1、Designation: D7223 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Certification Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agenciesin formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbi
3、nefuel under contract.1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviationturbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. Thespecification can be used as a standard in describing the qualityof this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not i
4、nclude the fuels that arecommonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed inSpecification D1655.1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specificationmay be used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this fuel.1.5 The values stated in SI units
5、are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness
6、 to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1266 Test Metho
7、d for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
8、D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine andAviation Turbine FuelD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons inAvia-tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sul
9、fur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviationand Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in
10、Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation
11、FuelsD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Tes
12、t Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation Fuels1This specification is u
13、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D722305. DOI:
14、10.1520/D7223-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
15、e end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for ActiveSulfu
16、r Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5453 Test Method for Determination
17、of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure(VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hy
18、drocarbons, andHydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple ExpansionMethod)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescri
19、besthe required properties of aviation certification turbine fuel atthe time and place of delivery.4. Classification4.1 One type of aviation turbine fuel is provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet C-1A relatively wide boiling range volatiledistillate.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, exc
20、ept as otherwise specified inthis specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocar-bons derived from conventional sources including crude oil,natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oilsands. The use of jet fuel blends, containing components fromother sources, is only per
21、mitted on a specific, individual basis(see Annex A1 on fuels from non-conventional sources inSpecification D1655).5.1.1 Fuels used in engines and aircraft are ultimatelyapproved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the typecertification p
22、rogram for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see Speci-fication D1655).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to this aviation turbine fuel inthe amount and of the composition specified in the followinglis
23、t of approved material:35.2.1 AntioxidantsIn amounts not to exceed 24.0 mg/Lactive ingredients (not including weight of solvent):5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phe
24、nol, plus25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.5 55 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phe-nol, plus 15 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol,remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phe-nol
25、, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butylphenols.5.2.2 Metal Deactivator Additive (MDA), in amount not toexceed 2.0 mg/L (not including weight of solvent) on initialfuel manufacture at the refinery. Higher initial concentrationsare permitted in circumstances where copper contamination is
26、suspected to occur during distribution. Cumulative concentra-tion of MDA when retreating the fuel shall not exceed5.7 mg/L:5.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 4504not toexceed 3 mg/L.5.2.3.1 When loss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreat-m
27、ent with electrical conductivity additive, the following con-centration limits apply:At Manufacture:Stadis 450 3 mg/L, maxRetreatment:Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg/L, max5.2.4 Leak Detection AdditiveTracer A (LDTA-A)5maybe added to the fuel in amounts not to exceed 1 mg/kg.5.2.5 Other additives a
28、re permitted. These include fuelsystem icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such asbiocides. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuelsupplier and agreed to by the purchaser. Only additivesapproved by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted inthe fuel on which an aircraf
29、t is operated.5.2.5.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval statusof the additive and associated conditions must be checked forthe specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene
30、Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), con-forming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III,may be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine theconcentration of DIEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X3 ofSp
31、ecification D1655 concerning the need to control processingadditives in jet fuel production.3Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report RR:D02-1125.4Stadis 450 is a registere
32、d trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., InnospecManufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.5Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Research Corp., 3755N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.D7223 0926. Detailed Requirements6.1 The aviation turbine fuel
33、 shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowanceshall be made for the precision of the test methods. Todetermine conformance to the specification requirement, a testresult may
34、be rounded to the same number of significant figuresas in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determina-tions are made, the average result, rounded according toPractice E29, shall be used.6.3 If any additives are used, the aviation turbine fuel shallconform to the Table 2 listed requirements.
35、7. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall bevisually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating.No substance of known dangerous toxicity under usual condi-tions of handling and u
36、se shall be present, except as permittedin this specification.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling proce-dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-dures in Practice D4057.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Certification Turbine FuelAProperty Jet C-1
37、ASTM Test MethodBAcidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.10 D3242Aromatics, vol % min/max 8 to 25 D1319Sulfur, mercaptanC, weight % max 0.003 D3227Sulfur, total weight % max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294 or D5453Distillation temperature, C (F):Initial boiling point, temperature min/max 70/100 (158/212) D2887, D86D
38、5 % recovered, temperature min/max 80/110 (176/230) D2887, D86D10 % recovered, temperature min/max 90/120 (194/248) D2887, D86D20 % recovered, temperature min/max 105/140 (221/284) D2887, D86D50 % recovered, temperature min/max 150/195 (302/383) D2887, D86D90 % recovered, temperature min/max 215/255
39、 (419/491) D2887, D86DFinal boiling point, temperature min/max 240/290 (464/554) D2887, D86DFlash Point, C (F) report D56, D3828Density at 15C, kg/m3750 to 840 D1298, D4052Vapor pressureEat 25C, kPa (psi) report 3.0 (0.44) to 5.5 (0.80) D6378Fat 38C, kPa (psi) report 5.6 (0.8) to 8.2 (1.2) D6378Fat
40、50C, kPa (psi) min/max 10.0 (1.45) to 12.5 (1.82) D6378Fat 100C, kPa (psi) report 56 (8.1) to 60 (8.7) D6378FFreezing point, C max -35 D2386, D5972GViscosity at -20C, mm2/sHmax 8.0 D445Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 42.8ID4529, D3338,orD4809One of the following requirements shall be met:(1) Smoke
41、 point, mm, or min 25 D1322(2) Smoke point, mm, and min 18 D1322Naphthalenes, vol, % max 3.0 D1840Copper strip, 2 h at 100C max No. 1 D130Thermal stability:Filter pressure drop, mm Hg max 25JD3241KTube deposit less than 3 D3241Existent gum, mg/100 mL max 7 D381Water reaction:Interface rating max 1b
42、D1094LubricityL BOCLE WSD, mm max 0.85 D5001LAdditives: see 5.2Electrical conductivity, pS/m required 50 to 450 D2624Other optionalAFor compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.BThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.CThe mercaptan sulfu
43、r determination may be waived if the fuel is considered sweet by the doctor test described in Test Method D4952.DIf Test Method D2887 is used, use correlation procedure (Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887 to convert D2887 temperatures to D86 equivalent temperatures. Bothminimums and maximums shall be
44、 met.EAbsolute vapor pressure (VPx) is the primary property to be controlled; 2,2 dimethylbutane and toluene, as cited in Section 11 and Note 14 of Test Method D637808,shall be used as verification fluids. 1.0 kPa = 0.145 psi.FLatest version. Record absolute vapor pressure (VPx).GTest Method D5972 m
45、ay produce a higher (warmer) result than that from Test Method D2386. In case of dispute, Test Method D2386 shall be the referee method.H1mm2/s=1cSt.IUse either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. Test Method D4809 may be used as an alternative. In case of dispute, Tes
46、t MethodD4809 shall be used.JPreferred SI units are 3.3 kPa, max.KThermal stability test (JFTOT) shall be conducted for 2.5 h at a control temperature of 260C. Tube deposits shall always be reported by the Visual Method: a ratingby the Tube Deposit Rating (TDR) optical density method is desirable bu
47、t not mandatory. No peacock or abnormal colored tube deposits are permitted.LLubricity test can be waved with purchasers agreement.D7223 0938.2 A number of jet fuel properties including thermalstability, water separation, electrical conductivity, and othersare very sensitive to trace contamination t
48、hat can originatefrom sample containers. For recommended sample containersrefer to Practice D4306.9. Report9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed upon by the seller and the purchaser of the aviationturbine fuel.9.2
49、A suggested form for reporting inspection data onaviation turbine fuel is given in Specification D1655.10. Test Methods10.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this speci-fication in accordance with the following ASTM test methods.10.1.1 DensityTest Method D1298 or D4052. TestMethod D4052 shall be the referee test method.10.1.2 DistillationTest Method D86 or D2887 with theconversion to D86 temperatures given in correlation procedure(Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887.10.1.3 Vapor PressureTest Method D6378. Record abso-lute vapor pressure (VPx).10.1.4 Fla
