1、Designation: D7270 07 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forEnvironmental and Performance Verification of Factory-Applied Liquid Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides a generic testing procedure to verifythe air pollution-prevention character
3、istics and basic propertiesof liquid coatings applied to metal, plastic, wood, or compositesubstrates in a factory/manufacturing environment. Thus itmay be used to evaluate these liquid coatings to verify theirvolatile organic compound (VOC) and organic hazardous airpollutant (HAP) content as well a
4、s basic performance proper-ties.1.2 This guide is adapted from a procedure used by the USEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish thirdparty verification of the physical properties and performance ofcoatings that have potential to reduce air emissions. The datafrom the verification testing
5、 is available on the internet at theEPAs Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Programwebsite (http:/www.epa.gov/etv/centers/center6.html) underthe “P2 Innovative Coatings and Coating Equipment Pilot.”1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in pare
6、ntheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitat
7、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusB499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessesby the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsD522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic Coa
8、tingsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Fog ApparatusD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences
9、from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings tothe Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD3792
10、 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by DirectInjection Into a Gas ChromatographD3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound(VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resi
11、stance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4457 Test Method for Determination of Dichloromethaneand 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Paints and Coatings byDirect Injection into a Gas ChromatographD5402 Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance ofOrganic Coatings Using Solvent RubsD5767 Test Methods
12、for Instrumental Measurement ofDistinctness-of-Image Gloss of Coating SurfacesD6133 Test Method for Acetone, p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride,Methyl Acetate or t-Butyl Acetate Content of Solvent-borne and Waterborne Paints, Coatings, Resins, and RawMaterials by Direct Injection Into a Gas ChromatographD6438
13、 Test Method for Acetone, Methyl Acetate, andParachlorobenzotrifluoride Content of Paints, and Coat-ings by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatogra-phy1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsib
14、ility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7270 07. DOI: 10.1520/D7270-07R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
15、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D669
16、5 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint andRelated CoatingsD6886 Test Method for Determination of the IndividualVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air-Dry Coatingsby Gas Chromatography2.2 EPA Methods3EPA Method 24 Surface Coatings (Determination of VolatileMatter Content, Water Content, Densit
17、y, Volume Solids,and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings)EPA Method 311 HAPS in Paints and Coatings (Analysis ofHazardous Air Pollutant Compounds in Paints and Coat-ings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph)3. Significance and Use3.1 The primary objective of this verification guide is todeterm
18、ine the “air pollution-prevention potential” (possiblereduction in VOC or HAP emissions) of factory-applied liquidcoatings.3.2 The overall objective of this guide is to verify the abovepollution-prevention characteristics and basic performancecharacteristics of liquid coating technologies. Use of th
19、is guidecan increase acceptance of more environmentally friendlytechnologies for product finishing with an accompanyingreduction in emissions to the atmosphere. The specific objec-tives of this guide are to (1) quantify the VOC and HAPcontentof liquid coatings and (2) verify the basic quality and du
20、rabilityperformance of these coatings.3.3 The primary criteria for verification of liquid coatingswill be:3.3.1 Confirm that use of the coating will significantlyreduce VOC and HAP content or emissions (or both) duringapplication or cure, or both.3.3.2 Confirm that the coating can provide an accepta
21、blefinish (appearance, hardness, flexibility, etc.) for the intendedend use.3.4 The test results from this guide can provide to potentialusers the best data available to determine whether the coatingwill provide a pollution-prevention benefit while meeting thefinish quality requirements for its inte
22、nded use. This guideintends to supply end users with unbiased technical data toassist them in this decision-making process.3.5 The quantitative air pollution-prevention potential de-pends on a multitude of factors; therefore, the liquid coatingsare to be applied in accordance with the coating vendor
23、sinstructions and the resulting verification data reflect only thespecific conditions of the test. To quantify the environmentalbenefit (air pollution-prevention potential), a test to quantifythe VOC or HAP emissions from the new liquid coatings willbe conducted and compared to data for existing coa
24、tingstypically used in the target industry.4. Testing Site4.1 To accelerate the transition of environmentally friendlyprocesses to the manufacturing base, the test facility shouldoffer the ability to test processes and products on representativecommercial equipment. The coating application equipment
25、 inthe test facility should be available for the pilot-scale testingperformed in this guide (for example, surface pretreatment,powder coating, electrocoating, wet spray, and conventionalforced-air and infrared ovens, as applicable). Layouts of anexample of an approved test facility are shown in Appe
26、ndixX1, Figs. X1.1 and X1.2, respectively. Examples of the varioustesting laboratories and their representative equipment hold-ings that are relevant to the approved test facility verificationprojects are listed in Table X1.1.4.2 A test plan, referred to as a Testing and QualityAssurance Protocol (T
27、/QAP), will be established to provide thetesting details that are dependent upon the specific liquidcoating being tested. Some general guidelines and procedurescan be applied to each T/QAP. These include:4.2.1 A detailed description of each part of the test will beprovided. The selection of tests to
28、 be performed, test details,evaluation methods and acceptance criteria are defined by theend use requirements of the coating. These details should beincorporated into a test plan that is unique to each coating. Thiswill include a detailed design of experiments and a schematicdiagram of testing to be
29、 performed.4.2.2 Critical and noncritical factors will be listed. Noncriti-cal factors will remain constant throughout the testing. Criticalfactors will be listed as control (process) factors or response(coating product quality) factors.4.2.3 The T/QAP will identify the testing site.4.2.4 Regardless
30、 of where the testing is performed, theapproved test facility will ensure that the integrity of third-party testing is maintained.4.2.5 Regardless of where the testing is performed, theQuality Assurance (QA) portion of the guide will be strictlyadhered to.4.2.6 A statistically significant number of
31、samples will beanalyzed for each critical response factor (see Table 1).Variances (or standard deviations) of each critical responsefactor will be reported for all results.4.3 The test facility will be selected and must meet thestandards of the individual T/QAP and the test facilitysQuality Manageme
32、nt Plan (QMP). Example QMPs can befound at the ETV Website (http:/epa.gov/etv). Testing person-nel will document all critical and noncritical control factors andqualitative noncritical control factors.5. Procedure5.1 Test ApproachThe following approach for verificationof coating performance will be
33、used in the test protocol:5.1.1 Determine the performance parameters to be verified.5.1.2 Choose a standard test panel (and possibly otheritems) that will enable thorough testing of coating perfor-mance.5.1.3 Select the test coating and the optimum equipmentsettings for application and curing based
34、on informationfurnished by the coating manufacturer.5.1.4 Complete the verification test.5.1.5 Analyze the results using a statistically valid testprogram that efficiently accomplishes the required objectives.3US EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), TTN EMCWebmaster (C304-03),
35、Research Triangle Park, NC 27711(website, www.epa.gov/ttn/emc).D7270 07 (2013)25.2 Verification Test ObjectivesThe objectives of the veri-fication tests performed using this guide are to determine theVOC and HAP content and to verify the basic quality anddurability characteristics of selected liquid
36、 coatings. Inaddition, the VOC and HAP emissions generated during thecuring of the coating may be checked using an agreed uponmethod for determining those emissions. The coated test panelswill be checked for dry film thickness (DFT), visualappearance, and at least three of the following performancea
37、ttributes: gloss, color, distinctness-of-image (DOI), adhesion,corrosion resistance, impact resistance, flexibility, hardness,humidity resistance, weather resistance, wear resistance, andresistance to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The tests may beselected based on the end use of the coating.5.3 Standar
38、d Test PanelThe actual test panels may befabricated from steel, stainless steel, glass, plastic, alloys,wood, composite, or other substrate based on the liquid coatingvendors recommendations for the target industry. The defaultstandard test panels will be cold-rolled steel, 30.5 cm (12 in.)long and
39、10.2 cm (4 in.) wide with a 0.6-cm (0.25-in.) hole inone end so that it may be suspended from a hook. Other shapes(parts) may be treated and tested as required to complete theverification.5.4 Coating Specification:5.4.1 The liquid coating submitted for verification testingshould provide an environme
40、ntal benefit (that is, reduced airpollution) over coatings currently in use in the liquid coatingstarget industry. It should be considered as an “innovativecoating.”5.4.2 The coating vendor will supply its test coating andrespective specifications for the verification test program. Thecoating vendor
41、 will also supply a sufficient amount of coatingmaterial to complete the verification tests, the exact preparationinstructions, and the application parameters. The applicationprocedures and conditions must by representative of real worldprocesses in the target industry.5.5 Standard Coating Applicati
42、on Apparatus:5.5.1 This guide outlines the default application apparatusto be used for liquid coating verification tests. The defaultapplication method atomizes the liquid coating via automatedspray application equipment. The information contained in thisguide describes a standard apparatus setup fo
43、r verification testsconducted at the test facility.5.5.2 The coating vendor will determine the operatingparameters of the spray equipment (for example, input airpressure, gun-to-target distance, horizontal gun speed, flashtime, and dwell time).5.5.3 Panel pretreatment is specific to the substrate ma
44、terialand will be specified by the liquid coating vendor. If panels arenot purchased in a pretreated condition, pretreatment will beperformed at the approved test facility. The pretreatmentTABLE 1 Critical Response Factors (5 Panels per Test)Critical Response Factor Measurement Location FrequencyTot
45、al Number of DataPointsEnvironmentalVolatile Organic Compound (VOC)Content of liquid coatingSee 5.9 5 samples from liquid coating lot to be usedduring test5Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)Content of liquid coatingSee 5.9 5 samples from liquid coating lot to be usedduring test5Quality/Durability (Mandat
46、ory)Dry Film Thickness (DFT) From B499 (magnetic) 9 points on 1 standard test panel per run 45Visual Appearance Entire test panel and entire rack 1 standard test panel per run and 1 per test 6Quality/Durability (Optional)Gloss From D523 3 points on 1 standard test panel per run 15ColorAFrom D1729 1
47、randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5ColorAFrom D2244 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5Distinctness of Image (DOI)BFrom D5767 Test Method B 1 randomly selected panel per run, 3 testsper panel15AdhesionCFrom D3359 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5Pencil
48、 HardnessCFrom D3363 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5Salt Spray From B117 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5Impact From D2794 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5Flexibility (Mandrel Bend) From D522 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel
49、5MEK Rub From D5402 1 randomly selected panel per run, 1 testper panel5Humidity Resistance From D1735 1 sample per test 5Artificial Weathering Resistance From D6695D3 samples per test 15Abrasion Resistance From D4060 1 sample per test 5ABoth color analyses with the same panel.BExcept that the sliding combed shutter is replaced by a rotating eight-bladed disk.CThe adhesion and pencil hardness tests will be performed on the same panel as the DFT test.DPractice D6695 provides a description of procedures for operating the artificial weathering device. It does not indicate the
