1、Designation: D 7384 09Standard Practice forMinimum Geospatial Data for a Surface Coal Mining PermitBoundary1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for theaccurate location and description of data for defining a surfacecoal mi
3、ning permit boundary.1.1.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial bound-ary data relative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclama-tion Act of 1977 (SMCRA).2This geospatial data shall beobtained from each state or federal, or both, coal miningregulatory authority (RA) authorized under SMCRA
4、 to regu-late surface coal mining operations (SCMO). Each RA shall bethe authoritative data source (ADS) for coal mining geospatialdata.1.1.2 As used in this practice, a surface coal mining permitboundary represents an area where coal removal and reclama-tion and related supporting activities have o
5、ccurred, is occur-ring, or is planned and authorized by the RA within a definedSCMO.1.2 This practice is limited to surface coal mining opera-tions after passage of SMCRA.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
6、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experienc
7、e and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this do
8、cument be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contain
9、edFluidsD 5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD 5911 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Soil Sampling Site2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI INCITS 61-1986 (R2002) Geographic Point Loca-tions for Information Interchange, Representation of (for-merly
10、 ANSI X3.61-1986 (R1997)ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003) InformationtechnologySpatial Data Transfer2.3 Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards5FGDC-STD-001 Content Standard for Digital GeospatialMetadataProject 1574-D Information TechnologyGeographic In-formation Framework Data Content Standard, Par
11、t 5:Governmental Unit and Other Geographic Area Bound-aries2.4 Code of Federal Regulations:630 CFR Part 700 et seq.3. Terminology3.1 Except as listed or noted below, all definitions are inaccordance with Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 The terms defined her
12、e are consistent with thosedefined in 30 CFR Part 700 though not verbatim.3.2.2 active SCMOa SCMO that has ongoing coal pro-duction and/or reclamation activities.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on
13、Surface andSubsurface Characterization.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 7384 07.2Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977(SMCRA), passed August 3, 1977, as amended.3Fo
14、r referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25
15、 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Federal Geographic Data Committee, 590 National Center,Reston, VA 20192, www.fgdc.gov.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 2040
16、1, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 attributea defined characteristic of a feature type(for example, an attribute of Perm
17、it Status feature type =active).3.2.4 authoritative data sourcea recognized source asdefined in SMCRA.3.2.5 attribute valuea specific quality or quantity as-signed to an attribute for a specific feature instance.3.2.6 contactjurisdictional regulatory authority respon-sible for issuance and complianc
18、e of a coal-mining permit.3.2.7 data statusdate when state and tribal data, or fea-ture, was edited in national SCMO permit dataset.3.2.8 domaina finite list (or range) of permissible valuesfor a specified attribute. Included are tables of: units ofmeasure, types, styles, status, names, methods, mat
19、erials,dispositions, sources, dimensions, data, classes, etc. (for ex-ample, active, inactive, NA).3.2.9 feature classa logical group of related feature types(for example, grouping of water system components featuretypes such as water hydrant, water line, water pump, waterreservoir, water tank, etc.
20、, into a water system feature class).3.2.10 feature instancereal-world spatial phenomenonabout which data is collected, maintained, and disseminated.(for example, the McMillan Water Reservoir). Feature in-stances are the geospatial objects that are graphically delin-eated in a spatial database.3.2.1
21、1 feature typedefinition and description of a set(class of real world phenomena) into which similar featureinstances are classified (for example, water reservoir).3.2.12 inactive SCMOa SCMO that has no coal extractionor reclamation activity taking place.3.2.13 national IDpermit ID assigned to SCMO b
22、y RA,prefixed with state or tribal abbreviation.3.2.14 line segmenta direct line between two points.3.2.15 permitwritten authorization to conduct surfacecoal mining and reclamation operations issued by a RA to apermittee.3.2.16 permit areathe area of land, indicated on the latestmap approved by the
23、RA, upon which the permittee mayconduct surface coal mining and reclamation operations.3.2.17 permit boundarythe border of the area of landupon which the permittee may conduct surface coal mining andreclamation operations indicated on the latest map approved bythe RA.3.2.18 permit IDunique identifie
24、r assigned by the RA foradministrative purposes.3.2.19 permit statusto distinguish between active andinactive SCMO.3.2.20 permitteean entity to whom a permit has beenissued by a RAto conduct surface coal mining and reclamationoperations.3.2.21 pointa zero-dimensional geometric object thatspecifies g
25、eographic location.3.2.22 polygona two-dimensional closed geometric shapethat specifies a geographic area.3.2.23 reclamationthose actions taken to restore minedland to the post-mining land use approved by the RA.3.2.24 Regulatory Authoritygovernment entity with ex-clusive jurisdiction over the regul
26、ation of surface coal miningand reclamation operations under a program approved by theSecretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ADSauthoritative data source.3.3.2 CFRCode of Federal Regulations.3.3.3 FGDCFederal Geodetic Data Committee.3.3.4 GISGeographic information system
27、.3.3.5 NADNorth American Datum.3.3.6 NMDSNational Map Data Steward, the OSMREdesignated liaison with the RA.3.3.7 OSMREOffice of Surface Mining Reclamation andEnforcement, U.S. Department of the Interior.3.3.8 RARegulatory Authority.3.3.9 SCMOsurface coal mining operation(s).3.3.10 SIInternational s
28、ystem of units.3.3.11 SMCRASurface Mining Control and ReclamationAct of 1977 as amended.3.3.12 WGSWorld Geodetic System.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial boundarydata relative to the SMCRA and 30 CFR Part 700 et seq. Thispractice is significant to the coal min
29、ing community because itprovides uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to surfacecoal mining boundaries throughout the United States. Thesurface coal mining boundary is the first of the coal mininggeospatial data standards to be developed for use by a RA.Within its area of exclusive jurisdiction,
30、 each RA is theauthoritative data source (ADS) for coal mining spatial datathat it creates and uses to implement SMCRA. These standardswill help ensure uniformity of coal mining geospatial data usedin internal business practices, exchanged among businesspartners within the coal mining community, and
31、 contributed byeachADS in future efforts to create national datasets describingsurface coal mining in the United States.NOTE 1Currently, not all RAs have established datasets for coalmining geospatial data. Of those RAs that have coal mining geospatialdatasets, each organizes their data in a differe
32、nt method, using their owncoordinate system, and their own naming conventions and terminology.By establishing national data standards, RAs will have uniform guidancefor the creation and management of coal mining geospatial data. In effect,this practice creates an easier and more efficient way to uti
33、lize and sharesurface coal mining boundary geospatial data among affected parties.4.2 Surface coal mining geospatial data shall be obtainedfrom State and Federal regulatory authorities for SCMO. Thecoal mining community encompasses all entities directly andindirectly affected by coal mining activiti
34、es, including industry,environmental groups, the general public, and the governmentat all levels within the United States. Use of this standard willhelp create consistent maps and increase understanding ofSCMO sites throughout the United States. This standardpromotes the creation of well organized a
35、nd easily accessiblesurface coal mining data, and it will facilitate better commu-nication between state and federal offices, the public, industryand environmental groups.D73840924.3 In addition to defining a permit boundary, use of thisstandard over time will allow identification of changes in theb
36、oundary as the mined area changes.4.4 Among a few coal-producing states, some attributes ofthe surface coal mining boundaries will not have values. Anational dataset of surface coal mining boundaries will appearto be incomplete for certain states. In some situations, surfacecoal mining geospatial da
37、ta may not have been collected forthose states. In others, it is not applicable.4.5 This standard conforms to the definition of a DataContent Standard as promulgated by the U.S. Federal Geo-graphic Data Committee (FGDC). Terminology and definitionsfor identifying geographical features and describing
38、 the datamodel has been adopted from the FGDC Spatial Data TransferStandard (ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003) and the FGDCFramework Data Content Standard (FGDC Project 1574-D)Information TechnologyGeographic Information FrameworkData Content Standard, Part 5: Governmental Unit and OtherGeographic Area B
39、oundaries.4.6 Although this standard is written specifically for thesurface coal mining industry, its general purpose and contentare applicable to other surface mining operations.5. Procedure5.1 IntroductionThe list of Surface Coal Mining Bound-ary individual location characteristics (also known as
40、at-tributes) represent the minimum data elements necessary todevelop and maintain a nationwide geospatial data set depict-ing surface coal mining locations. The data set may be servedas a layer in The National Map (http:/nationalmap.gov), anonline, interactive map service sponsored by a consortium o
41、fUS Federal, State, and local partners and hosted by the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS).7The National Map provides aconsistent framework for high-quality, geospatial data andinformation from multiple partners to enhance Americasability to access, integrate, and apply current, accurate, andnationally c
42、onsistent digital data at global, national, and localscales.5.2 Coordinates and Related DataCoordinates and re-lated geospatial data allow surface coal mining boundaries tobe accurately positioned on the earths surface in a variety ofrecognized datum, grid systems, and geographic projections.The sur
43、face coal mining boundaries are compiled from variousSMCRA state and tribal data resources that utilize differentdatum, coordinate, and projection systems. All data will haveidentified datum, coordinate, and projection systems withassociated precision values, accuracy values, or both, and willbe re-
44、projected to match the spatial reference parametersutilized in The National Map. The North American Datum of1983 (NAD 83) should be used as the datum. Many states havelegislated the use of NAD 83. ANSI INCITS 61-1986 (R2002)provides guidance on representation of coordinates.5.3 OSMRE will coordinate
45、 with the National Map DataSteward (NMDS) to make available a service containing accessto a national dataset of surface coal mining boundaries. Thisnational dataset will have the minimum attributes specified inTable 1. Extraneous attributes or fields will be removed. TheNMDS will perform a format ch
46、eck to determine if thesubmittal meets the standard. The NMDS also will conduct atechnical review of the data to assess the accuracy andcharacteristics of the data files. If errors are found or questionsabout the data arise, interaction between OSMRE and theNMDS may be needed to resolve issues befor
47、e the process canbe continued.5.3.1 X-CoordinateUniversally longitude, however, mostcoordinate systems are convertible to longitude (See PracticesD 5254 and D 5911).5.3.2 Y-CoordinateUniversally latitude, however, mostcoordinate systems are convertible to latitude (See PracticesD 5254 and D 5911).5.
48、3.3 Size MeasurementsDistance in feet or meters, orland area in acres or hectares, derived from the X and Ycoordinate positions for length and width of a surface coalmining boundary.7USGS National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192,www.usgs.gov.TABLE 1 AttributesSurface CoalMining
49、BoundaryAttributeDefinition Example Data Type Domain CommentPermittee To whom thepermit is issuedACME CoalMining Co., Inc.Text Text, NAPermit ID Unique identifier 1201834 Text Numbers,alphanumeric text, NAPermit Status Status of mine permit Active Text Active, inactive,foreited, revoked,interim, final bond releaseStatus of mineaccording to the permitCalculated Area System calculatedarea of permit (acres)23 400 Numeric Positive real number For comparisonwith reported valueReported Area Permit area ofpermit (acres)23 600 Numeric Posit
