1、Designation: D6868 11D6868 17Standard Specification forLabeling of End Items that Incorporate Plastics andPolymers as Coatings or Additives with Paper and OtherSubstrates Designed to be Aerobically Composted inMunicipal or Industrial Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D68
2、68; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapprov
3、al.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers end items that include plastics or polymers where plastic film/ sheet or polymers are incorporated(either through lamination, extrusion or mixing) to substrates and the entire end item is designed to be composted under aerobicconditions in municipal an
4、d industrial composting facilities, where thermophilic temperatures are achieved.1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of end items which use plastics or polymers ascoatings or binders, as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities.
5、”1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if end items (including packaging) which use plastics andpolymers as coatings or binders will compost satisfactorily, in large scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting wheremaximum throughput is a high priority and whe
6、re intermediate stages of plastic biodegradation should not be visible to the enduser for aesthetic reasons.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
7、use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent for this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminolog
8、y Relating to PlasticsD3715/D3715M Practice for Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive TapesD5338 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting Conditions,Incorporating Thermophilic TemperaturesD6002 Guide for Assessing the Compostability of Env
9、ironmentally Degradable Plastics (Withdrawn 2011)3D6400 Specification for Labeling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial FacilitiesD6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using RadiocarbonAnalysis2.2 Organiza
10、tion for Economic Development (OECD) Standard:OECD Guideline 208 Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test42.3 Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN):EN 13432 Packaging-Requirements for Packaging Recoverable through Composting and Biodegradation-Test Scheme andEvaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptance of P
11、ackaging51 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally DegradablePlastics and Biobased Products.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011March 15, 2017. Published February 2011March 2017. Origina
12、lly approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032011as D6868 - 03.D6868 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/D6868-11.10.1520/D6868-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume informatio
13、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2 rue Andr Pascal, F-75775, Paris Cedex 16, France, http:/www.oecd.
14、org.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version
15、. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section
16、 appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 14851 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous mediumMethod bymeasuring the ox
17、ygen demand in a closed respirometerISO 14852 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous mediumMethod byanalysis of evolved carbon dioxideISO 14855 Evaluation of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability and Disintegration of Plastics under Controlled Compo
18、stingConditions-Method by Analysis of Evolved Carbon DioxideISO 16929 Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under defined composting conditions in apilot-scale test2.5 Government Standard:40 CFR Part 503.13 Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge63. Terminolog
19、y3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions appearing in this specification are found in Terminology D883, unless otherwise noted.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 materials of natural origin, nChemically unmodified ligno-cellulosic packaging materials and constituents of naturalorigin, such
20、as wood, wood fibre, cotton fibre, starch, paper pulp or jute.3.3 Definition found in Terminology Practice D3715/D3715M:3.3.1 end itemthe actual product or commodity being sold under the material specification. It is in its most complete form andmay be either packed for shipping or at a production s
21、tage just preceding packing.3.3.1.1 DiscussionIn its most complete form, either packed for shipping or at a production stage just preceding packing.4. Classification4.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish requirements for identifying end items, where plastics or polymers are usedas a c
22、oating or incorporated into a substrate so that they do not interfere with their satisfactorily composting in commercial andmunicipal aerobic composting facilities. Products meeting the requirements outlined below should be labeled as “compostable inmunicipal or industrial aerobic composting facilit
23、ies” in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Federal Trade Commission7as long as proper qualifications as to the availability of such facilities are included on the label.”5. Basic Requirements5.1 In order to compost satisfactorily, an end item must demonstrate each of the characteristics fo
24、und in 5.1.1 5.1.3, and whichare quantified in Section 6.5.1.1 Disintegration During CompostingAn end item will disintegrate during composting such that any remaining residuals(plastic, polymer, or substrate) are not readily distinguishable from the other organic materials in the finished product.Ad
25、ditionally,the material or product must not be found in significant quantities during screening prior to final distribution of the compost.5.1.2 BiodegradationA level of biodegradation for the plastic coatings and additives shall be established by tests undercontrolled conditions.5.1.3 No Adverse Im
26、pacts on Ability of Compost to Support Plant GrowthAfter incorporation with soils, the end items shallnot adversely impact on the ability of composts to support plant growth, when compared to composts derived from biowastewithout any addition of tested end items or reference materials. Additionally,
27、 the polymeric products or other materials must notintroduce unacceptable levels of heavy metals or other toxic substances into the environment, upon sample decomposition.NOTE 2For a better understanding of why these criteria are important, the reader should consult Guide D6002, Compost Facility Ope
28、rating Guide,8and EN 13432.6. Detailed Requirements6.1 In order to be identified as compostable in municipal or industrial aerobic facilities, end items must pass the requirementsof 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 using the appropriate laboratory tests, representative of the conditions found in aerobic composting
29、 facilities,which reach thermophilic temperatures. End items (products and finished articles) shall be tested in the same form as they are6 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.g
30、ov.7 Guidelines for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC, 1992.8 Compost Facility Operating Guide, Composting Council, Alexandria, VA, 1995.D6868 172intended to be used. For end items that are made in multiple thicknesses or densities, such as films, co
31、ntainers and foams, onlythe thickest or most dense products need to be tested as long as the chemical composition and structure remains otherwise the same.It is assumed that thinner gauges and lower densities will also compost satisfactorily. Similarly, if additives are present in testsamples that p
32、ass testing, lower levels of the same additives are similarly passed.6.2 Disintegration During CompostingAn end item is considered to have demonstrated satisfactory disintegration if aftertwelve weeks in a controlled composting test, no more than 10 % of its original dry weight remains after sieving
33、 on a 2.0-mm sieve.The use of Test Method D5338, without the carbon dioxide-trapping component, or ISO 16929 are suitable methods of generatinglaboratory thermophilic composting conditions.6.3 BiodegradationAn end item, having a plastic coating(s) or additives are considered to have achieved a satis
34、factory levelof biodegradation if the criteria in 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 are met or exceeded.6.3.1 The plastic coating or polymeric additives must meet the requirements of subsection 6.3 of Specification D6400.6.3.2 Substrates used in the end item must individually satisfy the requirements of 6.3.2.1 or 6.
35、3.2.2, and 6.3.3.6.3.2.1 The substrates of the end item are to individually demonstrate that 90 % of the organic carbon is converted to carbondioxide using Test Method D5338 within a 180 days at 58C (62C), when compared to the positive control. The testing methodshall be Test Method D5338 unless it
36、is inappropriate for the type and properties of the material. As an alternative, onlyinternationally recognized standardized tests, which conclusively demonstrate biodegradability by means of microbial assimilationof the test materials shall be used, in particular ISO 14851:1999, ISO 14852:1999, and
37、 ISO 14855:1999.6.3.2.2 End items made of ligno-cellulosic substrates are permitted to fulfill the requirements of 6.3.2 by demonstrating that theyare “materials of natural origin” and therefore assumed to be biodegradable by showing that over 95 % of their carbon comes frombiobased resources, using
38、 D6866. Any polymers or additives derived from biobased sources that are blended with ligno-cellulosicsubstrates shall separately demonstrate that they meet the requirements of subsection 6.3 of Specification D6400, if they are morethan 1 % of the dry weight of the end item.6.3.3 Any organic constit
39、uent present in more than 1 % of the dry weight of the end item shall fulfill the biodegradationrequirements of subsection 6.3 of Specification D6400.6.3.3.1 The total portion of organic constitutents or additives that do not fulfill the requirements of 6.3.1 shall not exceed 5 %of the end item by w
40、eight.6.4 No Adverse Impacts on Ability of Compost to Support Plant GrowthIf an end item which incorporates a plastic or polymerfulfills the requirements in 6.4.1 and in 6.4.2 it will have demonstrated satisfactory terrestrial and aquatic safety.6.4.1 The end item shall have concentrations of heavy
41、metals less than 50 % of those prescribed in 40 CFR Part 503.13, and6.4.2 The germination rate and the plant biomass of the sample composts shall be no less than 90 % that of the correspondingblank composts for two different plant species following OECD Guideline 208 with the modifications found in
42、Annex E ofEN 13432.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be conducted as indicated in the specified test method.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Specimen preparation shall be in accordance with the specified test method.9. Marking and Labeling9.1 Marking and labeling shall conform to national and local regulation
43、s.10. Keywords10.1 biodegradable; compostable packaging; compostable plastic; composting; degradable plastics; labelingD6868 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D6868 - 11)that may impact the use of this standard.
44、(March 15, 2017)(1) Revised 3.3.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risko
45、f infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this s
46、tandard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake you
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48、tacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 174
