1、Designation: D7417 10D7417 17Standard Test Method forAnalysis of In-Service Lubricants Using Particular Four-PartIntegrated Tester (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, InfraredSpectroscopy, Viscosity, and Laser Particle Counter)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7417; the number immedia
2、tely following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1
3、This test method covers the quantitative analysis of in-service lubricants using an automatic testing device that integratesthese varied technologies: atomic emission spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, viscosity, and particle counting.1.2 This is suited for in-service lubricating oils having visco
4、sities in the range between ISO 10 and ISO 320 and properties inthe ranges given in Tables 1 and 2.1.3 This test method may be used to establish trends in wear and contamination of in-service lubricants and may not giveequivalent numerical results to current ASTM test methods.1.4 This test method is
5、 not intended for use with crude oil.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
6、 user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9 and 11.3.)1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance wit
7、h internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
8、D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titratio
9、nD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids byRotating Disc El
10、ectrode Atomic Emission SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by TrendAnalysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)Spectrometry
11、2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4406:99 Hydraulic Fluid Power Solid Contaminations CodeISO 11171 Automatic Particle Counter Calibration Procedures1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
12、teeD02.96.07 on Integrated Testers, Instrumentation Techniques for In-Service Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2010October 2017. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD7417 10. DOI: 10.1520/D7417-10.10.1520/D7417-17.2 Fo
13、r referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25
14、 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all
15、changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100
16、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 electrode, nin an integrated tester, set of two (upper and lower) used in excitation of wear metals during emissionspectroscopic testing.3.1.2 emission spectrometer, ncomponent used t
17、o report elements in parts per million in lubricants. This process measures 20different wear/additive metals that can be present in the used lubricant after the oil has been in service for a period of time. TestMethod D6595 can be used for reference or definition.3.1.3 infrared spectrometer, ncompon
18、ent used to report condition and contamination of the lubricant (for example, water,oxidation, fuel dilution (gasoline and diesel), nitration, glycol, soot, calculated viscosity, and base number). Practice E2412 canbe used for reference or definition.3.1.4 integrated tester, ninstrument used to anal
19、yze in-service lubricants for maintenance, preventative maintenance andservice recommendations. This instrument utilizes any combination of the following: emission spectrometer, infrared device,viscometer, and particle counter.43.1.5 sample transport system, nin an integrated tester, computer contro
20、lled assembly that directs the oil samples throughoutthe integrated tester.3.1.6 spark chamber, nin an integrated tester, area housing the upper and lower electrodes for emission spectrometer.3.1.7 viscometer, nin an integrated tester, a viscometer using calibrated measurements similar to a kinemati
21、c viscometercapable of reporting viscosity at 40C40 C or 100C100 C in centistokes (cSt), and providing a calculated viscosity index. Theresults are also used to determine fuel dilution in diesel lubricants. Reference to Test Method D445, Practice D2270, or TestMethod D7042 can be used as a reference
22、 for viscosity definition. Although the integrated tester does not print out SI units formeasuring viscosity, reporting in mm2/s can be determined.4 The sole source of supply of the apparatus (OSA Lab Four Part Analyzer (MicroLab 40 and accessories) known to the committee at this time is On-Site Ana
23、lysis, Inc.,7108 Fairway Drive, Suite 130, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 (manufacturing division in Marlborough, MA), www.on-. Spectro Scientific, Inc., OneExecutive Dr., Suite 101, Chelmsford, MA 01824, . If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Internationa
24、lHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.TABLE 1 Element Test Parameters Measured, Calculated, and ReportedElement Low Range, mg/kg High Range, mg/kg Element Low Range, mg/kg High Range, mg/kgAluminum 5
25、 to 100 NA Molybdenum 10 to 1000 NABarium 25 to 150 150 to 2000 Nickel 5 to 100 NABoron 5 to 100 100 to 1000 Phosphorous 100 to 600 600 to 4000Calcium 25 to 500 500 to 9000 Potassium 10 to 1000 1000 to 4000Chromium 8 to 100 NA Silicon 5 to 150 150 to 3000Copper 5 to 500 500 to 1000 Sodium 10 to 1000
26、 NAIron 6 to 1000 1000 to 3000 Tin 6 to 100 NALead 6 to 150 NA Titanium 8 to 100 NAMagnesium 5 to 100 100 to 3000 Vanadium 7 to 100 NAManganese 5 to 100 NA Zinc 8 to 100 100 to 4000TABLE 2 Physical Properties Parameters Measured, Calculated, and ReportedNOTE 1Review Test Method D4739 and D2896 for p
27、articular lubricating oil applications.Physical Property RangeWater, wt% 0.1 to 3Water, % by mass 0.1 to 3Glycol, wt% 0.1 to 2Glycol, % by mass 0.1 to 2Soot, wt% 0.1 to 4Soot, % by mass 0.1 to 4Fuel Dilution, wt% 0.1 to 15Fuel Dilution, % by mass 0.1 to 15Oxidation, abs. 0.1 to 50Nitration, abs. 0.1
28、 to 35Calculated Viscosity - IR 4 to 35 (100 cSt)Viscosity 40C, cSt (optional) 30 to 320Viscosity 40 C, cSt (optional) 30 to 320Viscosity 100C, cSt (optional) 5 to 25Viscosity 100 C, cSt (optional) 5 to 25Viscosity Index 5 to 150Base Number, mg KOH/g 1.0 to 17Base Number, mg/g KOH 1.0 to 17D7417 172
29、3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 electrode gap, nin an integrated tester, specific distance between the upper and lower electrodes in the spark chamber.3.2.2 particle counter, ncomponent in this particular integrated tester that is used to count particles using laser andhigh-
30、resolution digital counter reporting in 4 m(c), 6 m(c), 14 m(c) or 2 m, 5 m, 15 m, 4 m(c), 6 m(c), 14 m(c) or 2 m,5 m, 15 m, using ISO 11171 calibration method and or ISO 4406:99 reporting method.3.2.3 sanitized cleaning swabs, nin an integrated tester, used to clean the electrodes after each sample
31、 analysis.3.3 Abbreviations:AES = Atomic Emission SpectroscopyIR = InfraredOEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of in-service lubricant is collected into a clean, new 120 mL 120 mL sample bottle from the equipment beingtested, preferably within 30 min 30 min of
32、equipment shutdown. Lubricant description and service information should be recordedfor proper evaluation. The integrated tester is prepared for analysis according to the operations manual and on-screen prompts. Thelubricant sample is placed into the sample transport system and is analyzed using ava
33、ilable integrated devices. The applicationsoftware guides the entire procedure, controls the transfer of the sample, stores data, and generates on screen and printed resultswith a printed generic recommendation of the lubricants physical condition.5. Significance and Use5.1 The integrated tester is
34、primarily used to perform on-site analysis of in-service lubricants used in the automotive, highwaytrucking, mining, construction, off-road “mining,” marine, industrial, power generation, agriculture, and manufacturing industries.5.2 The immediate results of analysis of in-service lubricants are cri
35、tical when performing proactive and preventativemaintenance. On-site oil analysis, when used in conjunction with these programs, allows continuous system monitoring andcontamination control potentially improving equipment “up-time” and equipment life.6. Interferences6.1 Sample SizeUsing less than th
36、e required 130 mL 130 mL of sample for the analysis may result in erroneous numbers.6.2 High ConcentrationOf a contaminant such as water and or soot in the IR device might cause other parameters to beblocked out in the IR band resulting in a default returned value of not applicable or “n/a” for thes
37、e other parameters.7. Apparatus7.1 Integrated TesterThe particular integrated tester will incorporate two or more of the following sensors: an emissionspectrometer, an infrared device, a viscometer, or a particle counter.7.2 Emission SpectrometerConsists of an excitation source, spark stand, and opt
38、ical system.7.3 Infrared DeviceConsists of an infrared source, sample cell, and optical system.7.4 Dual Temperature ViscometerConsists of a temperature controlled sample reservoir and electronic control system.7.5 Particle CounterConsists of a sophisticated sensor cell using red laser light extincti
39、on technology utilizing the ISO 11171calibration and ISO 4406:99 reporting.7.6 Sample ContainerSample container of no less than 118 mL 118 mL that is free of contaminants shall be used for thein-service oil samples and shall be discarded after use. The maximum dimensions of 10.8 cm high, 8.9 cm 10.8
40、 cm high, 8.9 cmin diameter, and an opening of no less than 1.6 cm 1.6 cm shall be used.7.7 Sonic BathWater-filled, vibrating tool used to be sure that all of the contamination is in suspension in the lubricant sample.This is mostly used when preparing a lubricant sample for a particle count analysi
41、s procedure.7.8 Computer Application Software and Operations ManualThe computer application software provides the functionality forthe particular integrated tester; an electronic user with help screens and a condensed reference manual for quick reference,interface, hierarchical equipment database to
42、 store, analyze and manage data, embedded logic for data interpretation; and automaticreporting tools. A complete operations manual and troubleshooting guide accompany the software application.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 The particular integrated tester uses the following supplies which are availab
43、le from the manufacturer to ensure accurateoperation of the integrated tester:8.1.1 ElectrodesA high-purity silver electrode set (upper and lower).D7417 1738.1.2 Cleaning FluidAn environmentally safe mineral oil, to clean the instruments internal flow system. The cleaning solutionin most cases can a
44、lso be used as the base oil for the calibration of the instrument. This product is a nonflammable productconsisting of technical grade Semtol White Mineral Oil.58.1.3 Test StandardThis solution is intended for use as a calibration standard for the integrated tester. It is a multi-elementsolution of
45、Primol N3526 that was prepared with neutral oil as a functional antioxidant for specific concentrations. The certifiedconcentrations are based upon the assayed concentrations of the raw materials and the gravimetric procedures used to prepare thefinal standard. The uncertainty associated with each c
46、ertified concentration is 6262 mg mg/kg kg (parts per million). In orderto verify these certified values, the final solution was analyzed by plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP).NOTE 1The manufacturer guarantees the accuracy of this solution until the expiration date shown, provided it is kept tightly
47、 capped and stored inoriginal bottle under normal laboratory conditions. Do not refrigerate or store in direct sunlight. Minimize exposure to moisture or high humidity. It isrecommended that the solution be thoroughly mixed, by shaking the bottle, prior to use.8.1.4 High Viscosity FluidFor use with
48、viscometer only. This fluid is blended with known viscosities and is periodicallyanalyzed to confirm calibration or to recalibrate the viscometer. It consists of a highly refined mineral oil and a detergent/dispersantengine oil additive package.8.1.5 Low Viscosity FluidFor use with viscometer only.
49、This fluid is blended with known viscosities and is periodicallyanalyzed to confirm calibration or to recalibrate the viscometer. It consists of a highly refined mineral oil and a detergent/dispersantengine oil additive package.8.1.6 Reference OilUsed to verify accuracy of physical property test results reported by infrared device. The reference oil hasknown physical properties which are tested against the infrared device using the software to determine standardization. It consistsof a highly
