1、Designation: D 6826 05Standard Specification forSprayed Slurries, Foams and Indigenous Materials Used AsAlternative Daily Cover for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines procedures for determiningthe perform
3、ance of certain landfill daily cover materialsgenerally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC). Thisspecification applies only to slurries that are sprayed, foamsthat are spray applied, or indigenous materials that are placedonto the working face of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill(MSWLF) uni
4、t as a cover. It is not applicable to other types oflandfills. It does not apply to geosynthetics used as an ADC.1.2 This standard addresses the evaluation of an ADC andits ability to control fires and odors and whether or not thecover contains materials that present a threat to human healthand the
5、environment. The control of disease vectors andblowing litter can be evaluated by observation, and scavengingis controlled by security procedures and other operatingpractices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
6、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4982 Test Methods for Flammability Potential ScreeningAnalysis of WasteD 6523 Guide for Evalua
7、tion and Selection of AlternativeDaily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary LandfillsE96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-rialsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Documents:3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations, Re-source Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D
8、, Codeof Federal Regulations, Protection of the Environment,Title 40, Part 258, Subpart CB Operating Criteria, Section258.21 Cover Material Requirements, pp. 393-94, revisedas of July 1, 1995EPA Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Proce-dureEPA Method 1312 Synthetic Precipitation Leaching P
9、roce-dureEPA Publication SW-846EPA Method 8260EPA Method 82703. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of some terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology G40.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 daily cover, n6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen materialthat is spread and co
10、mpacted on the top and side slopes ofcompacted solid waste, at least at the end of each operatingday, which satisfies the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency,Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D.3.2.1.1 alternative daily cover material, na substance ormaterial other than 6 inches (152.
11、4 mm) of earthen material,used for daily cover, which satisfies the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,Subtitle D, performance standards for an ADC (see GuideD 6523).3.2.2 foam, na synthetic material sprayed and combinedwith air to form closed cell air pocket
12、s (see Guide D 6523).3.2.3 indigenous, adjnative to a particular region (seeGuide D 6523).3.2.4 leachate, ncontaminated water resulting from thecombination of waste with precipitation (see Guide D 6523).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the di
13、rect responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 682602a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
14、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
15、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.5 municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) unit, naregulated disposal site for the deposition of commercial andhousehold waste.3.2.6 working face, nthe area of a landfill in which wasteis actively being deposited (see Guide D 652
16、3).4. Significance and Use4.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promul-gated regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recov-ery Act, Subtitle D, which establish criteria for municipal solidwaste landfills (MSWLF). These regulations became effectiveOctober 9, 1991. The cover material re
17、quirements of theseregulations are set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations,Section 258.21 as follows:(a) “Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, theowners or operators of all MSWLF units must cover disposedsolid waste with six inches of earthen material at the end ofeach operating
18、day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary,to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, andscavenging.”(b) “Alternative materials of an alternative thickness (otherthan at least six inches of earthen material) may be approved bythe Director of the Solid Waste Regulatory Agency of a
19、napproved State if the owner or operator demonstrates that thealternative material and thickness control disease vectors, fires,odors, blowing litter, and scavenging without presenting athreat to human health and the environment.”These federal regulations have the force of the law, and it isthe purp
20、ose of this specification to define the test proceduresnecessary to comply with these regulations.4.2 In order for a MSWLF landfill operator to obtainapproval for use of an ADC, the operator must supplyperformance data to the state Solid Waste Regulatory Agency.In general, the technique used to obta
21、in this permissioninvolves applying to the state Solid Waste Regulatory agencyfor a sanitary MSWLF operating permit modification.NOTE 1Manufacturers will provide performance data for their prod-uct.4.3 Parties interested in the evaluation technology describedin the Standard Practice should include M
22、SWLF operators,engineering firms, local, state, and federal Solid Waste Regu-latory Agencies, and manufacturers and vendors of ADCmaterials.5. Classification of ADCs (Other than GeosyntheticADCs)5.1 FoamsFoam ADCs are applied to the working face ofMSWLF units using foam generation and application eq
23、uip-ment specifically designed for that particular foam. Bothhardening and non-hardening foams are currently available.5.2 Spray-On SlurriesMostADC slurries are paper-based.The paper-based slurry ADCs are applied to the working faceof MSWLF units using standard hydro seeding equipment.Certain types
24、of slurries may require some modification of thehydro seeding equipment. The slurries are allowed to harden toform a crust or shell over the working face.5.3 Indigenous MaterialsIndigenous ADCs consist ofvarious types of locally available waste products (for example,sludges, ash, contaminated soils,
25、 shredded tires, shreddedgreen waste, pulverized construction and demolition debris,automobile recycling fluff, foundry sand, etc.). These indig-enousADCs are placed onto the working face of MSWLF unitsin a manner similar to soil cover. They often require physicalor chemical modification for consist
26、ency and workability andare usually evaluated for the presence of potentially hazardousconstituents. Unlike commercially available ADCs, each ofthese materials can vary significantly in respect of physical andchemical characteristics and composition, depending upon thesource of the indigenous materi
27、al. In addition, suitability andacceptability are dependent on site-specific climatic and opera-tional conditions and regulatory requirements.6. Physical Properties6.1 GeneralThe experimental procedures and results areselected to ensure that the ADC material controls diseasevectors, fires, odors, bl
28、owing litter, and scavenging, and thatthe ADC itself does not present a threat to human health andthe environment.6.2 Control of Fires:6.2.1 Test Method A of Test Methods D 4982, shall be usedto indicate the fire-producing potential of those ADCs coveredby this standard that are sprayed as a slurry,
29、 applied as a foamor indigenous materials that are placed on disposed solid wastein a landfill. Prepare the specimens according to the manufac-turers instructions and condition at 120 F (48.9 C) to constantmass before tests. Constant mass is determined by successiveweighing at two-hour intervals tha
30、t do not change more than1%. Test within 15 min or place the conditioned specimen in adessicator until test is performed.The test result shall be pass orfail.6.3 Control of Odors:6.3.1 The Water Method of Test Methods E96, can be usedto determine the water vapor permeance of a representativesample o
31、f the ADC to be tested. The standard test conditionshall be that set forth in Appendix X1.1.2 Procedure B, WaterMethod at 73.4F (23C).NOTE 2One sprayed-slurry ADC has a measured permeance of 1.813 10-4g/h-cm2-mmHg (Water Method of Test Methods E96) Thepermeance of Ottawa Sand is 2.87 3 10-4g/h-cm2-m
32、mHg when measuredin the same manner.h The lower the water vapor transmission rate, thegreater potential odor control a particularADC may provide. Test MethodsE96test results may be used to compare one ADC to another.6.3.2 The Water Method of Test Methods E96may not beappropriate for some materials.
33、Odor control can be deter-mined by visual observation of the reduction of fly and birdpopulation and by the reduction in scavenging in areas whereADC has been applied.6.4 Analysis of Daily Cover Materials to Ensure They DoNot Present a Threat to Human Health and the Environment:6.4.1 A representativ
34、e sample (samples) of the ADC, as it isexpected to be used at a landfill, shall be collected andanalyzed as follows:6.4.1.1 The sample shall be prepared using the ToxicityCharacteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EPAMethod 1311.The resulting extract must be analyzed for the parameterscontained in 40
35、 CFR 261.24 and with the resulting concentra-tions compared to their corresponding EPA regulatory levels.D6826052Should any of the parameter concentrations in the TCLP testexceed EPAs regulatory levels, then The ADC shall not beallowed for use in landfills.6.4.1.2 The sample must be subjected to tot
36、al analysis for:(a) the eight RCRA metals, and aluminum, antimony, beryl-lium, nickel, sodium, and thallium using the appropriate testmethods for these metals contained in EPA Publication SW-846, latest edition; (b) volatile organic compounds using EPAMethod 8260; and (c) semi-volatile organic compo
37、unds usingEPA Method 8270.6.4.2 Leaching PotentialA representative sample(samples) of the ADC, as it is expected to be used at a landfill,shall be collected and analyzed as follows:6.4.2.1 To evaluate the leaching potential of the ADC, thesample shall be prepared using the Synthetic PrecipitationLea
38、ching Procedure (SPLP), EPA Method 1312. The extractprepared with this procedure shall then be analyzed for: (a) theeight RCRA metals, and aluminum, antimony, beryllium,nickel, sodium, and thallium using the appropriate test methodsfor these metals contained in EPA Publication SW-846, latestedition;
39、 (b) volatile organic compounds using EPA Method8260; and (c) semi-volatile organic compounds using EPAMethod 8270.6.5 Control of Disease Vectors, Blowing Litter, and Scav-enging:6.5.1 The control of disease vectors and blowing litter canbe evaluated by observation.6.5.2 Scavenging is controlled by
40、security procedures andother operating practices.7. Qualified Laboratories7.1 All tests required by this standard shall be conducted ataccredited laboratories.8. Keywords8.1 alternative daily cover; foams; landfill; slurriesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent r
41、ights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at a
42、ny time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
43、will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
44、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6826053
