1、Designation: D6795 10D6795 13Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils AfterTreatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30-min) (30min) Heating Time1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6795; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without ou
3、tside assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see AnnexA1). By these means,the laboratory will know whether their use of the
4、test method gives results statistically similar to thoseobtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposessuch a requirement in connection with sev
5、eral Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified
6、by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A1).For other information, refer to the research report of this test method.31. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of
7、an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. Itsimulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storagewith some water in the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of m
8、easurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryl
9、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive E
10、ngine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)51 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2010May 1, 2013
11、. Published June 2010May 2013. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 asD6795D6795 10.08. DOI: 10.1520/D6795-10.10.1520/D6795-13.2 ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489. This test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Mem
12、oranda issued by theASTM Test Monitoring Center. Users of this test method can contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of these.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1529.4 For reference
13、dASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www
14、.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult
15、 prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、 19428-2959. United States1D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdrawn2009)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to
17、 thatof a standard.3.1.2 calibration test, na test, using a coded reference oil, conducted as specified in the test method.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe test result is used to determine the suitability of the testing facility/laboratory to conduct such tests on non-reference oils.3.1.3 candidate oil, nan oi
18、l that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis tested against that specification. D58443.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of
19、 pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation, and foaming are examples. D58623.1.5 non-reference oil, nany oil other than
20、 a reference oilsuch as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D58443.1.6 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.6.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils,
21、 or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effective filter area, nthat surface of a test filter that can receive the material to be filtered.3.2.2 new oil, nan unused oil having the identical formulation and
22、base stock as the test oil.3.2.3 test oil, nthe new oil with water added and dry ice added.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA potential precipitate in the test oil is induced by heating the oil and aging.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test oil is treated with deionized water and dry ice. The sample is heated to
23、70C70 C for 30 min, followed by storageat room temperature. The sample is filtered and the flow rate is calculated determining the engine oil filterability characteristics.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into t
24、he engine lubricant andbe retained in it.5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustionmaymight be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of
25、the oil the next time the engine is run.5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can bedetermined.5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available.5.6 This test method requires that
26、 a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to givea low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.D6795 132NOTE 1When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4
27、485, the specificationwill state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a 25-mL 25 mL burette, a filter holder with 25-m 25 m automotive oil filter paper, and a sourceof 69(69 6 22) kPa air pressur
28、e. Discs of filter paper are cut to fit the holder and installed (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 Burette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) stopcock and 1.8(1.8 6 0.10.1) mm burette tipopening.6.1.2 Air Regulator, capable of regulating air to a pressure of 69(69 6 22) kPa.6.1.3 Filter
29、 Holder, with effective filter area approximately 0.8 cm2.6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 mm, (25-m (25 m porosity).66.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 rpm 610 % without the container.6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing 30(30 6 11) s.6.3 Container, 250 mL, with blade compatible with the blender.6.4 Syr
30、inge, 1000 L.6.5 Dry Ice (solid carbon dioxide).6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining 70(70 6 1C.1) C.6.7 Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of measuring sequential events to 1 s resolution.6.8 Glass Jars, 60 mL, with inert lined lids.6 The sole source of supply of the
31、automotive oil filter paper known to the committee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 5039,Mentor, OH 44061-5039. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive caref
32、ulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.NOTE 1Filter holder has approximate area of 0.8 cm2. It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 m porosity).FIG. 1 Apparatus to Measure Engine Oil FilterabilityD6795 1337. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsUse re
33、agent grade chemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shallconform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,7 where suchspecifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascert
34、ained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purityto permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean Specification D1193 Type IIIdeionized water or water of equivalent purity.7.3 TMC
35、Reference OilsThese are available from the Test Monitoring Center.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions in Practice D4057.9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter9.1 Mix 49.7(49.7 6 0.10.1) g of test oil, 0.3(0.3 6 0.050.05) g (0.3(0.3 6 0.050.05) mL with the 1000-L syr
36、inge)1000 Lsyringe of deionized water and approximately 10 g of dry ice in the blender for 30(30 6 11) s at 18 000 rpm 610 %. Cover thetop of the container loosely to prevent oil spattering while allowing rapid vaporization of the dry ice.9.2 Transfer the sample to a 60-mL 60 mL wide-mouth glass bot
37、tle and place the loosely capped (14 turn) bottle in an oven at70.0(70.0 6 1.0C1.0) C for 30(30 6 22) min. Remove from the oven, tighten cap and allow to cool to room temperature (20to 24C).24) C.9.3 Store in dark at room temperature (20 to 24C).24) C.9.4 Determine filterability 48(48 6 22) h after
38、removing the sample from the oven.9.5 Dry filters in an oven at 70(70 6 2C2) C for 30(30 6 22) min and store in a desiccator until used.10. Procedure10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 with filter installed in proper orientation (25-m (25 m smooth side up).10.2 Determine the new oil flow rate
39、 by placing a sample of the new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force at least10 mL of oil through the filter to saturate the filter with oil and remove any air bubbles. Disconnect the air line and fill the burettewith new oil to a level 1(1 to 22) cm above the 0 mark. Pressurize the s
40、ystem to 69(69622) kPa, open the stopcock, and measurethe flow time for each successive 5 mL of oil between the 0(0 and 25-mL25) mL graduations.10.3 To determine the test oil flow rate, the flow times of the new oil are first determined in accordance with 10.2. Using thesame filter disc, filter hold
41、er, and burette, reduce the new oil level in the burette to the lowest level that allows no air bubbles belowthe stopcock. Disconnect the air line and fill the burette with a well-mixed sample of test oil to a level 1(1 to 22) cm above the0 mark. Pressurize the system to 69(69 6 2 kPa, 2) kPa, open
42、the stopcock, and measure the flow time for each successive 5 mL5 mL of oil between the 0(0 and 25-mL25) mL graduations.10.4 Run each non-reference and reference oil in duplicate; repeat Section 9 and 10.1 to 10.4 for each non-reference and eachreference oil.10.5 For TMC-monitored tests, run the TMC
43、 reference oil on the same day as the non-reference oil.10.6 For tests not monitored by the TMC, an in-house quality assurance oil can be used in place of the TMC reference.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the flow rate for the new oil and the test oil for each 5-mL 5 mL portion of oil using Eq 1:flow
44、rate5AB (1)where:A = volume of oil, andB = flow time.11.2 Calculate the percent change in flow rate of the test oil relative to the new oil with the final oil flow rates (between 2020 mLand 25 mL 25 mL measured with the same filter disc) using Eq 2:7 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Spec
45、ifications , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Co
46、nvention, Inc., (USPC), Rockville, MD.D6795 134percent change in flow rate5E2DD 3100 (2)where:D = final new oil flow rate, andE = final test oil flow rate.12. TMC Reference Oil Testing12.1 Test aTMC-coded reference oil along with each batch of non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultane
47、ously with,and in the same batch as, the non-reference oils.NOTE 2Annex A1 discusses the involvement of the ASTM TMC with respect to the reference test-monitoring program.12.1.1 Prior to conducting a reference oil test, procure a supply of reference oils directly from the TMC. These oils have beenfo
48、rmulated or selected to represent specific chemistry types, or performance levels, or both. Each reference oil sample is identifiedusing a unique set of identification codes on the container labels. The coded reference samples provide for a blind reference-testingprogram to protect against the possi
49、bility of bias in the results.12.1.1.1 The testing laboratory tacitly agrees to use the TMC reference oils exclusively in accordance with the TMCs publishedPolicies for Use and Analysis of ASTM Reference Oils, and to run and report the reference oil test according to TMC guidelines.NOTE 3Policies for the Use and Analysis of ASTM Reference Oils are available from the TMC.12.1.2 Request a reference oil assignment from the TMC for this test method. The TMC will determine determines the specificreference oil to be tested by the labor
