1、Designation: D7230 06 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forEvaluating Polymeric Lining Systems for Water Immersionin Coating Service Level III Safety-Related Applications onMetal Substrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7230; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes procedures for eval
3、uating liningsystem test specimens under simulated operating conditions.1.2 Lining systems to be tested in accordance with thisguide are intended for use in both new construction and forrefurbishing existing systems or components.1.3 The lining systems evaluated in accordance with thisguide are expe
4、cted to be applied to metal substrates comprisingwater-wetted (that is, continuous or intermittent immersion)surfaces in systems that may include:1.3.1 Service water piping upstream of safety-relatedcomponents,1.3.2 Service water pump internals (draft tube, volutes, anddiffusers),1.3.3 Service water
5、 heat exchanger channels, passpartitions, tubesheets, end bells, and covers,1.3.4 Service water strainers, and1.3.5 Refueling water storage tanks and refuel cavity waterstorage tanks.1.4 This guide anticipates that the lining systems to betested include liquid-grade and paste-grade polymeric materi-
6、als. Sheet type lining materials, such as rubber, are excludedfrom the scope of this guide.1.5 Because of the specialized nature of these tests and thedesire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expectedservice environment, the creation of a standard practice is notpractical. This standard g
7、ives guidance in setting up tests andspecifies test procedures and reporting requirements that can befollowed even with differing materials, specimen preparationmethods, and test facilities.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are m
8、athematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
9、 health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelC868 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of ProtectiveLiningsD115 Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-ni
10、shes Used for Electrical InsulationD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings tot
11、he Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4082 Test Method for Effects of Gamma Radiation onCoatings for Use in Nuclear Power PlantsD4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating andLining Work for Power Generation Fac
12、ilitiesD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPortable Adhesion TestersD5139 Specification for Sample Preparation for Qualifica-tion Testing of Coatings to be Used in Nuclear PowerPlantsD5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards inNuclear Power Plants1This guide is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on ProtectiveCoating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D33.02 on Service and Material Parameters.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 2006. Last previous e
14、dition approved in 2006 as D7230 06. DOI: 10.1520/D7230-06R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD7167 Guide for Establishing Procedures to Monitor thePerformance of Safety-Related Coating Service Level IIILining Systems in an Opera
16、ting Nuclear Power PlantE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsG14 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coatings(Falling Weight Test)G42 Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of PipelineCoatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures2.2 Federal Standards3EPA Method 415.1 To
17、tal Organic Carbon in Water2.3 NACE International4RP0394 Application, Performance and Quality Control ofPlant-Applied, Fusion Bonded External Pipe CoatingTM0174 Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of CoatingMaterials and Lining Material on Metallic Substrates inImmersion ServiceTM0404 Offshore Pla
18、tform Atmospheric and Splash ZoneNew Construction Coating System Evaluation3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 In addition to the following terms, general termsapplicable to this standard are found in Terminology D4538.3.1.2 cladding, na thick coating system compri
19、sed of aliquid-grade prime coat, a paste-grade intermediate build coat,and a liquid-grade finish coat.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis system is typically applied as alining to heat exchanger tubesheets and as a repair material inlocalized areas of metal loss (for example, pump impellercavitation, pipe wall c
20、orrosion) to restore surface contour. Amodified (that is, thinner) cladding may be used on the warmerside of heat exchanger pass partitions to prevent “cold wall”blistering.3.1.3 Coating Service Level III (CSL III), nareas outsidethe reactor containment where lining (or coating) failure couldadverse
21、ly affect the safety function of a safety-relatedstructure, system, or component (SSC).3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis definition is consistent with thatfound in Guide D5144.3.1.4 cold wall effect, npropensity for a fluid or vapor topermeate into/through a lining applied to the warmer side of asubstrate that
22、 serves as a boundary between warmer and coolerfluids.3.1.5 lining, nparticular type of coating intended forprotection of substrates from corrosion as a result of continu-ous or intermittent fluid immersion.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe normal operating service environ-ments to which linings are subject are
23、 aggressive. As such,material and application process parameters are specialized andrequire exacting quality control measures.3.1.6 liquid-grade, adjlining material that is liquid whenmixed and applied.3.1.6.1 DiscussionLiquid-grade polymeric lining materi-als are typically used as prime and finish
24、coats in a liningsystem.3.1.7 paste-grade, adjlining material that, when mixed,results in a paste-like material that is often applied by trowel orsqueegee.3.1.7.1 DiscussionPaste-grade polymeric lining materialsare often used as the build coat in a lining system and arealways incorporated in a cladd
25、ing system. In addition toimparting thickness and impact resistance, the paste-gradebuild coat material has the ability to restore an extensivelycorroded surface to a relative smooth condition by fillingcorrosion-induced surface porosity, pits, and depressions.3.1.8 service water, nthat water used t
26、o cool power plantcomponents or extract heat from systems or components, orboth.3.1.8.1 DiscussionCooling/heat extraction is generally ac-complished via heat exchangers, fan coolers, or chillers.Service water may be raw water or water chemically treated toretard corrosion. Service water systems are
27、distinct and sepa-rate from the circulating water system used to extract wasteheat from the main steam surface condenser.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The objectives of the testing set forth in this guide are toevaluate a CSL III lining systems ability to:4.1.1 Prevent corrosion and erosion of the metallic
28、 materialsof construction and4.1.2 Remain intact during design basis conditions.4.2 The Tests Outlined Comprise Two Distinct Phases:4.2.1 Phase 1Phase 1 includes two primary assessmentsand certain additional related physical testing. The Phase 1tests are considered essential to the objective of deve
29、loping atest database that can be used to rank and otherwise comparecandidate-lining systems.4.2.1.1 Permeability TestingDefined thicknesses of liquidand paste-grade polymeric lining materials are tested to assesstheir relative imperviousness.4.2.1.2 Test (Atlas) Cell “Conditioning” Followed by De-s
30、tructive TestingTest specimens representing thinner andthicker film candidate lining systems are “conditioned” byexposure to test conditions replicating water immersion envi-ronments that produce a temperature gradient across thespecimen (that is, “cold wall” conditions). Followingconditioning, the
31、test specimens are tested for impactresistance, flexibility, adhesion, and hardness.4.2.2 Phase 2Phase 2 includes additional destructive tests.Phase 2 testing is intended to provide additional performancedata that can be used to refine the lining selection process. Forinstance, Phase 1 tests may be
32、used to evaluate a relativelybroad array of candidate materials. Once the field of candidatesystems is narrowed via Phase 1 testing, Phase 2 tests can beused to fine-tune the system selection process.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW,
33、Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from NACE International (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston,TX 77084-4906, http:/www.nace.org.D7230 06 (2013)25. Significance and Use5.1 Safety-related service water system (SWS) componentsare designed to provide adequate co
34、oling to equipment essen-tial to the safe operation and shutdown of the plant. Linings inthese systems are installed to maintain the integrity of thesystem components by preventing corrosion and erosion of themetal materials of construction. Linings on SWS surfacesupstream of components, including h
35、eat exchangers, orificeplates, strainers, and valves, the detachment of which mayaffect safe-plant operation or shutdown, may be consideredsafety-related, depending on plant-specific licensing commit-ments and design bases.5.2 The testing presented in this guide is used to providereasonable assuranc
36、e that the linings, when properly applied,will be suitable for the intended service by preventing corro-sion and erosion for some extended period of time.Additionally, the test data derived allows development ofschedules, methods, and techniques for assessing the conditionof the lining materials (se
37、e Guide D7167). The ultimateobjective of the testing is to avoid lining failures that couldresult in blockage of equipment, such as piping or heat transfercomponents, preventing the system or component from per-forming its intended safety function.5.3 It is expected that this guide will be used by:5
38、.3.1 Lining manufacturers for comparing specific productsand systems and to establish a qualification basis for recom-mended linings and5.3.2 End users seeking a consistent design basis for candi-date coating systems.5.4 In the event of conflict, users of this guide mustrecognize that the licensees
39、plant-specific quality assuranceprogram and licensing commitments shall prevail with respectto the selection process for and qualification of CSL III liningmaterials.5.5 Operating experience has shown that the most severeoperating conditions with respect to heat exchanger liningsoccur on pass partit
40、ions. A phenomenon known as the “coldwall effect” accelerates moisture permeation through a coatingapplied to the warmer side of a partition that separates fluids attwo different temperatures. The thickness and permeability ofthe lining are key variables affecting the ability of a lining towithstand
41、 cold wall blistering.5.5.1 This effect is particularly pronounced when the sepa-rated fluids are water, though the effect will occur when onlyair is on the other side, for example, an outdoor tank filled withwarm liquid. A heat exchanger pass partition represents geom-etry uniquely vulnerable to th
42、e water-to-water maximizedtemperature differentials (Ts) that drive the cold wall effect.5.5.2 Pass partitions separate relatively cold incoming cool-ing water from the discharge water warmed by the heatexchangers thermal duty. Improperly designed coatings willexhibit moisture permeation to the subs
43、trate accelerated by thecold-wall effect. Many instances of premature pass partitionwarm-side blistering have been noted in the nuclear industry.Such degradation has also been seen on lined cover plate andchannel barrel segments that reflect water-to-air configurations.5.6 Large water-to-water Ts ar
44、e known to be the mostsevere design condition. The test device used to replicate Tconfigurations is known as an “Atlas cell.” Atlas cell testing isgoverned by industry standard test methodologies (TestMethod C868 and NACE TM0174). A lining proven suitablefor the most severe hypothesized T would also
45、 be suitable forservice on other waterside surfaces.5.7 Plant cooling water varies in composition and tempera-ture seasonally. For purposes of standardization, demineralizedwater is used in Atlas cell exposures rather than raw plantwater. It is generally accepted in polymeric coatings technol-ogy th
46、at low-conductivity water (deionized or demineralized)is more aggressive with respect to its ability to permeate liningsthan raw water. Thus, stipulating use of low-conductivity wateras the test medium is considered conservative.6. Reagents6.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the project-specific testi
47、nstructions or under a particular test method described here-inafter:6.1.1 Reagent water used in conjunction with permeabilitytests and Atlas cell exposures should have a maximum con-ductivity of 1.0 S/cm.7. Procedure7.1 The user of this guide is expected to invoke only thosetests that are applicabl
48、e. Refer to Table 1. A test specificationshould be developed to indicate the particular tests to be used.The test specification should include details on the liningsystems to be evaluated.7.2 For plant-specific applications, design and operatingparameters will need to be reviewed. On the basis of th
49、atreview, the site-specific design objectives for testing can bedefined. Test parameters based on water temperatures and Tsmore severe than the plant-specific normal and upset condi-tions might also be allowed. The test specimen should replicatethe anticipated plant-specific substrate condition to the extentpracticable (for example, new, corroded, etc.).7.3 Steel Test SpecimensDuplicate test specimens shouldbe provided fabricated from hot-rolled mild carbon steelconforming to Specification A36/A36M. Thickness and otherdimensions are stipulated for each
