1、Designation: D7385 13Standard Guide forEstimating Carbon Saturation by Temperature Rise uponImmersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7385; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the measurement of the temperaturerise resulting from the heat of immersion when a known massof a specified or
3、ganic liquid is added to a sample of activatedcarbon. If the carbon has been in use as an adsorbent and maytherefore be partially or fully exhausted, its degree of satura-tion may be estimated by comparing its temperature rise withthat of an unused sample of the same activated carbon.1.2 The values
4、stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE300 Prac
6、tice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Terminology3.1 Terms related to this guide are defined in TerminologyD2652.4. Summary of Guide4.1 A measured volume of activated carbon is added to aknown volume of a selected organic liquid in a containerprovided with means to measure the liquid temperature.
7、 Theapparatus is sealed after the addition of the carbon and themaximum rise in temperature is recorded. The degree ofsaturation of a used carbon is estimated by comparing itstemperature rise with that of the original unused activatedcarbon of equivalent moisture content, measured under thesame cond
8、itions. If no such reference sample is available, acommercial unused activated carbon of the same physical typefrom a reputable manufacturer may be substituted; suchsubstitution should be noted in the report.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is often useful to estimate the degree of saturation,and hence
9、 the expected remaining service life, of activatedcarbon that has been in use for some time. This guide isapplicable when such information must be obtained fairlyrapidly under field conditions without access to optimal ana-lytical instruments.36. Apparatus and Materials6.1 ApparatusThe apparatus sho
10、uld consist of a containersuch as a small bottle or flask to accommodate the carbon, theorganic liquid, and a thermometer or thermocouple with arange to allow for a temperature rise of up to about 30 C,graduated in intervals of 0.5 C, with facility to interpolate to60.1 C. A liquid-in-glass thermome
11、ter should not usemercury, because of the greater risk of breakage under fieldconditions. The container should be provided with a rubberstopper or other suitable closure to seal the contents after thecarbon has been added to the organic liquid. Appropriatecontainers include an Erlenmeyer or Florence
12、 flask of about125 to 250 mL capacity or a similar-sized narrow-neckedbottle.6.2 MaterialsMany organic liquids that are insoluble inwater but readily soluble in other adsorbates that may alreadybe on the carbon are potentially useful. Those that have beentried include mineral oil, hexane, cyclohexan
13、e, and kerosene.Mineral oil is essentially harmless and not readily flammable,so its use does not require warnings for personnel untrained inhandling laboratory chemicals, but it has the disadvantage of1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on ActivatedCarbonand is the direct re
14、sponsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas PhaseEvaluation Tests.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7385 07. DOI:10.1520/D7385-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
15、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3H.W. Stone and R.O. Clinton, Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 14, 131 (1942)Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
16、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1high viscosity, which may inhibit rapid mixing with the carbon.Mineral oil and kerosene are mixtures, not pure chemicals, sothey are best suited for comparative results when samples fromthe same batch are used. Commercial hexane is also impure
17、,but small differences in adsorptivity among its isomers may notseriously affect the precision of the method. Cyclohexanegenerally contains fewer isomers and may be used instead.7. Procedure7.1 The procedure applies to unimpregnated activated car-bon with a moisture content not greater than about 10
18、 percentby weight. Carbons with greater moisture content can also beused but the results may be less reproducible. In any case, thecarbon should be free-flowing, not agglomerated. If the carbonis taken from an adsorber with bulk water, drain the water andlet the carbon dry in air before testing it.A
19、ctivated carbons thatincorporate catalysts or are especially formulated for catalyticactivity may also be used.7.2 About 20 6 0.1 mL of the organic liquid is placed in thecontainer and its temperature is noted and recorded. About 106 1 mL of the carbon, at the same ambient temperature, isquickly add
20、ed to the liquid, which must completely cover thecarbon; if not, the quantities should be readjusted as neededand the procedure repeated. A convenient method for measur-ing carbon volume is described in Test Method D2854. Thecarbon is delivered into an appropriately sized graduatedcylinder by free f
21、all from a vibrating feeder. The container withits thermometer or thermocouple is sealed and the contentsshaken. If the test is carried out under field conditions wherethe ambient temperature may be rapidly changing, a standbycontrol vessel containing only the organic liquid, to monitorsuch change a
22、nd to provide an appropriate temperature, may beused. The temperature is measured every 30 s until it reachesa maximum, which is then recorded.7.3 A parallel test should be carried out on a sample of theunused carbon taken from the same batch as the carbon undertest.8. Calculation8.1S 5t new 2 t use
23、dt new3100% (1)where:S = degree of saturation of the carbon, %t new = temperature rise of the unused carbont used = temperature rise of the used carbon9. Keywords9.1 activated carbon; carbon saturation ; carbon adsorptivecapacity; spent activated carbonASTM International takes no position respecting
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25、d is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International
26、 Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Thi
27、s standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7385 132
