1、Designation: D6891 10aD6891 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVASpark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for sp
3、ark-ignition engines equippedwith an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicleoperation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured atseven locations around
4、each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wearmetal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metalconcentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessmen
5、t of the validity of the test results.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or singlesource equi
6、pment specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.
7、See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapo
8、r Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D35
9、25 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Sel
10、ected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)4E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Th
11、ermocouples2.2 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System51 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1,
12、2010May 1, 2013. Published November 2010June 2013. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD6891D6891 10a.10. DOI: 10.1520/D6891-10A.10.1520/D6891-13.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information l
13、etters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates all Information Lettersthrough No. 101.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
14、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.5 Available from The American Petroleum Insti
15、tute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accura
16、tely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
17、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 SAE Standards:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification6SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas Emissions Measurement62.4 ASME Standard:B46.1 Standard for Surface Texture (Surface Roughness
18、, Waviness, and Lay)72.5 JASO Standard:M 328-95 Valve-train Wear Test Procedure for Evaluating Automobile Gasoline Engine Oils82.6 CEC Standard:CEC-L-38-A-94 Peugeot TU-3M/KDX Valve-train Scuffing Wear Test93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nthat portion of the combustion products and unbu
19、rned air/fuel mixture that leaks past piston rings into theengine crankcase during operation.3.1.2 calibration test stand, na test stand on which the testing of reference material(s), conducted as specified in the standard,provided acceptable results. Sub. B Glossary103.1.2.1 DiscussionIn several au
20、tomotive lubricant standard test methods, theASTM Test Monitoring Center provides testing guidance and determinesacceptability.3.1.3 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.3.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities,
21、to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assessment length, nthe length of surface over which measurements are made.3.2.2 break-in, ninitial engine operation to reach
22、 stabilization of the engine performance after new parts are installed in theengine.3.2.3 cam lobe wear, nthe sum of the wear determined at the following locations (nose is zero location): (1) 14 cam degreesbefore the nose, (2) 10 before the nose, (3) 4 before the nose, (4) at the nose, (5) 4 after
23、the nose, (6) 10 after the nose, (7)14 after the nose.3.2.4 cam nose wear, nthe maximum linear deviation of a worn nose profile from the unworn profile; the nose is the high liftpoint on the particular cam lobe.3.2.5 flushing, nthe installation of a fresh charge of lubricant and oil filter for the p
24、urpose of running the engine to reduce andeliminate remnants of the previous oil charge.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFlushing may be carried out in an iterated process to ensure a more thorough process of reducing previous oil remnants.3.2.6 reference line, na deduced, leveled, straight line drawn on the profi
25、lometer graph, from the front unworn average edgeof a cam lobe to the rear unworn average edge of that cam lobe.3.2.7 valve-train, na mechanical engine subsystem comprised of the camshaft, the rocker arms, hydraulic lash adjusters, thepoppet valves, and valve-springs.3.2.8 wavenesstotal,nthe maximum
26、 excursion of the worn surface as graphically measured normal to the reference line.6 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.7 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Av
27、e., New York, NY 10016-5990.8 Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan.9 Available from the Coordinating European Council for the Development of Performance Tests Transportation Fuels, Lubes, and other Fluids, Madou Plaza , 25 FloorPlace,
28、 Madou B-1210, Brussels, Belgium.10 Available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.D6891 1324. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test Numbering SchemeUse the test numbering scheme shown below:AAAAABBBBBCCCCCAAAAArepresents the stand nu
29、mber. BBBBB represents the number of tests since the last calibration test on that stand. CCCCCrepresents the total number of Sequence IVA tests conducted on that stand. For example, 6-10-175 represents the 175th SequenceIVAtest conducted on test stand 6 and the tenth test since the last calibration
30、 test. Consecutively number all tests. Number the standcalibration tests beginning with zero for the BBBBB field. Multiple-length Sequence IVAtests are multiple runs for test numberingpurposes, such as double-length tests which are counted as two runs and triple-length tests which are counted as thr
31、ee runs. Forexample, if test 1-3-28 is a doubled-length test, number the next test conducted on that stand 1-5-30.4.2 Test EngineThis procedure uses a fired 1994 model Nissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389 L.2.389 L.11
32、,12 The engine features a single overhead camshaft withsliding follower rocker arms, with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, and hydraulic lash adjusters. The camshaftis not phosphate-coated or lubrited.4.3 Test StandCouple the test engine (devoid of alternator, cooling fan, water
33、 pump, clutch and transmission) to aneddy-current dynamometer for precise control of engine speed and torque. Specify the combined inertia of the driveline anddynamometer to ensure reproducible transient ramping of engine speed and torque. Control the intake air, provided to the engineair filter hou
34、sing, for temperature, pressure, and humidity. Mount the engine similar to its vehicle orientation (tilted up 5.5 in front;sideways 10 up on intake manifold side; bottom of oil sump horizontal). Modify the engine ECM wiring harness, sensors, andactuators. The test stand plumbing shall conform to the
35、 diagrams shown in Annex A3. Install the engine on a test stand equippedwith computer control of engine speed, torque, various temperatures, pressures, flows, and other parameters outlined in the testprocedure (see Section 11).4.4 Test SequenceAfter engine break-in or after the completion of a previ
36、ous test, install a new test camshaft and rocker arms.Charge the fresh test oil to the engine and conduct two flushes. After completing both flushes, drain the used oil, and weigh andinstall the fresh test oil and filter. Conduct the test for a total of 100 h, with no scheduled shutdowns. There are
37、two operatingconditions, Stage I and Stage II; Stage I for 50 min and Stage II for 10 min comprise one test cycle. The test length is 100 cycles.4.5 Analyses ConductedAfter test, measure the camshaft lobes using a surface profilometer. From these graphical profilemeasurements, determine the maximum
38、wear at seven locations on the cam lobe. Determine individual cam lobe wear by summingthe seven location wear measurements. Average the wear from the twelve cam lobes for the final, primary test result. After testcompletion, determine the oil consumption by the mass of used oil versus the fresh oil
39、charged to the engine (including oil filter).Analyze the end of test used oil for fuel dilution, kinematic viscosity, and wear metals. Retain a final drain sample of 1 L for 90days. Retain the camshaft and rocker arms for six months.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evalua
40、te automotive lubricantslubricants effect on controlling cam lobe wear foroverhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.NOTE 1This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.6. ApparatusNOTE 2Coordination w
41、ith the ASTM Committee D02, Subcommittee B, Sequence IVA Surveillance Panel is a prerequisite to the use of anyequivalent apparatus. However, the intent is to permit reasonable adaptation of existing laboratory facilities and equipment. Figures are providedthroughout the test method to suggest appro
42、priate design details and depict some of the required apparatus.6.1 Test EngineThis test method uses a fired 1994 model Nissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389 L.2.389 L.11,12. See Annex A2 for a parts lists. Nominal oil
43、 sumpvolume is 3.5 L. 3.5 L. The cylinder block is constructed of cast iron, while the cylinder head is aluminum. The engine featuresa single overhead camshaft with sliding follower rocker arms, with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, andhydraulic lash adjusters. The camshaft is n
44、ot phosphate-coated or lubrited. The rocker arm contact pad material is powdered metal.The engine compression ratio is 8.6 to 1. Rate the engine at 198 Nm torque at 4400 r/min. 4400 r/min. The ignition timing andmulti-port fuel injection system is ECM. Fuel the engine with a specially blended, non-d
45、etergent unleaded reference gasoline.Make the EGR non-operable.6.1.1 Engine Buildup and Measurement AreaThe ambient atmosphere of the engine buildup and measurement areas shall bereasonably free of contaminants and maintained at a uniform temperature. Maintain the specific humidity at a uniform leve
46、l to11 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Nissan North American, Inc., P.O. Box 191, Gardena, CA 90248-0191.12 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care
47、ful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D6891 133prevent the accumulation of rust on engine parts. Use uniform temperatures to ensure repeatable dimensional measurements. Usea sensitive surface profilometer instrument to measure the wear of the cam
48、 lobes, and place the profilometer on a base-plate freeof external vibrations.6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe laboratory ambient atmosphere shall be reasonably free of contaminants and general windcurrents, especially if and when the valve-train parts are installed while the engine remains in the ope
49、rating area. The temperatureand humidity level of the operating area is not specified.6.1.3 Parts Cleaning AreaThis test method does not specify the ambient atmosphere of the parts cleaning area(WarningUse adequate ventilation in areas while using solvents and cleansers).6.2 External Engine ModificationsModify the test engine for the valve-train wear test. Make the exhaust gas recirculationnon-operable. Disable the swirl control actuator. Disable the fast idle system and the auxiliary air control (AAC) valve. Replacethe engine coolant t
