1、Designation: D7215 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forCalculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysisof Distillate Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the calculated flash pointformula, which represents a means for
3、directly estimating theflash point temperature of distillate fuels from Test MethodD2887 data. The value computed from the equation is termedthe “calculated flash point.” The calculated flash point formulais applicable to diesel fuel samples based on a correlation toTest Method D93 over the range fr
4、om 47 to 99C, and to jetfuel samples based on a correlation to Test Method D56 andTest Method D3828 over the range from 35 to 67C.1.2 The calculated flash point formula is valid for diesel andjet fuels with an IBP between 90 and 162C (194 and 324F),Test Method D2887 5% recovery temperature between 1
5、36 and207C (277 and 405F), and Test Method D2887 10% recoverytemperature between 142 and 222C (288 and 432F). For eachflash point test method (Test Method D56, Test Method D93,and Test Method D3828) a separate equation has been estab-lished. See 4.4 for a detailed overview of the simulateddistillati
6、on IBP, 5%, and 10% ranges per equation.1.3 A calculated diagnostic parameter, not exceeding agiven threshold value, is a prerequisite for acceptance of thecalculated flash point.1.4 The diagnostic parameter MSPEX(Mean SummedPrediction Error) checks the sample compliance, based onreconstruction of T
7、IBP,T5%, and T10%of the sample, via acalculation procedure. A value for MSPEXnot exceeding thethreshold level of 1.9C is a prerequisite for accepting thecalculated flash point, CFP.NOTE 1It is important to note that calculated flash point results, at thistime, are not recognized by regulatory organi
8、zations in verifying confor-mance to applicable regulations.NOTE 2The calculated flash point derived from simulated distillationdata depends upon the accuracy of determination of the IBP temperatureand the 5% and 10% recovery temperatures.NOTE 3If the users specification requires a defined flash poi
9、nt testmethod other than this test method, neither this test method nor any othertest method should be substituted for the prescribed test method withoutobtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values give
10、n in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
11、 limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2887 Test Method for B
12、oiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvementof Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods thatPurport to Measure the Same Property of a Material3. Te
13、rminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 diesel fuel, nfuel for diesel engines, as described inSpecification D975.3.1.2 flash point, nlowest temperature, corrected to apressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), at which application of anignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sampleto ignite under spec
14、ified conditions of test.3.1.3 jet fuel (kerosene type), naviation turbine fuel asdescribed in Specification D1655.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.Cu
15、rrent edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7215 08. DOI:10.1520/D7215-08R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
16、 of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.4 simulated distillation, n distillation, simulated bygas chromatography, to obt
17、ain a boiling range distribution.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calculated flash point (CFP), nflash point calculatedusing this test method from the IBP, 5%, and 10% recoverytemperature obtained from simulated distillation according toTest Method D2887.3.2.2 mean sum of pre
18、diction errors of variable X (MSPEX),nmean of summed prediction errors of the predictorvariables, that is, the recovery temperatures.3.2.3 partial least squares (PLS) regression, nextensionof the multiple linear regression model, specifying a linearrelationship between a dependent variable and a set
19、 of predic-tor variables.4. Significance and Use4.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of thetendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixturewith air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only oneof a number of properties that must be considered in assessingthe overall flamm
20、ability hazard of a material.4.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations todefine flammable and combustible materials. Consult theparticular regulation involved for precise definitions of theseclassifications.4.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highlyvolatile and fla
21、mmable materials in a relatively non-volatile ornon-flammable material.4.4 In cases where Test Method D2887 data are available,that is, for determination of boiling range distribution orcalculation of other physical properties, this test methodprovides a calculation method for flash point without pe
22、rform-ing an additional analysis. Table 1 shows the ranges for theIBP, 5%, and 10% results for each equation.4.5 In the case where the flash point of a fuel has beeninitially established, the calculated flash point is useful as aflash point check on subsequent samples of that fuel, providedits sourc
23、e and mode of manufacture remain unchanged.5. Procedure5.1 Obtain the IBP, 5% and 10% recovered temperatures ofthe specimen by performing a simulated distillation accordingto Test Method D2887.5.2 Calculate reconstruction values of TIBP,T5%, and T10%recovery temperatures according to Eq 1-3:TIBP5 2.
24、7510.944TIBP10.163T5%2 0.124T10 %C# (1)T5%5 2.2110.163TIBP10.363T5%10.455T10 %C# (2)T10 %523.71 2 0.124TIBP10.455T5%10.694T10 %C# (3)5.3 Compute the sample compliance mean sum of predic-tion errors of the recovery temperatures, MSPEXof thespecimen according to Eq 4:MSPEX513=TIBP2 TIBP#21T5%2 T5%#21T
25、10 %2 T10 %#2C#(4)where TIBP,T5%, and T10%refer to the experimental sampleboiling point temperatures.5.4 Compare MSPEXto the critical value of 1.9C. IfMSPEXexceeds this critical value, then the sample is notsuitable for calculation of flash point according to this testmethod. Do not proceed with thi
26、s test method.6. Calculation6.1 Calculation of the CFP using the appropriate Eq 5-7:6.1.1 For correlation to Test Method D56:CFPD565255.510.164TIBP10.095T5%10.453T10%C# (5)6.1.2 For correlation to Test Method D93:CFPD935251.710.403TIBP10.163T5%10.214T10%C# (6)6.1.3 For correlation to Test Method D38
27、28:CFPD38285261.410.223TIBP2 0.201T5%10.721T10%C# (7)7. Report7.1 Report the calculated flash point to the nearest 1C(2F), including the correlating subscript.8. Precision and Bias38.1 Within the range of 47 to 99C (117 to 210F), for dieselfuel samples and within the range of 35 to 67C (95 to 153F)f
28、or jet fuel samples, the difference between the calculated flashpoint and the experimental flash point will be less than 6 4C(7F) for 95 % of the distillate fuels evaluated.8.2 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as deter-mined by the statistical evaluation of the published repeatabil-ity and
29、 reproducibility of the Test Method D2887 method andthe Test Method D56, Test Method D93 and Test MethodD3828 correlation models, is as follows:8.3 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive testresults, obtained by the same operator using the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on
30、 identical test material,3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1636.TABLE 1 OverviewIBP 5% 10%Min temp Max temp Min temp Max temp Min temp Max tempTest Method D93 Diesel 103C (217F) 163C (326F) 144C (291F) 210C (41
31、0F) 159C (318F) 236C (457F)Test Method D56 Jet Fuel 101C (213F) 136C (277F) 135C (275F) 169C (337F) 141C (285F) 183C (362F)Test Method D3828 Jet Fuel 101C (213F) 136C (277F) 135C (275F) 169C (337F) 141C (285F) 183C (362F)D7215 08 (2013)2would in the long run, in normal and correct operation of thist
32、est method, exceed the values in Table 2 in only one case intwenty.8.4 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single andindependent results obtained by different operators working indifferent laboratories on identical test material would, in thelong run, exceed the values in Table 3 in only one c
33、ase intwenty.8.5 BiasBias between flash points from Test Method D56,Test Method D93, and Test Method D3828 and calculated flashpoint from simulated distillation data has been evaluated usingPractice D6708. No significant bias was found between thecalculated flash point and the flash point determined
34、 using theabove flash point methods.8.6 Cross-method ReproducibilityThe difference betweentwo single and independent results obtained by differentoperators working in different laboratories on identical testmaterial and applying the correlated and reference methodrespectively, would in the long run,
35、 exceed the values in Table4 in only one case in twenty.8.7 This correlation model and determination of the cross-method reproducibility was validated by an analysis of vari-ance procedure in accordance with Practice D6708.8.8 The statistical evaluation and validation can be found inthe research rep
36、ort.9. Keywords9.1 calculated flash point; diesel fuel; flash point; jet fuel;MSPEX; PLS; simulated distillationANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. CORRELATION DATAA1.1 Development of the CorrelationA1.1.1 A database with 117 representative samples wascollected and divided into a correlation data set an
37、d a valida-tion data set. The complete data set included 56 diesel fuelsamples and 61 jet fuel samples. The detailed data set structureis given in Tables A1.1 and A1.2.A1.1.2 The empirical equation for the calculated flash pointcorrelation was derived using a partial least squares (PLS)regression. O
38、ther correlation techniques have been investi-gated.3A1.1.3 The correlation equations were developed using TestMethod D2887 distillation data and Test Method D93 flashpoint data for diesel fuel and Test Method D56 and TestMethod D3828 flash point data for jet fuel.TABLE 2 RepeatabilityCalculatedRepe
39、atability, rC FTest Method D56 0.5 0.9Test Method D93 0.8 1.4Test Method D3828 0.8 1.4TABLE 3 ReproducibilityCalculatedReproducibility, RC FTest Method D56 2.0 3.6Test Method D93 4.4 7.9Test Method D3828 2.9 5.2TABLE 4 Cross-Method ReproducibilityCalculatedCross-method Reproducibility, RXYC FTest Me
40、thod D56 4.3 7.7Test Method D93 5.2 9.9Test MethodD38283.6 6.4TABLE A1.1 Number of Samples Used for the CorrelationJet Fuel Diesel Fuel TotalEurope USA/CanadaEurope USA/CanadaTest Method D56 14 10 24Test Method D93 13 20 33Test MethodD3828410 14Total 71D7215 08 (2013)3ASTM International takes no pos
41、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil
42、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS
43、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
44、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610
45、-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE A1.2 Number of Samples Used for the ValidationJet Fuel Diesel Fuel TotalEurope USA/CanadaEurope USA/CanadaTest Method D56 13 4 17Test Method D93 12 11 23Test MethodD382833 6Total 46D7215 08 (2013)4
