing specifications):(1) HardwarePentium 133 MHz CPU, 16 MB RAM, 540MB hard drive, 1.44 MB 3.5-in. floppy, 1.44 MB 5.25-in.floppy (optional), CD-ROM (highl
31、y recommended option),101 or Windows 95 keyboard, SVGAlocal bus video card with2 MB RAM (4 MB recommended), 2 button serial mouse withpad, 2 parallel ports, and 2 serial ports.(2) SoftwareWindows 3.x/DOS 6.22 or Windows 95Operating System, Microsoft Excel 7.0 (Microsoft Office 97recommended).(3) Mon
32、itorMedical grade high-resolution 19-in. NTSCRGB color video monitor, all necessary cables, connectors, andadapters (including a surge and spike suppressing power strip).6.8.3 BRT Image Analysis Software:6.8.3.1 BRT macro program, andFIG. 4 Schematic of Acid Delivery SystemFIG. 5 Test Tube Assembly
33、RackFIG. 6 Photograph of Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 7 Gassing Manifold for VentingD65570836.8.3.2 Optimate image analysis engine.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagents:7.1.1 Acid Solution (WarningCorrosive. Combustible.Health hazard)Obtain the acid solution from the CPD.NOTE 1For information only. A
34、ppendix X1 contains details of theacid solution.7.1.2 Acetone, 99.5 %. (WarningFlammable. Health haz-ard.)7.1.3 n-Heptane, 38 to 42 % (purity), commercial grade,with C7isomers. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.2 Materials:7.2.1 TFE-fluorocarbon FEP Tubing,132-in. I.D. by116-in.outside diameter (O
35、.D.); 17 rolls of 1000 ft (328 m)/roll. (Notrequired if the optional NRS flow controller7,11is used.)7.2.2 Vinyl Tubing,18 in.-inside diameter (I.D.) by14in.-O.D.; about 15 ft (5 m).7.2.3 Miscellaneous Common Laboratory Equipment, in-cluding glassware, tubing fittings, trays, vials, and plasticsyrin
36、ges.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Specimens:8.1.1 Remove the appropriate number of specimens fromvacuum-sealed packages into a 4-oz (100cc) bottle (clear,medium-round with cap). Add sufficient heptane (see 7.1.3),approximately 2 oz (60 cc), to cover specimens.8.1.2 Cap the bottle loosely and place
37、it in an ultrasoniccleaning bath. Sonicate for 30 min, and then decant theheptane.8.1.3 Rinse two more times with heptane and follow with anacetone (see 7.1.2) rinse to ensure the specimens are free ofcontamination. Dry the specimens with nitrogen for 30 to 60 s.NOTE 2The specimens can be prepared u
38、p to one week in advanceand stored in heptane until needed for testing.8.2 Test Tube Assembly, Tube Rack, and Shaker for EachTest Tube:8.2.1 Cut 24 separate pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon FEPtubing, each piece to be 9.5-in. (24-cm) long.8.2.1.1 Use compressed air (for technical use only), 50 psig(347 kP
39、a) minimum, to remove most of the water/oil emulsionthat may be trapped inside the short lengths of capillary tubing.Clean the tubing with heptane (see 7.1.3), followed by acetone(see 7.1.2), and dry with compressed air.8.2.2 Check the flangeless fitting for116-in. O.D. TFE-fluorocarbon tubing for d
40、eterioration, and replace as necessary.8.2.3 Remove and discard the plunger from a new 20-mLdisposable plastic syringe (Luer-Lok), and securely fasten thesyringe barrel to the short capillary tubing, using couplings,14-28 thread, and female Luer CTFE fittings,14-28 thread, andwith a 1.5-mm bore.8.2.
41、3.1 Label the syringes (test tubes) from 1 to 24.8.2.4 Place the assembled test tube in the tube rack with thecapillary tubing facing upward in the adjacent small hole.8.2.4.1 The test tube assembly rack is a specially designedaluminum fabrication. It holds 24 test tubes with easy snap-onlock, wing
42、nuts, and hold-down bars (see Fig. 5).8.2.5 Place one precleaned specimen into each test tube,using extra-long forceps that are 7 in. (175 mm) with serratedtips to avoid contamination.8.2.6 Insert 10 mL of test oil into each test tube, using a10-mL disposable syringe.8.2.7 Secure the test tubes to t
43、he tube holder with threehold-down bars and three wing nuts.8.2.8 Fasten the test tube assembly rack to the shakerplatform with four custom-made wing bolts.8.3 Acid Delivery System:8.3.1 Withdraw 6 mL of acid solution by hand from awide-mouth beaker into an individual 5-mL disposable plasticsyringe
44、(Luer-Lok).8.3.1.1 Attach the syringe to an acid inlet port of one of the24 three-way switching valves, with14-28 thread. (The othertwo ports are used for air inlet and mixed air/acid outlet.)8.3.2 Turn the three-way valve to two-way open and eject,by hand, about 0.5 mL of acid solution into a waste
45、 beaker,while ensuring that no air bubbles remain in the syringe.8.3.2.1 Place the syringe that now contains about 5.5 mL ofacid solution on the holder of the multiple syringes pump.8.3.3 Repeat the above procedure for the other 23 aciddelivery syringes.8.3.4 There are three multiple syringe pumps,
46、and eight ofthe 5-mL syringes are attached to each of the pumps.8.3.4.1 The pumps each have a ten-position rack and arerequired to satisfy a flow rate range of 0.0001 L/h, minimum,to 220.82 mL/min, maximum. Required accuracy is 61 %, andreproducibility is 6 0.1 %.8.3.5 Ensure that the syringe barrel
47、 flange and the plungerflange are firmly held by the six retaining clamps, which are2-in. (51-mm) C-clamps that secure the ends of the hold-downbars of the multiple syringes pump.8.3.5.1 Good alignment of all 24 acid delivery syringesagainst the retaining brackets is crucial to ensure repeatability.
48、(See Fig. 3 for a photograph of the acid delivery system, andFig. 4 for a schematic.)8.3.6 Cut 24 pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon tubing; each pieceto be 51 6 1 in. (1295 6 25 mm) in length.8.3.6.1 Attach each of these tubes to the mixed air/acidoutlet ports of the three-way switching valves.8.4 Air Deli
49、very System:8.4.1 Clean, dry air, compressed to at least 50 psig (347kPa), is required.8.4.2 A single stage, high-purity stainless steel pressureregulator is the first in the line; this is equipped witha0to160-psi maximum pressure gauge.8.4.3 Two compressed air filters capable of removing par-ticles and mists are required, and are next in the line.8.4.3.1 The first filter in the line is an A912-DX type,followed by an A912-BX type. These have polycarbonate11Brooks Model 8744 NRS Flow Controller has been determined to beacceptable for this applic
