1、Designation: D 7482 08An American National StandardStandard Practice forSampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons forMercury Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the types of and preparation ofcontainers found most suitable for th
3、e handling of hydrocarbonsamples for the determination of total mercury.1.2 This practice was developed for sampling streams wherethe mercury speciation is predominantly Hg(0) present as amixture of dissolved Hg(0) atoms, adsorbed Hg(0) on particu-lates (for example, carbonaceous or mineral fines an
4、d Fe2O3)and suspended droplets of metallic mercury.1.3 The presence of suspended droplets of metallic mercury(often called “colloidal” mercury, since the droplet size can bevery small) can make obtaining a representative sample verydifficult for a variety of reasons (for example, non-isokineticsampl
5、ing of the liquid can result in over- or under-collection ofsuspended droplets and collection of mercury that has accu-mulated in dense larger drops and pools on the bottom ofpiping and in sample taps). Pay strict attention to the detailedprocedure (Section 7) to ensure representative samples arecol
6、lected.1.4 When representative test portions are collected andanalyzed in accordance with acceptable procedures, the totalmercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstand
7、ard.1.6 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA andmany state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury-contai
8、ning products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website(http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited bystate law.1.
9、7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Doc
10、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and Lubricants2.2 EPA Standard:3EPA Method 1669 Sampling Ambient Water for TraceMetals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels; July 1996;US Environmental Protection Agency3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions
11、 of terms used in this stan-dard, refer to Terminology D 4175.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 VOAVolatile Organic Analysis4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the sampling, storage, transport,and handling of hydrocarbon samples used for determiningmercury, and the precautions that need to be ta
12、ken to preventsample contamination and loss of analyte.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended for use in sampling liquidhydrocarbons including crude oils, condensates, refinery pro-cess intermediates, and refined products. Generally thesesamples are expected to contain mercury from the
13、 parts perbillion (10-9mass) to parts per million (10-6mass) range.5.2 This practice is not intended for use when samplingaqueous systems where the concentrations of mercury are oftenin the parts per trillion (10-12mass) range. These samples areoften better addressed by using the rigorously clean te
14、chniquesfrom the EPA Method 1669 “clean hands, dirty hands” sam-pling procedures.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 onElemental Analysis.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Pub
15、lished November 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from United States Environmen
16、tal Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.gov).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 This practice is not intended for use for liquefiedsamples, for which sp
17、ecial containers may be required forpressurized samples.5.4 The presence of mercury during crude oil production,transport, and refining can be an environmental and industrialhygiene concern.6. Apparatus6.1 Clear or Amber Borosilicate Glass, 40-mL or less involume; pre-cleaned by acid-washing; with P
18、TFE(polytetrafluoroethylene)-lined septum caps. These are com-monly referred to as VOA vials and are used for many watersamples using EPA methods.6.1.1 The use of 30-mL or smaller VOA vials may allowshipment of multiple sample vials as “excepted quantities”under IATA (International Air Transport Ass
19、ociation) regula-tions. Determine specific shipping requirements with the ap-propriate knowledgeable personnel.6.2 Alternate ContainersQuartz. Epoxy-lined, tin-lined,or steel cans for direct or sub-sample may not be acceptablebecause, in some cases, these types of containers show asignificant deplet
20、ion of mercury (see 9.1 and 9.2).6.2.1 Tin-lined steel cans, direct or sub-sample, are notacceptable.6.3 Chain of Custody Forms.6.4 Permanent Marking Pens.6.5 Resealable BagsClear, plastic, 1-L capacity.7. Sampling Procedure7.1 Employ the normal hydrocarbon sampling proceduresnecessary to obtain dis
21、crete and homogeneous samples. Eithergrab samples or composites from auto-samplers are allowed.Grab samples are preferred. When expecting particulates withadsorbed mercury or mercury droplets, iso-kinetic sampling isgreatly preferred.7.2 Wash the VOA vials with nitric acid, rinse with water,and dry.
22、7.3 Asample “set” is defined as three VOAglass vials. Eachvial is individually wrapped with a plastic bag, and then the setof three vials are overpacked in an appropriate container fortransport or shipping.Aset of three individually bagged samplevials may be bundled together and placed in a larger b
23、ag toseparate them from other sample sets included in the sameshipment. Adsorbant material may be packed around thebagged vials to further protect against damage during shippingand release of one or more of the sample vials if it ruptures.7.4 One sample set is required for each sampling event. Fillt
24、hree sample vials for each oil sampled as close to the samepoint in time as possible.7.5 Sampling shall be done directly into the VOA vials ifpossible. If it is necessary to sample into one container andthen transfer into the VOA vial, record the details of theoriginal container and sampling method,
25、 as well as the detailsof the transfer. Auto-samplers are acceptable, but the containerand plumbing materials and transfer details shall be docu-mented in the notebook or Chain of Custody (COC) form.7.6 Purge sample taps sufficiently immediately prior tosampling to remove any elemental mercury dropl
26、ets that haveaccumulated in the piping, valve, or crevices. In some cases,significant amounts of elemental mercury have been found toaccumulate in sample taps. Proper collection or recycling ofthe purge is important to prevent release of mercury andworker exposure.7.7 It is imperative that persons c
27、onducting or supervisingthe sampling procedure understand the conditions that causeevaporative or other loss of mercury. While bulk mercurydroplets are not highly volatile (vapor pressure 1 L).10. Pollution Prevention and Waste Management10.1 Draw samples in accordance with both the facilityrequirem
28、ents and applicable laws and regulations. Appropriatepersonal protective equipment shall be worn at all times.Return purge streams directly to the process, or collect fordisposal or recycling.10.2 Free elemental mercury, collected as a separate mate-rial or contained with the hydrocarbon sample, sha
29、ll be treatedwith extreme caution. Personal exposure to vapors from freemercury droplets or puddles can exceed exposure limits.Appropriate personal protective equipment shall be worn bythe sampling team whenever exposure is possible.10.3 Elemental mercury can be collected (for example,using a mercur
30、y vacuum) for disposal, or rendered lesshazardous by treating with various sulfur compounds or finelydispersed metal powders (for example, zinc, when activated bymild acid wash) to convert it to less-volatile and less toxiccompounds. Facility procedures for responding to releases ofelemental mercury
31、 shall be applied.10.4 Disposal of mercury-contaminated materials, elemen-tal mercury, or mercury compounds shall be referred to thefacility hazardous waste coordinator.11. Keywords11.1 handling; mercury; mercury analysis; sampling; stor-ageD7482083BIBLIOGRAPHY(1) Bloom, N. S., Fresenius Journal of
32、Analytical Chemistry, Vol 366,2000, pp. 438-443.(2) Wilhelm, S. M., Kirchgessner, D. A., Liang, L., and Kariher, P. H.,“Sampling and Analysis of Mercury in Crude Oil,” ElementalAnalysis of Fuels and Lubricants: Recent Advances and FutureProspects, Nadkarni, R. A. Kishore, editor, STP1468, ASTMIntern
33、ational, 2005, p. 183.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringeme
34、nt of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or
35、for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views kno
36、wn to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D7482084
