1、Designation: D6958 03 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Methods forEvaluating Side-Bonding Potential of Wood Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe an evaluation procedure forthe determination of undesirable side-bonding of coatings fo
3、rwood flooring. They provide two mechanical properties testsfor the quantitative determination of the cohesive strength ofwood coatings (tensile and lap shear); they also provide a woodfloor simulation test for the qualitative determination of side-bonding potential of wood coatings.1.2 The values s
4、tated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD2370 Test Method
6、 for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-ingsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization andCalibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters2.2 British Standards:3B.S. 1204 British Standard Test for Synthetic Resin Adhe-sives2.3 Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association (MFMA):4Guide Specification for Do
7、uble Plywood Floor SystemGuide Specification for Sleeper and Sleeper with PlywoodFloor Systems2.4 Wood Flooring Manufacturers Association (NOFMA):5Cracks in Hardwood Floors2.5 National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA):6Hardwood Floors Trouble Shooting Manual3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Defini
8、tions used in these test methods are in accor-dance with terminology used in Terminology D9.Afew relatedterms not covered in these test methods are as follows:3.1.2 panelizationadjacent boards acting as a compositepanel instead of individual strips when subjected to changes intemperature and humidit
9、y as well as other site conditions.3.1.3 panelization failurethe condition where localizedexcessive gaps beyond specified limits develop between somestrip flooring boards due to panelization.3.1.4 percent wood failurethe rupturing of wood fibers instrength tests on bonded specimens usually expressed
10、 as thepercentage of total area involved, which shows such failure.The inverse of adhesive failure.3.1.5 side-bondingthe bonding of adjacent strips of woodflooring caused by the floor coating resulting in panelization.This is one possible cause of panelization failure.3.1.6 side-bonding wood failure
11、the failure of the woodwithin a strip, as in classic wood failure, when the movementof the strip within the floor is restrained from moisture-relatedmovement by excessive side-bonding. In this situation, thetoughness or “work-to-break” of the side-bonding is sufficientto overcome the tensile strengt
12、h perpendicular to the grain ofthe wood strip.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods and Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originallyapprove
13、d in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6958 03 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/D6958-03R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
14、 Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4Available from the Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association, Inc. (MFMA),111 Deer Lake Road, Suite 100, Deerfield, IL 60015, http:/www.maplefloor.org.5Availa
15、ble from the Wood Flooring Manufacturers Association (NOFMA),formerly known as the National Oak Flooring Manufacturers Association, 22 N.Front Street, Suite 1080, Memphis, TN 38103, http:/www.nofma.org.6Available from the National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA), 111 Ches-terfield Industrial Boulev
16、ard, Chesterfield, MO 63005, http:/www.woodfloors.orgCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.7 tensile stress (nominal)as used in Test MethodD2370, the load per original unit area at which a specimen failsor yields in a te
17、nsion (pull) test.SECTION IMECHANICAL PROPERTIES TESTSTEST METHOD AMAPLE BLOCK TENSILESTRENGTH TEST4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method was originally designed as a means ofquantitatively measuring the level of adhesion of the wood-wood interface caused by a wood coatings system applied tothe
18、 substrate. The tensile test is useful in measuring bondingstrength of coatings, such as gymnasium coatings, in which thewood strip flooring primarily expands or contracts in responseto changes across the cross-sectional width of the strip floor.4.2 This test method was further designed as a means o
19、fmeasuring the side-bonding potential of wood coating systems.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensile Tester, of the constant rate of jaw separationtype, equipped with load cells having capacities of 100 to 1000lb (445 to 4452 N), and equipped with an indicating devicesuch as an electronic constant speed chart reco
20、rder, a digitaldevice that displays numerical values, or a printer that recordsthe numerical values and suitably sized grips to hold the testspecimens in place during testing. The machine must becapable of maintaining a cross head velocity during testing of0.1 in./min (2.54 mm/min), and if using a s
21、trip chart recorder,a chart speed during testing of 10 in./min (254 mm/min).5.2 Clamp Assembly, capable of holding assembled testspecimen and maintaining a clamp pressure of 100 psi (690kPa).5.3 Moisture Meter, meeting the requirements of TestMethod D4444.5.4 Foam Polybrushes, 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.6
22、. Procedure6.1 Material for testing shall be #2 or better, MFMAcertified hard maple (Acer saccharum) tongue and groove stripflooring, 214 6 0.03 in. (57.2 6 0.8 mm) in width by2532 60.01 in. (19.8 6 0.3 mm) in thickness.6.2 Test stock shall be prepared by cutting off the tongueand planing the edge s
23、mooth. Blocks for testing shall be cut toa length of 3.00 6 0.01 in. (76.2 6 0.3 mm).6.3 Test blocks shall be conditioned at 75 6 5F (24 6 3C)and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of seven days.These conditions equate to an equilibration moisture content(EMC) of 9 % (see X1.3). After equilibr
24、ating, use a moisturemeter to determine the EMC of all test blocks, calculate andreport the average EMC.6.4 A minimum of twenty test blocks shall be used toprepare a minimum of ten assemblies for testing of eachcoating to be evaluated (see Fig. 1).6.5 Test assemblies consist of two test blocks “edge
25、-glued”using the floor coating as an adhesive (see Fig. 1). The coatingto be evaluated shall be applied using a polybrush to thesmooth edge of both test blocks at a rate of 500 6 5ft2/gal(12.3 6 0.1 m2/L) or as specified by the coating manufacturer.After a 5 min open time the test block pairs shall
26、be assembledby placing the coated surfaces together and clamping the jointat 100 psi (690 kPa) pressure. Test assemblies shall remainclamped for a minimum of 48 h.6.6 Test assemblies shall be cured at 75 6 5F (24 6 3C)and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of seven daysincluding the clamp time
27、. After equilibrating, use a moisturemeter to determine the EMC of all test assemblies, andcalculate the average EMC.6.7 Measure and record the length and width of the testassembly to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm). Calculate the testarea of each test assembly.6.8 Test assemblies shall be secured in
28、a test machine (seeFig. 2) and pulled apart in tension at a rate of 0.1 in./min (2.54mm/min).6.9 Record the ultimate load, location of failure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface, within wood), anestimate of the percent wood failure and the average EMC.7. Report7.1 Report the number o
29、f samples tested, the location offailure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface,within wood), an estimate of the percent wood failure, and theaverage EMC.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Until sufficient data are available as a result of perform-ing these tests, no specific precision and bias st
30、atement can beexpressed.TEST METHOD BMAPLE STRIP LAP SHEAR TEST9. Significance and Use9.1 This test method was originally designed as a means ofquantitatively measuring the level of adhesion of the wood-wood bond interface caused by a wood coatings system appliedto the substrate. The lap shear test
31、is useful for measuringbonding strength of coatings used on parquet or other similartypes of flooring, where longitudinal movement of the flooringis a concern (for example, the shear force as the individualwood pieces slide past each other).9.2 This test method was further designed as a means ofmeas
32、uring the side-bonding potential of wood coating systems.10. Apparatus10.1 Tensile Tester, of the constant rate of jaw separationtype, equipped with load cells having capacities of 100 to 1000lb (445 to 4452 N), and equipped with an indicating devicesuch as an electronic constant speed chart recorde
33、r, a digitaldevice that displays numerical values, or a printer that recordsthe numerical values as well as suitably sized grips to hold thetest specimens in place during testing. The machine must beD6958 03 (2014)2capable of maintaining a cross head velocity during testing of0.1 in./min (2.54 mm/mi
34、n), and if using a strip chart recordera chart speed during testing of 10 in./min (254 mm/min).10.2 Clamp Assembly, capable of holding assembled testspecimen and maintaining a clamp pressure of 100 psi (690kPa).10.3 Moisture Meter, meeting the requirements of TestMethod D4444.10.4 Foam Polybrushes,
35、1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.11. Procedure11.1 Material for testing shall be #2 or better, MFMAcertified hard maple (Acer saccharum) tongue and groove stripflooring, 214 6 0.03 in. (57.2 6 0.8 mm) in width by2532 60.01 in. (19.8 6 0.3 mm) in thickness.11.1.1 Test stock shall be prepared by cutting off the t
36、ongueand planing the edge smooth. Strips for testing shall be planedfrom this test stock to a width of 1.0 6 0.01 in. (25.4 6 0.3mm), a length of 4.5 6 0.01 in. (114 6 0.3 mm) and athickness, 0.125 6 0.006 in. (3.18 6 0.15 mm) (see AppendixX2).11.1.2 Test strips shall be conditioned at 75 6 5F (24 6
37、3C) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of sevendays. These conditions equate to an EMC of 9 % (see X1.3).After equilibrating, use a moisture meter to determine the EMCof all test strips, and calculate the average EMC.11.1.3 A minimum of twenty test strips shall be used toprepare a minimum
38、of ten assemblies for testing of eachcoating to be evaluated (see Fig. 3).11.1.4 Test assemblies consist of two test strips “face-glued” using the floor coating as an adhesive. The coating to beevaluated shall be applied using a polybrush on a one-inchoverlap test area on the ends of the test strips
39、 at a rate of 1506 5ft2/gal (3.7 6 0.1 m2/L) or as specified by the coatingmanufacturer (see Fig. 3).After a 5 min open time the test strippairs shall be assembled by placing the coated surfacestogether and clamping the joint at 100 psi (690 kPa) pressure.Test assemblies shall remain clamped for a m
40、inimum of 48 h(see Figs. 4 and 5).11.1.5 Test assemblies shall be cured at 75 6 5F (24 63C) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of sevendays including the clamp time. After equilibrating, use amoisture meter to determine the EMC of all test assemblies,calculate and report the average EMC.11
41、.1.6 Measure and record the length and width of the testarea to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.3 mm). Calculate the test area ofeach test assembly.11.1.7 Test assemblies shall be secured in a test machine(see Fig. 2) and pulled apart in tension at a rate of 0.1 in./min(2.54 mm/min).11.1.8 Record the ultima
42、te load, location of failure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface, within wood), anestimate of the percent wood failure and the average EMC.FIG. 1 Test Method A, Maple Block Tensile Strength Test-Test Blocks (top), Test Assembly (bottom)D6958 03 (2014)312. Report12.1 Report the number
43、of samples tested, the location offailure (coating-coating interface, coating-wood interface,within wood), an estimate of the percent wood failure, theaverage EMC and the average shear strength.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Until sufficient data are available as a result of per-forming these analyses,
44、no specific precision and bias require-ments can be expressed.SECTION IITEST METHOD CFLOOR SIMULATION TEST14. Significance and Use14.1 This test method was designed as a means of qualita-tively measuring the side-bonding potential of wood coatingsystems. The flooring simulation test is helpful in gi
45、ving avisualization of the significance of the tensile/lap shear strengthnumbers generated. Dependent on the specific end use of thecoating, other flooring types, for example, plank, parquet,could also be evaluated under this test method.15. Apparatus15.1 Moisture Meter, meeting the requirements of
46、TestMethod D4444.15.2 Face Nailing Machine, capable of face nailing 2 in.(50.8 mm) nail cleats.15.3 Side Nailing Machine, capable of nailing 2 in. (50.8mm) nail cleats into tongue and groove 214 in. (57.2 mm) wide,2532 in. (19.8 mm) thick, maple strip flooring.15.4 Foam Polybrushes, 2 in. (50.8 mm)
47、wide.15.5 120-Grit Sandpaper.15.6 Test Panels, (prepared as described in Section 16).FIG. 2 Assembly Secured in Testing MachineD6958 03 (2014)4FIG. 3 Test Method B, Maple Strip Lap Shear Test-Test Strips (top), Test Assembly (bottom)FIG. 4 Front View of Clamp AssemblyD6958 03 (2014)516. Floor Simula
48、tion Test Panels16.1 The panel design (see Fig. 6), simulates the installationpattern observed on most gymnasium floors. Informationregarding the installation of wood floors may be found in theMFMA publications Guide Specification for Double PlywoodFloor System and Guide Specification for Sleeper an
49、d Sleeperwith Plywood Floor Systems.16.2 Side-Bonding Test Panel Design:16.2.1 Test panels shall be constructed using two pieces ofplywood2332 by 18 by 36 in. (18.3 by 457 by 914 mm) ExteriorGrade A/C) and maple gymnasium flooring boards (214 in.(57.2 mm) wide,2532 in. (19.8 mm) thick; cut to 6 in. (152mm), 8 in. (203 mm), 10 in. (254 mm), 12 in. (305 mm), 14 in.(356 mm) lengths as necessary to assemble the panels as shownFIG. 5 Side View of Clamp AssemblyFIG. 6 Nailing Pattern for Maple Strip FlooringD6958 03 (2014)6in Fig. 6; No.
