1、Designation: D 6862 04Standard Test Method for90 Degree Peel Resistance of Adhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this test method is to provide for the determination of the resistance-to-peel strengthof adhesives when surfaces joined by an a
3、dhesive are separated by applying a force to one of thesurfaces at a 90 degree angle. The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds willdepend on the conditions under which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser, t
4、he bonding conditions shall be prescribed by themanufacturer of the adhesive. In order to ensure that complete information is available to theindividual conducting the tests, the manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values andother specific information for each of the following varia
5、bles:(1) Procedure for preparation of the surfaces prior to application of the surfaces prior to applicationof the adhesive, the cleaning and drying of surfaces, and special surface treatments, which are notspecifically limited by the pertinent test method.(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhe
6、sive.(3) Conditions for the application of the adhesive, including the rate of spread or thickness of thefilm, number of coats to be applied, whether to one or both of the surfaces, and the conditions ofdrying.(4) Assembly conditions before the application of pressure, including room temperature and
7、 lengthof time.(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time underpressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether thistemperature is that of the glue line or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be ma
8、intained.(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, includinglength of time and relative humidity.Range may be prescribed for any variable provided it is acceptable to both the manufacturer and thepurchaser of the adhesive.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cover
9、s the determination of theresistance-to-peel strength of an adhesive bond between onerigid adherend and one flexible adherend when tested at anangle of approximately 90 degrees under specified conditionsof preparation and testing.1.2 A variation in thickness of the adherends will generallyinfluence
10、test values. For this reason, the thickness of theadherends used to make the test specimens shall be specified inthe material specification. When no thickness is specified, theflexible adherend shall be 0.63 mm (0.025 in.) thick and therigid adherend shall be 1.63 mm (0.064 in.) thick.NOTE 1A heavy
11、fabric, such as canvas, has been used as a flexibleadherend.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
12、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14
13、.10 on WorkingProperties.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6862 03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
14、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 907 Terminology of AdhesivesE 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 177 Practice for Use of Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany of the definitions us
15、ed in this testmethod are defined in Terminology D 907.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of testing laminated or bondedadherends, where one adherend is rigid and the other adherendis flexible, by peeling of the flexible adherend from the rigidadherend at a 90 degree angle of pee
16、l using the test fixtureshown in Fig. 1 or an equivalent fixture that will perform thesame function.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful for acceptance and qualitycontrol testing. Adherends, application procedure, and sampleconditioning shall be as agreed upon by the manufacturer an
17、dthe user of the adherends and the adhesive.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall have a loadweighing system conforming to the requirements of PracticeE 4. It shall have the capability of constant Rate of Extension(CRE) with a crosshead speed range of 12.5 mm/min (0.5in./min) to 2
18、54 mm/min (10 in./min). The testing machine shallhave an adequate pen or computer response to record theforce-extension curve. Self-aligning grips shall be used to holdthe flexible adherent. The breaking load shall fall between 15and 85 % of the full scale load range. The grips need to engagethe out
19、er 25.4 mm (1 in.) of the flexible adherent firmly and,when load is applied, the direction of the applied force needs tobe through the center line of the grip assembly.6.2 Test FixtureThe test fixture will consist of a platformthat is smoothly driven horizontally at the same speed as thecrosshead mo
20、ves vertically, so that a 90 degree angle is2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Sample Tes
21、t ApparatusD6862042maintained between the flexible adherent and the fixed adher-ent. The platform shall have means for clamping the fixedadherent to the surface. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 37. Sample Preparation7.1 Laminated test panels (see Fig. 4) consist of twoadherends properly prepared and bonded toge
22、ther in accor-dance with the adhesive manufacturers recommendations or asrequired by a product performance specification.7.2 Bend the unbonded end of the flexible adherend perpen-dicular to the rigid adherend for clamping in the grip of thetesting machine. Test four specimens per aging condition.Typ
23、ical sample aging conditions call for testing of panels at 4h, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after assembly.NOTE 2Direct comparison of different adhesives may be made onlywhen specimen construction and test conditions are identical.NOTE 3A specimen width agreed upon by the manufacturer and usermay be us
24、ed, provided the test machine grip and peel test fixtures are ofample width to apply load uniformly across the width of the adherends.8. Test Method8.1 Insert the test specimen into the peel test fixture asshown in Fig. 3, with the unbonded end of the flexibleadherend gripped in the test machine jaw
25、. Peel the specimen ata constant crosshead speed of 254 mm/min (10 in./min). Othercrosshead speeds may be used as required by a particular testspecification or at a speed agreed upon by the manufacturer. Ifthe back up plate bends or is distorted during the test, it isrecommended that the specimen be
26、 redesigned with a back upmember stiff enough to ensure even peel.8.2 During the resistance-to-peel test, make an autographicrecording of load versus head movement (load versus distancepeeled).FIG. 2 Assembled Sample Test ApparatusD68620438.3 Record the load over at least a 7.6 cm (3 in.) separation
27、length of the bond line or as agreed to by the adhesivemanufacturer and the end user, disregarding the first 2.54 cm (1in.) of peel.9. Calculation9.1 Determine from the autographic curve or at least 76.2mm (3 in.) of peeling (disregarding the first 25.4 mm (1 in.),the average resistance-to-peel stre
28、ngth in kilonewtons permeter (pounds-force per inch) of the specimen width requiredto separate the adherends. The average may be calculated as theaverage of load readings taken at fixed increments of crossheadmotion. For example, load may be recorded at each 12.7 mm(0.5 in.) interval of adherend sep
29、aration until at least sixreadings have been attained.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, batch or lotnumber, form, etc.10.1.2 Complete identification of the adherends used, in-cludi
30、ng material thickness, surface preparation, and orienta-tion.10.1.3 Description of bonding process, including method ofapplication of adhesive, glueline thickness, press pressure andtime, assembly methods, drying or precuring conditions (whereapplicable), curing time, temperature, and relative humid
31、ity.10.1.4 The average wet film and dry film thickness of theadhesive layer shall be recorded, where possible. The methodof obtaining the thickness of the adhesive layer shall bedescribed including procedure, location of measurements, andrange of measurements.10.1.5 Complete description of the test
32、specimen, includingdimensions and construction of the test specimen, conditionsused for cutting individual test specimens, number of testpanels represented, and number of individual test specimens.10.1.6 Conditioning procedure prior to testing.10.1.7 Testing temperature.10.1.8 Type of test machine a
33、nd crosshead separation rateused.10.1.9 Method of recording load and determining averageload.10.1.10 Average, maximum, and minimum resistance-to-peel load values for each individual specimen.10.1.11 Average resistance-to-peel strength in kilonewtonsper meter (pounds-force per inch) of width for each
34、 combina-tion of materials and constructions under test.FIG. 3 Peel Test UnitD686204410.1.12 Type of failure, that is, cohesive failure within theadhesive or adherend or adhesion to the adherend, or combi-nation thereof, for each individual specimen.11. Precision and Bias311.1 The precision of this
35、test is a function of the propertiesof the cured bondline.11.2 The resistance-to-peel strength precision informationgiven in Table 1 is expressed in Kn/m and lbf/in. for theaverage of three 90 degree peel values determined for oneadhesive by two different laboratories at a cross head speed of1 inch
36、per minute and three different laboratories at 10 inchesper minute. The testing was performed for both carpet toplywood and duck cloth to plywood.11.2.1 The table was calculated using the relationship:95 % limit 5 2.8 3 standard deviation.11.3 The term repeatability and reproducibility limits areuse
37、d as specified in Practice E 177.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D141011.FIG. 4 Peel Test SampleTABLE 1 Resistance-to-Peel Precision InformationAverage Sr SrSE SR SRSE r R1 in. per min.Carpet to plywoodKn/m (lbf
38、/in.) 0.53 (3) 0.16 (0.9) 0.07 (0.42) 0.11 (0.6) 0.07 (0.42) 0.28 (1.6) 0.28 (1.6)Duck cloth to plywoodKn/m (lbf/in.) 0.88 (5) 0.16 (0.9) 0.11 (0.64) 0.28 (1.6) 0.20 (1.13) 0.46 (2.6) 0.79 (4.5)10 in. per min.Carpet to plywoodKn/m (lbf/in.) 2.28 (13) 0.26 (1.5) 0.15 (0.87) 0.30 (1.7) 0.17 (0.98) 0.7
39、4 (4.2) 0.84 (4.8)Duck cloth to plywoodKn/m (lbf/in.) 0.30 (17) 0.30 (1.7) 0.17 (0.98) 0.30 (1.7) 0.17 (0.98) 0.82 (4.7) 0.82 (4.7)where:Sr = repeatability standard deviationSR = reproducibility standard deviationr = 95 % repeatability limit (within a laboratory)R = 95 % reproducibility limit (betwe
40、en laboratories)SE = standard error of the mean = standard deviation/square root of number of labsD686204511.4 BiasNo information can be presented in the bias ofthe procedure in Test Method D 6862 for measuring adhesiveshear strength because no material having an accepted refer-ence value is availab
41、le.12. Keywords12.1 adhesives; assemblies; bonds; laminates; peelSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D14 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 6862 03) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Replaced text “peel strength,” “peel test,” and “peel load”to
42、 read “resistance-to-peel.”(2) Revised the Precision statement in Section 11.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validi
43、ty of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your commen
44、ts are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have no
45、t received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6862046
