1、Designation:D733907D733912 Standard Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Carpet using a Specic Sorbent Tube and Thermal Desorption / Gas Chromatography 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D7339; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method describes an analytical
3、procedure for identifying and quantifying the masses of individual volatile organic compounds (individual VOCs or IVOCs) that are emitted into a ow of air from carpet specimens and collected on sorbent sampling tubes during emissions testing. 1.2 This test method will be used in conjunction with a s
4、tandard practice for sampling and preparing carpet specimens for emissionstesting.Ifaspecicchamberpracticeisnotavailableforthecarpetspecimens,thisstandardtestmethodshouldbeused in conjunction with approved standard practices for emissions testing and sample preparation. 1.3 When used in conjunction
5、with standard practices for carpet specimen preparation and collection of vapor-phase emissions , this test method will provide a standardized means of determining the levels of IVOC in the exhaust stream of the emissions test chamber/cell. If this test method is used with a reliable practice for em
6、issions testing, these IVOC levels can be used to determine the emission rate from a unit quantity (usually surface area) of the sample material under test. 1.4 VOCs in the exhaust stream of an emissions test device are collected on thermal desorption tubes packed with a specic combination of sorben
7、ts using active (pumped) sampling. (See Practice D6196 for a more general description of vapor collection using pumped sampling onto sorbent tubes). The samples are analyzed by thermal desorption (TD) with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) and/or ame ionization detection (FI
8、D) depending upon the requirements of the specic materials emissions testing/certication protocol. 1.5 This test method can be used for the measurement of most GC-compatible organic vapors ranging from the approximate volatility from n-hexane to n-hexadecane (that is, compounds with vapor pressures
9、ranging from 16 kPa to 4 10 -4 kPa at 25C). Properties other than a compounds vapor pressure such as affinity for the sorbent may need to be taken into account. Compounds with vapor pressures outside this range may or may not be quantiable by this method. However, qualitative data concerning the ide
10、ntity of a compound(s), outside the stated volatility range for quantitation, may still be useful to the user. The method can be applied to analytes over a wide concentration rangetypically 1 g/m 3 to 1 mg/m 3 concentration of vapor in the exhaust air from the emission cell or chamber. 1.6 This test
11、 method is not capable of quantifying all compounds which are emitted from carpets. See the appropriate test practices/methodsfordeterminingothercompoundsthatarenotamenabletoanalysisbygaschromatography(thatis,TestMethod D5197 for the determination of aldehydes). 1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI unit
12、s are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health p
13、ractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct respons
14、ibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Current edition approved April 1, 2007Oct. 15, 2012. Published May 2007November 2012. DOI: 10.1520/D7339-07.Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7339 - 07. DOI:10.1520/D7339-12. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTM
15、website,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of
16、what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered
17、 the official document. Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1D3686PracticeforSamplingAtmospherestoCollectOrganicCompoundVapors(ActivatedCharcoalTubeAdsorptionMethod) D5116Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determi
18、nations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products D5197TestMethodforDeterminationofFormaldehydeandOtherCarbonylCompoundsinAir(ActiveSamplerMethodology) D5337Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps D6196Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and Thermal Desorptio
19、n Analysis Procedures for Volatile Organic Compounds in Air D6670Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products D7143Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products D7706Practic
20、e for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers E355Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships 2.2 ISO Standards: 3 ISO 10580Resilient, textile and laminate oor coveringsTest method for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions ENISO16000-6ISO16000-6Deter
21、mination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID ENISO16000-9ISO16000-9IndoorAirPart 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishin
22、gsEmission test chamber method ENISO16000-10ISO16000-10Indoor AirPart 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishingsEmission test cell method ENISO16000-11ISO16000-11Indoor AirPart 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds
23、 from building products and furnishingsSampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens 2.3 US EPA Methods: 4 TO-15Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) TO-17Deter
24、mination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsRefer to Terminology D1356 and Practice E355 for denitions of terms used in this test method. 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 A sample of the VOCs emitted from a carpet specimen i
25、s collected following the preparation and collection guidelines providedinISO10580ortheappropriatechamber/emissioncellpractices/guides.See,forexample,GuideD5116(smallchamber), Practice D6670 (full-scale chamber), Practice D7706 (micro-scale chamber), Practice D7143 (emission cells), ENISO16000- 9ISO
26、16000-9 (small chambers), ENISO16000-10 (emission cells), ENV 13419-1 (small chambers), ENV 13419-2 (emission cells), and EN ISO16000-10 (emission cells), and ISO 16000-11 (sample preparation). 4.2 Organicvaporsintheexhauststreamofanemissiontestchamberorcellarepumpedontostandardthermaldesorptiontube
27、s (seePracticeD6196)containingeither200mgofapolyphenyleneoxideresin-based(PPOR-B)sorbentwithashortbed(1-2mm) ofquartzwool,aglassfrit,orstainlesssteelscreen(singlyorcombined)ateachendofthe200mgofPPOR-Bsorbent.Thepump ow rate and sampling time must be controlled (see Practice D6196).The sorbent tubes
28、are then thermally desorbed, in a reverse ow of carrier gas, using an appropriate two-stage desorption apparatus, (See Practice D6196) such that volatile organic compounds are transferred (injected) efficiently into the capillary GC column for analysis. 4.3 GC-compatibleorganiccompoundswhichareretai
29、nedbythePPOR-Bsorbentorquartz/PPOR-Bsorbenttubeduringvapor collection and which elute between n-C 6 and n-C 16 on a 100%, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fused silica capillary column are identied and quantied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (see Section 11). Selective ion monitoring, ion extrac
30、tion or spectral de-convolution shall be used to quantify specic volatile organic compounds. Individual components of interest are quantied using authentic standards of that particular compound. Other compounds are quantied using toluene as the surrogate standard reference material (see 11.7.2). NOT
31、E 1The procedure is similar to that outlined in ENISO16000-6.ISO16000-6. 5. Signicance and Use 5.1 Manufacturers of carpet need to monitor emissions of VOCs to assess the environmental impact of their products indoors. These results are also used to demonstrate compliance with VOC emission limits fo
32、r individual VOCs. 5.2 These data are also used to understand which VOCs are emitted from a product or material and to measure the magnitude of those emissions. 3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org. 4 Found i
33、n Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, 2nd Ed., 1999, US. Environmental Protection Agency/625/R-96/010b.Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAssociation (EPA),Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 PennsylvaniaAve., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/ww
34、w.epa.gov. D733912 25.3 Emission data may be used to compare different lots of carpet of the same materials of construction, or carpets composed ofdifferentmaterialsofconstruction,inordertodevelopproductswithloweremissionsandlowerpotentialenvironmentalimpact. 5.4 This test method should be used in c
35、onjunction with practices/guidelines for emissions testing such as Guide D5116, Practice D7143, ENISO16000-9Practice D7706, ISO16000-9, and ENISO16000-10.ISO16000-10. These detail how to select andpreparesamplesandhowandwhentocarryoutemissionstestssuchthattheconcentrationandproleofvaporsintheexhaust
36、 airoftheemissionchamber/cellarerepresentativeoftheproductundertest.Thisstandardmethodcoversthesamplingandanalysis of volatile organic compounds in the exhaust gas from the chamber/cell using thermal desorptioncompatible sorbent tubes and will provide the necessary analytical consistency to ensure t
37、hat reproducible data is obtained for the analysis of identical vapor samples by different laboratories. 6. Interferences 6.1 Organiccompoundsthathavethesameornearlythesameretentiontimesastheanalyteofinterestcaninterfereduringgas chromatographic analysis. High resolution capillary columns are requir
38、ed to minimize these issues. Artifacts can be generated duringsamplingandanalysis.Interferencescanbeminimizedbyproperselectionofgaschromatographiccolumnsandconditions, and by stringent conditioning of both the sorbent tubes and the analytical system before use. Artifacts may be formed during storage
39、ofblanksorbenttubes.Thisisminimizedbycorrectlysealingandstoringblankandsampledtubes(see7.3and10.1).The effectiveness of these methods for controlling the potential interferences can be demonstrated by proper quality assurance procedures including the use of blanks and spiked sampling tubes. NOTE 2No
40、te that inherent artifact levels will vary from sorbent to sorbent but are generally at sub-nanogram levels for quartz wool, PPOR-B and for carbon-black type sorbent (see Practice D6196). 6.2 Compounds of interest that co-elute chromatographically, are not distinguishable when using an FID. Identica
41、tion and quantication shall be done using a mass spectrometer in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, or in SCAN mode in combination with post-run processing using spectral deconvolution, or ion extraction, or both. 6.3 Even if mass spectroscopy is employed, it may not be possible to uniquely ide
42、ntify individual compounds when similar compounds co-elute exactly (co-maximize) under the analytical conditions selected. 6.4 The method is suitable for sampling and analyzing vapor samples ranging up to 95% relative humidity for all hydrophobic sorbentssuchasquartzwool,PPOR-Bandgraphitizedcarbonbl
43、acks.Whenlesshydrophobic,strongsorbentssuchascarbonized molecular sieves are used in a secondary (back-up) tube, (see Note 3 and Note 8) care must be taken to reduce the mass of water retained from humid samples (see Practice D6196). 7. Apparatus 7.1 Sorbent Tubes for Pumped SamplingSample tubes (se
44、e Practice D6196) packed with 200 mg of PPOR-B sorbent or with a combination of 1 or 2 mm of loosely packed quartz wool, glass frit, or stainless steel screens bracketing 200 mg of PPOR-B sorbent should be used for collection of the volatile organic vapors in the exhaust gas from the emission chambe
45、r/cell.Analyses of glass or stainless steel spiked tubes indicates that similar results are obtained using either glass wool, or stainless steel frits, as long as the sorbent is in the heated zone of the thermal desorber (see 12.2). NOTE3Notethatuseofasecondaryback-uptubecanserveasausefulcheckontheb
46、reakthroughvolumeoftheprimaryPPOR-Borquartz/PPOR-B tubes. Breakthrough should be determined using two sorbent tubes containing the same sorbent and placed in series. Tube performance should be addressed by individual laboratory QC programs, see EPA Method TO-17 for guidance. 7.2 Sorbent Tube End Cap
47、s for Long-term Storage Blank and sampled tubes should be sealed with metal screw-cap ttings with combined (one-piece) PTFE ferrules for storage and transportation. If alternate ttings are used, the laboratory should determine that they meet storage and transportation stability requirements. NOTE 4A
48、s a quick test that long term storage caps have been tted correctly, check the length of the capped tube to make sure the seals are seated as far down the tube as possible and check that the caps cannot be pulled off the tubes by hand using reasonable force. 7.3 SyringesA precision 10L liquid syring
49、e readable to 0.1 L. 7.4 Soap Bubble MeterA soap bubble ow meter or another suitable calibrated device is required for calibrating pump, desorption, and split ows. Follow the manufacturers recommended procedure and or the participating laboratory QC program. See Practice D3686 for further guidance. 7.5 Thermal Desorption ApparatusAtwo-stage apparatus is required for thermally desorbing VOCs retained on the sorbent tubes and transferring/injecting them into a gas chromatograph (GC) in a ow of inert carrier gas.Atypical app
