1、Designation: D7072 04 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forEvaluating Accelerated Efflorescence of Latex Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the degree towhich a latex paint resists the formation of efflorescence anda
3、lkali burnout on the exposed paint surface.1.2 This practice is designed primarily to relate efflores-cence originating in the substrate to the deposit appearing onthe surface of latex paints. This practice relates chiefly to thepainting of masonry-type substrates such as concrete block,brick, morta
4、r, stucco, poured concrete and similar materials.1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values in parenthesis are for information only.1.4 This method does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof whoever
5、 uses this standard to consult and establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1734 Practice for Makin
6、g Cementitious Panels for TestingCoatingsD4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled CondensationD5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-ation3. Terminology (Specific to this Practice)3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 efflorescence
7、, nthe deposition of soluble salts on theexposed paint surface. Efflorescence is characterized by a lightcolored, nonuniform, powdery incrustation which detractsfrom the paint film appearance. The discoloration occurs whensoluble salts in the substrate or paint migrate to the surface bythe leaching
8、and evaporating action of the water carrier. Theefflorescence originating within the substrate is that with whichthis method is concerned.3.1.2 alkali burnout, nthe premature fading or decompo-sition of paints that are sensitive to the high pH of the substrate.The high alkaline content of the substr
9、ate can alter the color.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Panels known to have a level of salts capable of beingeasily and quickly transported to the paint surface are used.Since tinted paints show the efflorescence most clearly, allwhite paints should be tinted before application. The panel isplaced face d
10、own over the surface of the test chamber whichcontains heated water, so that moisture condenses and remainson the painted surface of the panel for a period of 48 h. Afterdrying at ambient conditions, the panels are rated for thedegree of efflorescence which has formed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Late
11、x paints are sometimes applied over substrates thatcontain a high level of water soluble salts that result inefflorescence. This practice evaluates a coatings vulnerabilityto efflorescence.6. Apparatus6.1 Condensation Test ChamberAs described in PracticeD4585.6.2 Test SubstrateFiber-cement siding3or
12、 a substrateagreed upon by the purchaser and seller. The substrate sizewould depend on the number of test paints.6.3 White Portland Cement and Graded Standard Sand (asdescribed in Practice D1734).6.4 Trowel (as described in Practice D1734).6.5 Paint BrushNylon/polyester brush of good quality.6.6 Ele
13、ctronic Scale capable of 0.1 g.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and RelatedCoatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved on July 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Origina
14、llyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7072 04 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/D7072-04R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Hardieplank, a registered trademark of James Hardie, was found to beacceptable but others may be used.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Reagents and Materials7.1 Control Pai
16、nt(s) (preferably tinted)The use of twocontrols (a pass and fail) may help gage the performance of thetest paints.7.2 Test Paints (preferably tinted)Since there are nostandard panels, photographs, or paints for this test method, anagreed-upon control paint should be included as one of the testpaints
17、.7.3 Using identical or similar tints for control(s) and testpaints may aid in relative evaluation of different formulations.7.4 If the goal is to evaluate alkali burnout, usually brightorganic colors will be more susceptible.8. Procedure8.1 Mix the cement : sand : water in the ratio as describedin
18、Practice D1734. Apply the mix approximately 6 mm (14 in.)thick over the fiber-cement siding using a trowel. Allow thepanels to dry for 24 h or as agreed upon by the purchaser andseller. Divide substrate into strips at least 150 mm (6 in.) wideor as agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller and lab
19、el theback of each test area with the paint designation. The controlpaint should be placed near the middle of the panel.8.2 Prepare paint brush as described in Practice D5068.8.3 Using a brush, apply sufficient weight of test paints toachieve the desired spreading rate. If a second coat (top coat)is
20、 to be applied, allow the first coat to dry in the conditionedroom for 16 +/- 1 h (dry time may affect results) or as agreedupon by the purchaser and seller. Results may be highlydependent on film thickness; therefore, it is essential that thetest paints be weighed on accurately, particularly for sm
21、all testareas. The amount of paint in grams required for a specificspread rate can be determined from the following equation:g 5 A*W!/S!*3.15 (1)where:A = area, square inches,W = weight per gallon (Test Method D1475), lb./gal, andS = Spreading rate, square ft/gal.Or the following metric equation:g 5
22、 Am*D!/Sm!*1000 (2)where:Am = area, square metersD = density, g/mL or kg/LSm = spreading rate, square meters/L8.4 Allow the panels to dry at known conditions of tem-perature and relative humidity for 6 +/-1horasagreed uponby the purchaser and seller. Immediately place the panels onthe chamber with t
23、he painted sides facing toward the humidity.Close all cracks between boards to prevent water vapor lossand temperature variation. Larger cracks may be closed withtape or metal strips.8.5 Adjust the thermostat to maintain the desired tempera-ture of the saturated air and water vapor mixture. Cabinett
24、emperature of 39C (100F) is suggested. To ensure adequatecondensation on the face of the panels, maintain at least a 11C(20F) temperature differential between the room and theinside of the chamber.8.6 After 48 +/- 1 h, or an exposure time agreed upon by thepurchaser and seller, carefully remove the
25、panels and allow todry overnight.9. Report9.1 Substrates used, test paints, control paint(s), topcoat,spreading rates, dry time of first coat, dry time of topcoat,vapor temperature and exposure time of topcoated panel forhumidity.9.2 Rate efflorescence of panels such as none, slight,moderate, or sev
26、ere.9.3 Report any alkali burnout or any other film defects.10. Keywords10.1 alkali burnout; efflorescenceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised tha
27、t determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappro
28、ved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fe
29、el that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual rep
30、rints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7072 04 (2013)2
