1、Designation: D7063/D7063M 11D7063/D7063M 17Standard Test Method forEffective Porosity and Effective Air Voids of CompactedBituminous Paving Asphalt Mixture Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7063/D7063M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of effective poro
3、sity or effective air voids of compacted mixtures by the use ofa vacuum sealing method.1.2 This method can be used for compacted field and laboratory bituminous pavingasphalt mixture samples, as well as othercompacted samples with well defined well-defined geometrical shapes, such as concrete cylind
4、ers, cored rocks, and metal samples.1.3 The results of this test method can be used to determine the degree of interconnectivity of air voids within a sample andcan be correlated to permeability of compacted bituminous paving asphalt mixture samples.1.4 A multi-laboratory precision and bias statemen
5、t for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, thisstandard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsyste
6、m may not be exact equivalent; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These no
7、tes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate sa
8、fety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Sta
9、ndards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and PavementsD979D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD3666 Specificati
10、on for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD5361/D5361M Practice for Sampling Compacted Asphalt Mixtures for Labora
11、tory TestingD7227/D7227M Practice for Rapid Drying of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Vacuum Drying ApparatusE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodD5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mixtures for Laboratory Testing3. T
12、erminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D8.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on SpecificGravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edi
13、tion approved on June 1, 2011June 15, 2017. Published July 2011June 2017. Originally published in 2005. Last approved in 20052011 as D7063D7063/D7063M 11.05DOI: 10.1520/D7063_D7063M-11. DOI: 10.1520/D7063_D7063M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to
15、 the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyrigh
16、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 In this test method, a compacted sample is vacuum sealed inside a plastic bag. The density of the sample, SG1, is calculatedusing a water displacement method, with the
17、 sample sealed. With the sample still in water, the bag is cut open. Since the sampleis under vacuum and the air voids are evacuated, water will rush in to fill all the water accessible water-accessible air voids in thecompacted sample. With the saturated weight of sample known, an apparent maximum
18、density, SG2, can be calculated. Thedifference between SG2 and SG1 is the measure of the amount of water that has penetrated the compacted sample. This differencecan be used to determine the fraction of total number of voids that are accessible to water, Effective Percent Porosity or PercentEffectiv
19、e Air Voids.effective percent porosity or percent effective air voids.4.2 The results obtained from this method can be used to determine the percentage of total air voids in a compacted sample thatcan be filled with water through surface or interconnected paths within the sample. In general, Effecti
20、ve Percent Porosityeffectivepercent porosity should be less than total percent air voids.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and thecapability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencie
21、s that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capableof competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone doesnot completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on ma
22、ny factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similaracceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.4.3 This method can be used for 100 mm and 150 mm100-mm 4-in. and 150-mm 6-in. diameter cylindrical samples andcubical samples.5. Appa
23、ratus5.1 Balance, with ample capacity, and with sufficient sensitivity to enable bulk specific gravity of specimens to be calculatedto at least four significant figures, that is, to at least three decimal places. It shall be equipped with a suitable apparatus3 to permitweighing the specimen while it
24、 is suspended in water. The balance shall conform to Guide D4753 as a class GP2 balance.NOTE 2Since there are no more significant figures in the quotient (bulk specific gravity) than appear in either the dividend (the mass of the specimenin air) or in the divisor (the volume of the specimen, obtaine
25、d from the difference in mass of the specimen in air and in water), this means that the balancemust have a sensitivity capable of providing both mass and volume values to at least four figures. For example, a sensitivity of 0.1 g 0.00022 lb wouldprovide four significant figures for the determination
26、 of a mass in the range from 130.0 to 999.9 g 0.29 to 2.20 lb 2.20 lb when the specific gravityis 2.300.5.2 Water Bath, with minimum dimensions (Length(length Widthwidth Depth)depth) of 610 by 460 by 460 mm 24 by18 by 18 in. or a large cylindrical container with a minimum diameter of 460 mm 460 mm a
27、nd depth of 460 mm 18 by 18in., for completely submerging the specimen in water while suspended, equipped with an overflow outlet for maintaining aconstant water level and temperature controls to maintain the water temperature at 25 6 1 C 1 C 77 6 2 F.NOTE 3It is preferable to keep the water tempera
28、ture constant by using a temperature controlled temperature-controlled heater. Also, to reduce thechance for the bag to touch the sides of the water tank, it is preferable to elevate the water tank to a level at which the sample can be placed on theweighing mechanism while the operator is standing u
29、p (waist height), and the placement of the sample and the bag in the water tank can easily beinspected.5.3 Cushioned holder,Holder, for water displacement of the sample, having no sharp edges.NOTE 4To avoid accidental puncture of the plastic bags in the water bath, plastic coated plastic-coated cush
30、ioned holders have been found to workwell for this test method.5.4 Vacuum Chamber, with a pump capable of evacuating a sealed and enclosed chamber to a pressure of 6 mm Hg 6 Torr,6 Torr, when at sea level. The chamber shall be large enough to test samples 150 mm 6 in. wide by 350 mm 14 in. long by15
31、0 mm 6 in. thick. The device shall automatically seal the plastic bag and exhaust air back into the chamber in a controlledmanner to ensure proper conformance of the plastic to the specimen. The air exhaust and vacuum operation time shall be set atthe factory so that the chamber is brought to atmosp
32、heric pressure in 80 to 125 seconds,s, after the completion of the vacuumoperation . operation. The vacuum system shall be provided with a latch to control the chamber door opening.5.5 A Vacuum Measurement Gage, independent of the vacuum sealing device that could be placed directly inside the chambe
33、rto verify vacuum performance and the chamber door sealing condition of the unit. The gage shall be capable of reading down to3 mm Hg 3 Torr and readable to 1 mm Hg 1 Torr.5.6 Plastic Bags, used with the vacuum device shall be one of the two following sizes. The smaller bags shall have a minimumopen
34、ing of 235 mm 9.25 in. and maximum opening of 260 mm 10.25 in.in., and the larger bags shall have a minimum openingof 375 mm 14.75 in. and a maximum opening of 394 mm 15.5 in. The bags shall be of plastic material that will not adhereto asphalt film, is puncture resistant, is capable of withstanding
35、 sample temperatures of up to 70C 158,70 C 158 F, is3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus and the method known to the committee at this time is InstroTek, Inc., Raleigh, NC. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will rece
36、ive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which youmay attend.D7063/D7063M 172impermeable and contains no air channels for evacuation of air from the bag. The bags shall have a minimum thickness of 0.127mm 0.005 in. and maximum thickness of 0.178 mm 0.007 in. Th
37、e apparent specific gravity for the bags shall be provided bythe manufacturer for each bag shipment. The apparent specific gravities provided for each size bag shall account for the differentsample weights and bag weight used during testing.5.7 Specimen Sliding Plate, used within the chamber for red
38、uction of friction on the plastic bags.5.8 Bag Cutting Bag-Cutting Knife, or scissors.5.9 Thermometer, readable to 1 C 2 F.6. Verification6.1 System Verification:6.1.1 The vacuum settings of the device shall be verified once every three months, after major repairs, and after each shipmentor relocati
39、on.6.1.2 Place the gage inside the chamber and record the setting. The gage shall indicate a pressure of 6 mm Hg 6 TORR 6 Torror less. The unit should not be used if the gage reading is above 6 mm Hg 6 TORR.Torr.6.1.3 Vacuum gage used for verification shall be verified for accuracy once every three
40、years.NOTE 5On line vacuum gages, while capable of indicating vacuum performance of the pump, are not suitable for use in enclosed vacuum chambersand can not accurately measure vacuum levels.7. Sampling7.1 Test specimens shall be molded from laboratory prepared laboratory-prepared samples or taken f
41、rom the pavement in thefield. Obtain field samples in accordance with PracticePractices D979D979/D979M and D5361D5361/D5361M.8. Test Specimen8.1 It is recommended, (1) that the diameter of cylindrically molded or cored specimens, or the length of the sides of sawedspecimens be at least equal to four
42、 times the maximum size of the aggregate; and (2) that the thickness of specimens be at leastone and one half one-half times the maximum size of the aggregate. Pavement specimens are to be taken by such means as coring,sawing of blocks, and so forth.8.2 Take care to avoid distortion, bending, or cra
43、cking of specimens during and after removal from pavement or mold. Storespecimens in a safe, cool place.8.3 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials,materials such as sealcoat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil.When any of these materials areis visually evident, theyit shall b
44、e removed. Sealcoat or tackcoat, or both, may be removed bysawing the bottom or the top faces, or both, of the sample.8.4 If desired, separate specimens from other pavement layers by sawing or other suitable means.8.5 Use a brush or a soft sanding block to break sharp edges around the top and bottom
45、 corners of the sample.9. Procedure9.1 Set the vacuum chamber to operate at a pressure of 6 mm 6 mm Hg 6 Torr for a minimum of 5 minutesmin.9.2 Mass of Unsealed Specimen:9.2.1 Laboratory Prepared Laboratory-Prepared SpecimensDetermine the mass of the specimen after it has cooled to roomtemperature.
46、Designate this mass as A.9.2.2 Cores and Specimens Containing MoistureDry the specimen to constant mass. Designate this mass as A. Constant massis defined as less than 0.05 % change in mass between consecutive drying intervals.NOTE 6For accurate porosity determination, specimen should not be dried i
47、n the oven at temperatures above 30 C 85F. 30 C 85 F. Oven dryingwill damage sample integrity. Vacuum drying method (Practice D7227/D7227M) for drying specimens is ideal for this test method.9.3 Mass of Sealed Specimen:9.3.1 Select an appropriate size bag. For all 100 mm 4 in. 100-mm 4-in. diameter
48、samples and samples with 150 mm 6 in.150-mm 6-in. diameter and less than 50 mm 2 in. 50-mm 2-in. thickness, use the bag with smaller opening size as specifiedin 4.65.6. For 150 mm 6 in. 150-mm 6-in. samples with greater than 50 mm 2 in. 50-mm 2-in. thickness, use the largeropening size bags as speci
49、fied in 4.65.6. For samples that weigh more than 5500 g 12.13 lb, use manufacturers recommendationfor appropriate bag size and configuration.NOTE 7Protect the bag during storage. Rough handling, storing in proximity to sharp objects such as tools, aggregate, or inside drawers will damagethe plastic bag. Refer to manufacturers recommendation for handling and safe storage.9.3.2 Inspect the bag for holes or irregularities, record the mass of the bag and place the bag
