1、Designation: D 7056 07Standard Test Method forDetermining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-FabricatedBituminous Geomembrane Seams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method presents the procedures used fordetermining the quality of prefabricated bitumin
3、ous geomem-brane (PBGM) bonded seams subjected to a shear test. Itdescribes a destructive quality control test used to determinethe integrity of PBGM seams.1.2 This test procedure is intended for PBGM only.1.3 The type of thermal field seaming technique used toconstruct PBGM seams include the follow
4、ing.1.3.1 Torch-onThis technique melts two PBGM surfacesto be seamed by running a flame from a propane torch betweenthem. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM,forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.1.3.2 Hot AirThis technique introduces high-temperatureair or gas
5、between two PBGM surfaces to facilitate melting.Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM,forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
6、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof Geo
7、syntheticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geo-synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.2 geosynthetic, na pla
8、nar product manufactured frombitumen or polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth orother geotechnical engineering related material as an integralpart of a man-made project, structure or system.3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile material used infoundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other
9、geotechnical engi-neering related material, as an integral part of a man madeproject, structure, or system.3.1.4 Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane (PBGM),na material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally ofnon-woven polyester textile, impregnated by a blend of oxi-dized or polymer-modi
10、fied bitumen incorporating filler.3.1.5 Quality assurance, nall planned and systematicactions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an itemor a facility will perform satisfactorily in service.3.1.6 Quality control, nthe operational techniques and theactivities, which sustain a quality of mat
11、erial, product, system,or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of suchtechniques and activities.4. Significance and Use4.1 The use of PBGM as barrier materials to restrict liquidmigration from one location to another in soils has created aneed for a standard test method to evaluate th
12、e quality ofPBGM seams. In the case of PBGM, it has become evident thatseams can exhibit separation in the field under certain condi-tions. Although this is an index type test method used forquality assurance and quality control purposes, it is alsointended to provide the quality assurance engineer
13、with suffi-cient seam shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording andreporting data will allow the quality assurance engineer to take1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current e
14、dition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 7056 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
15、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.measures necessary to ensure the repair of seams with unac-ceptable strength during facility construction, and ther
16、efore,minimize the potential for seam separation in service.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirementsoutlined in Test Method D 638.5.2 Grip FacesGrip faces shall be a minimum of 50 mm(2 in.) wide and a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) in length. Smoothrubber, fine serrated or coars
17、e serrated grip faces have all beenfound to be suitable for testing PBGM. If needed, the use of asilicone-coated paper to help holding the PBGM specimenends into the grips is recommended The silicone-coated side isto be used in contact with the PBGM specimen (see Fig. 1).6. Sample and Specimen Prepa
18、ration6.1 Seam SamplesCut a portion of the fabricated seamsample from the installed PBGM in accordance with theproject specifications. It is recommended that the cutoutsample be a minimum of 0.5 m (1.65 ft) wide and a minimum0.6 m (2 ft) in length with the seam centered in the middle.6.2 Specimen Pr
19、eparationPrepare five (5) specimensfrom each sample. The specimens shall be rectangular and 506 0.5 mm (2 6 0.02 in.) wide. The length of the specimenshall be at least 200 mm (8 in.) greater than the width of theseam. Specimens shall be cut such that the seam is perpen-dicular to the longer dimensio
20、n of the strip specimen.6.3 ConditioningSamples shall be conditioned for 24 h at21 6 2C (70 6 4F) at a relative humidity of 30 % to 55 %.If the relative humidity is between 55 % and 70 %, the samplesshall be conditioned for 48 h. The samples shall be conditionedflat and shielded from the sun.7. Proc
21、edure7.1 Shear TestingFully support the test specimen withinthe grips across the width of the specimen. Secure the grips 506 2.5 mm (2 6 0.1 in.) from each side of the start of the seam.Subject specimens to the shear test (see Fig. 2) using a constantmachine crosshead speed of 50 6 2.5 mm (2 6 0.1 i
22、n.)/min.The test is complete when the specimen has ruptured.8. Report8.1 The report shall include the following information:8.1.1 Report test temperature and humidity.8.1.2 Report the cross head speed used during shear testing.8.1.3 Report each individual specimen width.8.1.4 Report each individual
23、specimen seam length.8.1.5 Report each individual specimen maximum load val-ues. If the shear specimen does not rupture, report theelongation at the maximum cross-head travel limitation.8.1.6 Report the average and standard deviation of themaximum load values.8.1.7 Report any other operating detail,
24、 as well as anypossible incident.8.1.8 If requested, report the maximum shear stress. Thiscalculation will require an accurate measurement of thicknessfor each specimen. These measurements should be made inaccordance with Test Method D 5199 for PBGM.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision3The precision o
25、f this test method is basedon an Interlaboratory study of Test Method D 7056-04 con-ducted in 2005. Each of ten laboratories tested three differentmaterials. Each laboratory obtained three replicate test resultsfor each material. After individual laboratory issues wereaddressed, the data set analyze
26、d consisted of (at a minimum)replicate information from at least six laboratories for each ofthe three materials, therefore this study meets the basic criteriaset forth in Practice E 691.9.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ b
27、y morethan the “r” value for that material; “r” is the intervalrepresenting the critical difference between two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results should be judgednot eq
28、uivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for that3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D35:1010 .FIG. 1 Zoom of the use of silicone-coated paperFIG. 2 Shear testingD7056072material; “R” is the interval repre
29、senting the difference be-tween two test results for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different labo-ratories. See Table 1.9.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state-ments would have an approximate 95% probability of beingcorrect.9.2 BiasAt th
30、e time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias can be made.9.3 The precision statement was determined through statis-tical examination of results from six laboratories reporting 3replicates each for M
31、aterials A and C, and seven laboratoriesreporting 3 replicates each for Material B.10. Keywords10.1 geomembrane; bituminous; PBGM; prefabricatedseam; shear; destructiveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin t
32、his standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must
33、be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of there
34、sponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
35、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Summary StatisticsMaterial Average RepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitsrsRrRA 16.1109 1.0854 1.4109 3.0392 3.9506B 25.5642 1.2396 2.7414 3.4708 7.6759C 19.0560 0.5940 1.2260 1.6631 3.4328D7056073
