1、Designation: D 6803 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forTesting and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds(Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint UsingSmall Environmental Chambers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6803; the number immediately following the designat
2、ion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides procedures
3、 for preparing testsamples of alkyd primer, alkyd paint, latex primer, or latexpaint applied to building materials such as gypsum wallboard,wood, or engineered wood products and procedures for sam-pling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from thosetest samples. Emissions are sampled from smal
4、l environmentalchambers operated under controlled conditions.1.2 This practice describes procedures for preparation oftest specimens by application of primer or paint to commonbuilding materials. Use of the procedures described in thispractice for tests with other application methods or substratesma
5、y affect the results and not meet the criteria recommended inthe practice.1.3 This practice describes procedures for collection ofVOCs on sorbent tubes and carbonyl compounds on silica geltreated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that requireanalytical methods for measurement of individual orga
6、niccompound concentrations. This practice does not describe thedetailed procedures of analytical methods, but refers to pub-lished methods for these analyses.1.4 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam-pling VOCs emitted from paint under controlled conditions.The test conditions, when
7、 combined with analytical data, canbe used to calculate emission rates. This practice does notrecommend a method for the calculations.1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI)are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
8、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings,
9、 Materials,and ApplicationsD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 1914 Practice for Conversion Uni
10、ts and Factors Relatingto Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD 3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-sorption Method)D 3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound VaporsCollected by the Activated Charcoal Tube AdsorptionMethodD5116
11、 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions From Indoor Materials/ProductsD 5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehydeand Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active SamplerMethodology)D 6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, andThermal Desorptio
12、n Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-ganic Compounds in AirD 6345 Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Integra-tive Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in AirE 741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a SingleZone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution2.2 Other Referenced Document:31This p
13、ractice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6803 - 02.2For referenced A
14、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3U.S. EPA, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH,websi
15、te http:/www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Compendium of Methods for the Determination of ToxicOrganic Compounds inAmbientAir, Compendium Meth-ods TO-15 and TO-17, EPA/625/R-96-010b, J
16、anuary1999, (NTIS No. PB99-172355)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions and terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology D 1356, Terminology D16, andPractice E 355. For definitions and terms related to testmethods using small-scale environmental chambers, refer toGuide D5116.3.2 Definitio
17、ns of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air change per hour (ACH)the volume of clean airbrought into the chamber in 1 h divided by the chamber volumemeasured in identical volume units, normally expressed in airchanges per hour (h-1).3.2.2 alkyd paintalso referred to as oil paint, it is a paintth
18、at contains drying oil or oil varnish as the basic vehicleingredient.3.2.3 chamber loading (m2/m3)the exposed surface areaof the test specimen coated with paint divided by the environ-mental test chamber volume.3.2.4 clean airair that does not contain any individualVOC at a concentration in excess o
19、f 2 g/m3and does notcontain greater than 10 g/m3for the sum of the VOCsmeasurable in the sample. The air should be conditioned toremove particulates and ozone.3.2.5 environmental enclosurea temperature controlledenclosure of sufficient size to contain the environmental testchamber(s) and allow adequ
20、ate access to it to conduct thetesting.3.2.6 environmental test chambera chamber constructedof inert materials into which a material can be placed and testedto determine the VOC emission rate under controlled environ-mental conditions.3.2.7 latex painta paint containing a stable aqueous dis-persion
21、of synthetic resin, produced by emulsion polymeriza-tion, as the principal constituent of the binder. Modifying resinsmay be present.3.2.8 primerthe first of two or more coats of a paint.3.2.9 spreading ratethe area covered by a unit volume ofcoating material, frequently expressed as square feet per
22、gallon. It may also be referred to as coverage or coverage rateon paint container labels.3.2.10 test specimena specimen of the paint applied to asubstrate such as gypsum wallboard, wood, or engineeredwood products.3.2.11 volatile organic compound (VOC)an organic com-pound with saturation vapor press
23、ure greater than 10-2kPa at25C.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam-pling emissions of VOCs, including formaldehyde and othercarbonyl compounds, from paint applied to building materialssuch as gypsum wallboard, wood, and engineered woodproducts. Emissions
24、tests are conducted using small environ-mental chambers operated in a dynamic mode with continuousflow of humidified VOC-free air through the chambers. Theenvironmental chambers are operated at designated conditionsof airflow rate, temperature, and relative humidity. The VOCsin the emissions are sam
25、pled by adsorption on an appropriatesingle, or multiple sorbent media that can be analyzed bythermal desorption and combined gas chromatography/massspectrometry (GC/MS) or GC/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds are col-lected on silica gel coated with DNPH
26、reagent that can beanalyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).4.2 This practice describes the procedures for handling andstorage of paint, setup of the small environmental test cham-bers, preparation of test specimens, chamber performance tests,sampling and reporting.5. Significance a
27、nd Use5.1 Latex and alkyd paints are used as coatings for walls,wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint maybe applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedlyduring the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paintafter application to surfaces.5.2 There is a need
28、for data on emissions from paint. Thedata can be used to compare emissions from different products.The data may be used to assist manufacturers in reducing oreliminating VOC emissions from their products. The data maybe used to predict concentrations of VOCs in a room orbuilding when used with appro
29、priate indoor air quality models.5.3 Standard test practices and procedures are needed forthe comparison of emissions data from different laboratories.6. Apparatus6.1 This practice requires the use of an environmentalchamber testing facility and air sample collection systems.6.2 Environmental Chambe
30、r Testing Facility, consisting ofan environmental test chamber, a controlled-temperature envi-ronmental enclosure, a system for supplying clean and condi-tioned air to the chamber, and fittings and manifolds on thechamber outlet for collection of air samples. All materials andcomponents in contact w
31、ith the test specimen or air prior tosample collection should be chemically inert and accessible forcleaning. Suitable materials include stainless steel and glass.All gaskets and flexible components should be made fromchemically inert materials. General guidance for design, con-struction, configurat
32、ion, and validation of an environmentaltest chamber facility is provided in Guide D5116.6.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber, constructed of inertmaterials of sufficient size to hold the test specimen. Smallenvironmental test chambers may range in size from a fewlitres to 5 m3. Procedures recommended in
33、 this practice havebeen evaluated using environmental chambers with a volumeof 0.053 m3. This volume is used in the practice for discussionand illustrative purposes. Chambers of different size and shapemay be used if the standard environmental test chamberconditions can be maintained and chamber per
34、formance can bedemonstrated. The chamber should be equipped with anopening large enough for loading the test specimen and forcleaning the chamber. The chamber will be equipped with aport to supply air to the chamber, an air outlet from thechamber, and ports for temperature and relative humidityprobe
35、s. The chamber may be equipped with a fan to promoteD 6803 02 (2007)2mixing in the chamber and to achieve the desired air velocityacross the surface of the test specimen. The performance of thechamber should be evaluated prior to use to determine air-tightness, surface adsorption effects, air mixing
36、, and air veloc-ity at the surface of the substrate. Some of the chamberperformance (that is, air mixing and air velocity) should beevaluated with an uncoated test substrate in place. The chamberperformance should be tested and demonstrated following theguidelines presented in Guide D5116.6.2.2 Envi
37、ronmental Enclosure, of sufficient size to accom-modate the environmental test chamber and capable of main-taining the desired temperature within 0.5C.6.2.3 Clean Air Supply System, capable of supplying acontrolled flow of clean, humidified air into the test chamber,as described in Guide D5116. The
38、system should incorporatehardware for removing particles, ozone, and VOCs from the airsupplied to the chamber(s). Concentrations of VOCs andaldehydes measured at the chamber inlet should not exceed 2g/m3for any single compound or 10 g/m3for the sum of allmeasurable VOCs in the sample. The relative h
39、umidity (RH) ofthe air supplied to the chamber(s) should be controlled to thedesired set point within 65 % RH. The flow rate of the airsupplied to the chamber should be controlled within 65%ofthe set-point airflow rate. Ideally, the chamber system will bedesigned such that a positive pressurization
40、of the chamber ofapproximately 10 Pa relative to the environmental enclosurewill be maintained and monitored at all times during the test.6.2.4 Environmental Measurement System, consisting ofhardware and software to measure and record the temperature,RH, and airflow rates during operation of the tes
41、t system. Asystem for continuous recording of the data is recommended.6.3 Air Sampling Systems, consisting of sorbent tubes andDNPH-silica gel cartridges, a sampling manifold, vacuumpumps, and airflow controllers/meters. Airflow controllersshould control the airflow rate through the sampling system
42、towithin 5 % of the specified value. All system componentsbetween the chamber and the sampling media should beconstructed of chemically inert materials.6.3.1 A glass or stainless steel manifold should be con-nected to the outlet of the chamber for collection of airsamples. The manifold should be des
43、igned for collection ofmultiple samples simultaneously. The exhaust from the mani-fold should be vented into a laboratory fume hood or otherappropriate exhaust device to prevent contamination of the airin the laboratory or environmental enclosure.6.3.2 Vacuum pumps should be used to draw air through
44、 thesorbent tubes. The required airflow rate is a function of the typeof sampler used, the size of the chamber, and the air changerate. The total airflow rate through the samplers should notexceed 50 % of the flow rate from the chamber outlet. Forcollection of VOCs on sorbent tubes, the pump should
45、becapable of maintaining a constant flow in the range of 10 to 200mL/min. For collection of air samples on DNPH-silica gelcartridges, the pump should be capable of maintaining aconstant flow in the range of 100 to 500 mL/min.6.3.3 For collection of VOCs during the emissions test,tubes containing sin
46、gle or multiple sorbents may be used. Thesorbents may be porous polymers or graphitized carbon blacks.Select an appropriate single or multi-layered sorbent tubefollowing the procedures in Practice D 6196, Guide D 6345,and EPA Method TO-17. Recommendations on the use ofsorbent tubes from manufacturer
47、s or suppliers should befollowed in selecting the sampling airflow rate and samplingperiod to avoid breakthrough of VOCs through the sorbenttube. The required air sampling volume at each collection timepoint should be determined through consideration of the safesampling volume (SSV, see Practice D 6
48、196) of the VOC withthe lowest retention volume, concentrations to be measured,and detection limits of the analytical method.6.3.4 For collection of VOCs during the first 10 to 20 hfollowing application of alkyd primer or paint, charcoal sor-bents (Practice D 3687) may be used due to the high concen
49、-trations of VOCs in the chamber air.6.3.5 For collection of formaldehyde and other carbonylcompounds, DNPH-silica gel cartridges should be used follow-ing the Test Method D 5197.6.3.6 An airflow meter/controller should be used to controland measure the airflow rate during sample collection. Thecontroller may consist of a precision flow control valve, acritical orifice, or a mass flow controller. The measurementdevice may consist of soap film bubble meter, calibrated highprecision rotameter, or mass flow meter. A mass flow meter/controller is recommended for use duri
