1、Designation: D 6763 02Standard Guide forTesting Exterior Wood Stains1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borneand solvent borne semitransparent and opaq
3、ue stains. Theproperties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevanttest procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.NOTE 1The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi-tion intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish thatobscures the grain and color of the wood, bu
4、t not its surface texture; alsocalled solid color or solid hide.NOTE 2The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented com-position intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finishthat does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.1.1.1 DiscussionWhen applied to wood
5、s that differ incolor, there is a color difference between stained substrates.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of th
6、is standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and Applications2D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed C
7、upTester3D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup Tester3D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes4D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,Pastes, and Paints4D 215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White LinseedOil Paints2D 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Pa
8、ints bythe Visual Evaluation of Brushouts2D 358 Specification for Wood To Be Used As Panels inWeathering Tests of Coatings5D 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic Coatings2D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss2D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Vi
9、scosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eter2D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior Paints2D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior Paints2D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior Paints2D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blister
10、ing ofPaints2D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior Paints2D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaint5D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling Abrasive2D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints
11、on Wood2D 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood6D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage2D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluents7D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point ofLiquids by Tag Open Cup Apparatus2D
12、1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related Products2D 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber andParticle Panel Materials6D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing or Film Formationof Organic Coatings at Room Temperature4D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Col
13、orDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials2D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint51This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coat
14、ings.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.7Annual Book of ASTM Sta
15、ndards, Vol 06.04.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Vis-cometer2D 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatin
16、gs byScrape Adhesion2D 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings5D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differencesfrom Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates2D 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acidsin Solvent-Reducible Paints2D 2369 Test Method f
17、or Volatile Content of Coatings2D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of OrganicCoatings2D 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints2D 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-Reducible Paints2D 2486 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints5D 2574 Test M
18、ethod for Resistance of Emulsion Paints inthe Container to Attack by Microorganisms2D 2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of VehicleSolids From Solvent-Reducible Paints2D 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter inClear or Pigmented Coatings2D 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Pain
19、ts by Reflec-tometry2D 3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymersin Emulsion Paints2D 3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of SurfaceDisfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal orAlgal) Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation2D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
20、Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by TapeTest2D 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttack2D 3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection onCoated Exterior Panels5D 3723 Test Method for Pi
21、gment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing2D 3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence ofLatex Paint Films5D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented Coatings2D 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or SheenUniformity5D 3960 Practice for Determini
22、ng Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings2D 4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer Method2D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber Abraser2D 4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-DownMethod5
23、D 4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCups2D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint Films2D 4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using aCone/Plate Viscometer2D 4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using aMultinotch Applicator5D 4446 T
24、est Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness ofWater-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling ofUntreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environ-ments6D 4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled Condensation2D 4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
25、Latex Paints5D 5326 Test Method for Color Development in TintedLatex Paints5D 5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water RepellentCoatings on Wood5E 70 Test Method of pH of Aqueous Solutions with theGlass Electrode8E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials9E 313 Practice for Calculating
26、Yellowness and Whiteness ofIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates2E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color- Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry22.2 U.S. Federal Standards:U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C2131 Application of Sprayed Films2141 Applicatio
27、n of Brushed Films3011 Condition in Container4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability4401 Odor4421 Absorption Test4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)2.3 Other Documents:Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies forCoatings Technology10Pain
28、t and Coatings Testing Manual3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-ogy D 16, D 1038, and D 1554 and to the FSCT Stain/CoatingsDictionary.4. Conditions Affecting Coatings4.1 MoistureWood is porous and will absorb moisture,causing it to swell. As it dries, it will
29、shrink. It is this cycle ofshrinking and swelling that causes warping and cracking in thewood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating,affecting its durability. Many semitransparent and opaque, or8Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.9Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.10
30、Available from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.D 67632solid color, exterior stains are formulated to repel water toprotect wood from ingress of moisture, thereby reducing thetendency of the wood to warp and crack.4.2 Substrate TypeThe subst
31、rate to be coated can affectnot only the application properties of a coating, such as glossand uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type ofcoating to use. For instance, a primer may be required forpreviously coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or aprimer-sealer on previously u
32、ncoated wood. Other factorsinclude the type and quality of wood or wood composite(plywood, particle board or hardboard).4.3 Substrate ConditionsConditions such as species ofwood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatingsdetermine the kind of coating that can be applied. Theperformance of
33、 coatings on uncoated new wood can beinfluenced by the presence of mill glaze and wood grainorientation. The condition of previously stained substrates suchas degree of chalk, presence of dirt, mold, and water-soluble oroily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity alsoinfluence the pe
34、rformance of coatings. Smoothness of thesubstrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, andtexture.4.4 Preparation of previously coated or weathered substratesincluding cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.4.5 The application properties are affected by temperatureand humidity at the time of app
35、lication and during drying.4.5.1 For Water ReducibleAs these materials containwater, surfaces do not have to be completely dry beforeapplication. However, application and surface temperatureslower than 50F may cause poor film formation.4.5.2 For Solvent ReducibleSurface dampness may ad-versely effec
36、t film uniformity, wetting, and adhesion. Humidityand low temperature have relatively little effect except forslowing the drying.4.6 Substrate WeatheringWeathering of wood beforestaining will adversely affect the performance of exteriorcoatings.4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the BuildingIf constructiond
37、efects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisturefrom the inside or the outside makes it way through thesubstrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with dampground, blistering flaking or peeling may result.4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-eral for the are
38、a and specific, such as under eaves, behindshrubbery, northside and southside exposure are significantweathering factors.5. Selection of Tests5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjectedvary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of woodand (2) the service environment; shelte
39、red, exposed, andhorizontal, specialized types of solvent-borne and water-bornecoatings have been developed for the different locations.Selection of the referenced methods to be followed must begoverned by experience and the requirements in each indi-vidual case, together with agreement between the
40、purchaserand the seller.5.2 The purchaser should first determine which propertiesare the most important. After establishing the requirements orspecifications, select the test methods that measure or evaluatethose properties. The balance of properties must be consideredwhen establishing the requireme
41、nts and selecting the tests. Thesignificance of the tests and the normal range of values arepresented in the different sections, in most cases.6. Sampling6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container shouldbe checked since damage to it may cause evaporation, skinningor other undesirable effe
42、cts on the coatings.6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D 3925. Determinethe density in pounds per gallon (kilograms/litre) in accordancewith Test Method D 1475. Continue sampling and determiningdensity until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or asagreed upon between the purchaser and
43、 seller. Then takesamples for testing.6.3 Specify the amount required for a representative sample,the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-US gal (or4-L) sample is usually sufficient for the recommended tests, butfor guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult PracticeE 105.7. Liquid Coa
44、ting Properties7.1 SkinningCoatings that contain a binder that dries byoxidation may be subject to skin formation in a partially-filledcan. Since skins are insoluble in the material they must beremoved before use. The referenced test in a partially-filledcontainer indicates the tendency of the mater
45、ial to skin. Atypical minimum time for skinning in accordance with thismethod is 48 h. Examine the original sample for skins, both onand below the surface. Using a well-mixed skin-free portion ofthe sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with GuideD 154.7.2 Condition in ContainerThickening, s
46、ettling, and sepa-ration are undesirable and objectionable if material that hasbeen stored cannot be readily reconditioned and made suitablefor application with a reasonable amount of stirring. Thereferenced method covers procedures for determining changesin properties after storage and lists charac
47、teristics that areundesirable and objectionable in a stored stain. Determinecondition in the container in accordance with Method 3011 ofFederal Test Method Standard No. 141. (See also 7.12,Package Stability).7.3 Coarse Particles and Foreign MatterLiquid coatingsmust be free of coarse particles and f
48、oreign matter to be able toform uniform films of good appearance, a typical maximumbeing 0.5 weight % of the total material. The referencedmethod with a 325-mesh (45 m) screen gives the percent ofthese particles. Determine content of coarse particles andforeign matter in accordance with Test Methods
49、 D 185.7.4 Density or Weight per GallonThe density measured inpounds per gallon (kilograms per litre = g/mL) is used toensure product uniformity from batch to batch, provides acheck against the theoretical weight calculated from theformula, and is useful for determining the similarity of twosamples. The reference method gives a procedure for measur-ing the density of the coating at a specified temperature. Moststains have densities of about 8 to 11 lb/gal (1.2 to 1.4 kg/L).Determine density in accordance with Test Method D 1475,D 67633using a calibrated weight per gallon cu
