1、Designation: D 7267 06Standard Test Method forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile YarnFloor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7267; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forcerequired to ravel a yarn from the edge of a loop pile, tuft
3、ed,carpet.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re
4、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 290
5、6 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to pile floor coverings,refer to Terminology D 5684.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: carpet,constant-rate-of-extensi
6、on, finished, finished pile yarn floorcovering, floor covering, loop pile yarn floor covering, pile,pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tuft, tuft leg,tufted fabric, edge ravel.3.3 For definition of other terms related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1
7、 A yarn end is raveled from a loop pile floor coveringusing a tensile testing machine. The force required to pull thetufted yarn from the edge of a tufted loop pile floor covering ismeasured and recorded. The required load or force to removethe yarn from the specimen is calculated and defined as “ed
8、geravel strength.”5. Significance and Use5.1 The satisfactory performance of a loop pile floor cover-ing depends, to a considerable extent, on the installation andmaintenance of the product. A loop pile floor covering withinadequate edge ravel strength may result in loops pulling outfrom the backing
9、, resulting in an aesthetically displeasingappearance. Tuft rows located at the seam of a loop pile floorcovering are the most susceptible to raveling.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing MachineA constant-rate-of extension(CRE) type conforming to Specification D76, a constant rateof speed of 300 6 10 mm
10、/min (12 6 0.5 in. /min) is required.Full-scale loads rang from 0.545 to 4.53 kg (1 to 10 lb) aregenerally adequate. A constant rate of traverse (CRT) typetensile testing machine conforming to the Specification D76and operated at the same speed is permitted. There may be nooverall correlation with C
11、RE-type and CRT-type testing ma-chines. Consequently, the two machines cannot be used inter-changeably. In the case of controversy, the CRE-type testingmachine shall prevail.6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesThe use of hydraulic orpneumatic, serrated or padded face, clamping systems with aminimum of 25 by 75
12、mm (1 by 3 in.) are recommended toreduce specimen slippage. The faces shall be parallel and havematching centers with respect to one another (in the sameclamp) and to the corresponding jaw face of the other clamp.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Lot SampleWhen performing acceptance tes
13、ting for asample lot, take at random the number of rolls or pieces of pileyarn floor covering as directed on an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of pile yarn floor coveringto be the primary sampling units. In the
14、absence of suchagreement, take one roll or piece from the lot to be tested.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published July 2006.2For refe
15、renced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
16、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take a“laboratory sampling unit” that is a minimum of 460 mm (18in.) in the machine direction by full width (cross machinedirection) from each roll or piece in the lot sample.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laborat
17、ory sample unit, cutthree specimens with the longer direction parallel to themachine direction. Consider the long dimension as the direc-tion of the test.7.4 Specimen DimensionCut the specimens to a width/length dimension of 50 by 150 mm 6 2mm(2by6in.6 0.1in.), respectively.7.5 Specimen Sampling and
18、 LabelingObtain specimens,representing a broad distribution along the length and width ofeach laboratory sample unit. Take one specimen near each edgeof the sampling unit but, no nearer the edge than 5 % of thewidth, and take one specimen from the center area. Ensure thatspecimens are free of folds,
19、 creases or wrinkles. Label tomaintain specimen identity.7.6 Preparation of SpecimensWith hemostats or like de-vice, grasp a yarn end that is near to the edge of the specimenand that can be pulled the entire specimen length. Remove theentire tufted row of yarn from the specimen.7.7 With scissors or
20、knife remove the void backing area(created by removing the tufted row of yarn in 7.6), See Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Photograph of Trimming the Edge of a Pulled Tufted Row of YarnFIG. 2 Photograph of Edge Ravel Specimen Ready for TestingD72670627.8 Grasp the yarn from the tufted row next to the areatrimmed from
21、 in 7.7, and pull the yarn away from the backingfor distance of 37.5 to 50.0 mm (1.5 to 2 in.).8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Tensile Testing MachinePrepare the machine accord-ing to the manufactures instructions and using the conditionsgiven in 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.8.1.1 The distance between the clamps
22、should be 25 6 1mm (1 6 0.05 in). Select the “full scale force” range of thetesting machine such that the maximum force occurs between15 and 85 % of “full scale” force. Verify the testing machinefor this range.8.1.2Select a testing machine speed of 300 6 12 mm (12 6 0.5in.) /min.9. Conditioning9.1 C
23、ondition the laboratory sampling unit or the testspecimens in the standard atmosphere for textile testing, 21 61C (70 6 2F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 hours or untilthe mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 hours as directed inPractice D 1776.10. Procedure10.1 Center and secure the length of t
24、he test specimen in thelower clamps with the trimmed edge facing the top clamp, asshown in Fig. 2. Set the distance between the upper and lowerclamps to 1 inch.10.2 Secure the partially raveled yarn end in the upperclamps, as shown in Fig. 2.10.3 Activate the machine to start the test. The recording
25、device will record the force required to ravel the loop awayfrom the specimen. The recording will show a series of peaksand valleys. Each peak represents the force required to ravelthe yarn end from the edge of the carpet backing. Conduct theevaluation until there is approximately 150 mm (6 in.) of
26、jawseparation. Then stop the machine, remove the yarn andspecimen from the clamps, and return the clamp to the startingposition.11. Calculation or Interpretation of Results11.1 From the recording device, determine and documentthe five highest peaks for each specimen of the sampling unit.Average the
27、five highest peaks and record to the nearest 0.5 N(0.1 lbf).11.2 If the yarn breaks during testing, record the breakingstrength obtained, and report that the “Test was not completeddue to yarn breakage.”11.3 Using the values from the three specimens of thesampling unit tested in 11.1; calculate the
28、overall average edgeravel value for each laboratory sampling unit or lot.12. Report12.1 State that edge ravel resistance was determined asdirected in Test Method D 7267. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.12.2 Report the following information:12.2.1 Edge ravel re
29、sistance of each specimen and labora-tory sampling unit.12.2.2 If the yarn breaks before completing the test, recordthe maximum resistance at the break of the yarn. Note that theresistance to raveling exceeds the yarns breaking strength.13. Precision and Bias13.1 An inter-laboratory study involving
30、five laboratoriesand eight different loop pile tufted carpets was performed in2004, using the procedure described in this test method. Eachloop pile carpet was sampled using a sidecenterside configu-ration. The data was analyzed using Practice E 691. Theinter-laboratory precision study is characteri
31、zed by reproduc-ibility (Sr edge ravel strength; loop pile floor covering;ravel; textile floor coveringTABLE 1 Inter-Laboratory Precision Analysis for Edge RavelResistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor CoveringMaterialsAverageResistance (lb)Sr SR R RCarpet A 1.611 0.181 0.440 0.507 1.233Car
32、pet B 2.593 0.581 0.600 1.627 1.678Carpet D 1.013 0.360 0.360 1.009 1.009Carpet F 1.274 0.243 0.297 0.680 0.830Carpet G 3.781 0.283 0.733 0.793 2.052Carpet H 2.519 0.613 0.613 1.717 1.717Carpet I 2.645 0.284 0.321 0.795 0.899D7267063ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
33、 patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revi
34、sion at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
35、comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyri
36、ghted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org
37、(e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 h Value Results Describing Between Lab Precision forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile Yarn, TuftedFloor CoveringsLaboratoryCarpet SpecimenABDFGHI1 -0.61 -0.71 0.23 -0.01 1.16 0.23 0.592 -1.23 -1.35 0.24 -1.55 -0.98 -1.37 -0.353 1.
38、02 0.47 -0.95 -0.19 -0.86 0.28 -0.734 1.02 0.47 -0.95 0.72 0.94 1.33 1.455 -0.19 1.11 1.44 1.02 -0.26 -0.47 -0.95Critical h-statistic = 1.75TABLE 3 k Value Results Describing Within Lab Precision forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile Yarn, TuftedFloor CoveringsLaboratoryCarpet SpecimenABDFGHI1 1.16 0.73 1.46 0.78 0.39 0.30 0.842 1.46 0.30 0.16 0.95 0.93 0.77 1.423 0.64 1.31 1.16 1.44 0.97 1.10 0.674 0.64 1.31 1.16 0.86 1.59 0.90 1.135 0.84 0.96 0.42 0.82 0.71 1.51 0.73Critical k-statistic = 1.91D7267064
