1、Designation:D742211 Designation: D7422 12Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils f
3、or performance characteristics, includinglead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running onultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.1.1.1 This test method also provides the pro
4、cedure for running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as theT-12A. The procedures for the T-12 and T-12A are identical with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A9.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding sectio
5、n of the T-12 procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters,tubing size, and single so
6、urce supply equipment specifications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimit
7、ations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum P
8、roductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method
9、for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of
10、 Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
11、D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustio
12、n of Aviation Fuels1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 2008. Last
13、previous edition approved in 2010 as D742210a. DOI:10.1520/D7422-11.Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D742211. DOI:10.1520/D7422-12.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this tes
14、t method by means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 111.113.3For referencedASTM standards,
15、visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM st
16、andard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by A
17、STM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquid
18、s by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD473
19、9 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission S
20、pectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of theAromatic Content and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuels andAviationTurbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
21、Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield S
22、tress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low TemperatureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 National Archives and Records Administration:4Code of Federal Regulations Titl
23、e 40 Part 86.310-793. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combus
24、tion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to thatof a standard.3.1.
25、4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing of exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen ox
26、ides(NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation c
27、ontinuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method; suchas
28、 running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedures, or usingmodified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious aci
29、dic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion,or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testin
30、g facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or toevaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that d
31、oes not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand, using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the requirementsin the test method, and conducted in accordance with the specified operating conditions.3.1.14 te
32、st parameter, na specified component, property, or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel, lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density,temperature, humidity, pressure, and viscosity; and of conditions are flow rate, time, speed, volume
33、, length, and power. D41754Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7422 1223.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be
34、removed by solvents butnot by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resultingfrom mechanical or chemical action or a combination of both. D41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation invol
35、ves use of a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). Awarm-up and a 1 h break-in are followed by a two-phase test consisting of 100 h at 1800 r/min and 200 h at 1200 r/min, both atconstant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosity in
36、crease and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble, solvent-clean, measure, and rebuild, the engine power section using allnew pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rod bearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean the eng
37、ine crankcase and replace worn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for controlling speed, load,torque, and various engine operating conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils in turbocharge
38、d and intercooled four-cyclediesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oil analysis and componentmeasurements before and after test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure ar
39、e followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III, electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit pumps,using 2002 cylinder heads, P/N 11GBA81025 (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charg
40、e air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The bore and stroke are (124 by 165) mm, and the displacement is 12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relatively free of dirt and other contaminants as required by good laboratorystandards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, and co
41、ntrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent accumulationof dirt and other contaminants on engine parts and aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-12 Test EngineThe engine is available from Mack Trucks, Inc. A complete parts list is shown in Ta
42、ble A2.1.Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in Table A2.1, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling system. Pressurizethe system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa. Use the coolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use
43、a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cooling system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger, reservoir,and water-out temperature control valve. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the engine and
44、the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flow in aneffort to observe and prevent localized boiling. Block the thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cooling system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger, reservoir,and coolant-out temperature
45、control valve. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the EGR coolers and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flowin an effort to observe and prevent localized boiling. The coolant flow
46、direction is to be parallel (concurrent) with the EGR gasflow. Every reasonable attempt should be made to ensure that the EGR temperatures leaving the coolers are very similar. Fig.A1.3shows the coolant flow to and from the EGR coolers, respectively.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a c
47、onstant oil level in the pan, provide an additional 9.5 L sump by using a separate closed tank connectedto the sump. Circulate oil through the tank with an auxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A1.1. The No. 6 andNo. 8 Aeroquip5lines are to have inside diameters of 10 mm and 13 mm, r
48、espectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line.Equivalent lines may be substituted for Aeroquip5lines provided they have the proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on the exhaust side of the oil pan, down from the oil pan rail 127 mm, andback from the front of
49、the pan 178 mm. This location is directly above the oil sump temperature thermocouple. Refer to Fig.A1.4.Connect the auxiliary oil system return line to the power steering pump cover on the front timing gear cover. Refer to Fig. A1.5.Connect the auxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipstick tube opening.5Aeroquip lines are available at local industrial hose suppliers.D7422 1236.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 shall be used as the auxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.66.2.4 Oil Cooling
