1、Designation: D7482 08D7482 14Standard Practice forSampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons forMercury Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of h
3、ydrocarbon samplesfor the determination of total mercury.1.2 This practice was developed for sampling streams where the mercury speciation is predominantly Hg(0) present as a mixtureof dissolved Hg(0) atoms, adsorbed Hg(0) on particulates (for example, carbonaceous or mineral fines and Fe2O3) and su
4、spendeddroplets of metallic mercury.1.3 The presence of suspended droplets of metallic mercury (often called “colloidal” mercury, since the droplet size can be verysmall) can make obtaining a representative sample very difficult for a variety of reasons (for example, non-isokinetic sampling ofthe li
5、quid can result in over- or under-collection of suspended droplets and collection of mercury that has accumulated in denselarger drops and pools on the bottom of piping and in sample taps). Pay strict attention to the detailed procedure (Section 7) toensure representative samples are collected.1.4 W
6、hen representative test portions are collected and analyzed in accordance with acceptable procedures, the total mercuryis representative of concentrations in the sample.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 W
7、arningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing p
8、roducts. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs website (http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be awarethat selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.7 This s
9、tandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
10、ASTM Standards:2D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants2.2 EPA Standard:3EPA Method 1669 Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels; July 1996; USEnvironmental Protection Agency3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms
11、 used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 VOAVolatile Organic Analysis1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Anal
12、ysis.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2008October 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asD7482 08. DOI: 10.1520/D7482-08.10.1520/D7482-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cus
13、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.go
14、v).This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior
15、editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
16、2959. United States14. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the sampling, storage, transport, and handling of hydrocarbon samples used for determining mercury,and the precautions that need to be taken to prevent sample contamination and loss of analyte.5. Significance and Use5.1 This pract
17、ice is intended for use in sampling liquid hydrocarbons including crude oils, condensates, refinery processintermediates, and refined products. Generally these samples are expected to contain mercury from the parts per billion (10-9 mass)to parts per million (10-6 mass) range.5.2 This practice is no
18、t intended for use when sampling aqueous systems where the concentrations of mercury are often in theparts per trillion (10-12 mass) range. These samples are often better addressed by using the rigorously clean techniques from theEPA Method 1669 “clean hands, dirty hands” sampling procedures.5.3 Thi
19、s practice is not intended for use for liquefied samples, for which special containers may be required for pressurizedsamples.5.4 This practice is only suitable for stabilized samples which remain 100 % liquid at ambient conditions. For samples that ondepressurization lose some of the light hydrocar
20、bon ends it is important to note that elemental mercury may be lost duringsampling. Sampling modules which inject unstabilized liquid hydrocarbons close to process conditions directly to the mercuryanalyzer can be used to overcome this issue.5.5 In some refined streams and in tank samples free water
21、 may be present. Process streams that are water saturated maycondense water as the sample cools from process temperature to ambient temperature. Ionic mercury species are water soluble andthese water droplets may contain mercury or adsorb mercury over time.5.6 The presence of mercury during crude oi
22、l production, transport, and refining can be an environmental and industrial hygieneconcern.6. Apparatus6.1 Clear or Amber Borosilicate Glass, 40-mL or less in volume; pre-cleaned by acid-washing; with PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene)-lined septum caps. These are commonly referred to as VOA vials and a
23、re used for many water samplesusing EPA methods.6.1.1 The use of 30-mLor smaller VOAvials may allow shipment of multiple sample vials as “excepted quantities” under IATA(International Air Transport Association) regulations. Determine specific shipping requirements with the appropriate knowledge-able
24、 personnel.6.2 Alternate ContainersQuartz. Epoxy-lined, tin-lined, or steel cans for direct or sub-sample may not be acceptable because,in some cases, these types of containers show a significant depletion of mercury (see 9.1 and 9.2).6.2.1 Tin-lined steel cans, direct or sub-sample, are not accepta
25、ble.6.3 Chain of Custody Forms.6.4 Permanent Marking Pens.6.5 Resealable BagsClear, plastic, 1-L capacity.7. Sampling Procedure7.1 Employ the normal hydrocarbon sampling procedures necessary to obtain discrete and homogeneous samples. Either grabsamples or composites from auto-samplers are allowed.
26、Grab samples are preferred. When expecting particulates with adsorbedmercury or mercury droplets, iso-kinetic sampling is greatly preferred.7.2 Wash the VOA vials with nitric acid, rinse with water, and dry.7.3 A sample “set” is defined as three VOA glass vials. Each vial is individually wrapped wit
27、h a plastic bag, and then the setof three vials are overpacked in an appropriate container for transport or shipping. A set of three individually bagged sample vialsmay be bundled together and placed in a larger bag to separate them from other sample sets included in the same shipment.Adsorbant mate
28、rial may be packed around the bagged vials to further protect against damage during shipping and release of oneor more of the sample vials if it ruptures.7.4 One sample set is required for each sampling event. Fill three sample vials for each oil sampled as close to the same pointin time as possible
29、.7.5 Sampling shall be done directly into the VOA vials if possible. If it is necessary to sample into one container and thentransfer into the VOA vial, record the details of the original container and sampling method, as well as the details of the transfer.Auto-samplers are acceptable, but the cont
30、ainer and plumbing materials and transfer details shall be documented in the notebookor Chain of Custody (COC) form.D7482 1427.6 Purge sample taps sufficiently immediately prior to sampling to remove any elemental mercury droplets that haveaccumulated in the piping, valve, or crevices. In some cases
31、, significant amounts of elemental mercury have been found toaccumulate in sample taps. Proper collection or recycling of the purge is important to prevent release of mercury and workerexposure.7.7 It is imperative that persons conducting or supervising the sampling procedure understand the conditio
32、ns that causeevaporative or other loss of mercury. While bulk mercury droplets are not highly volatile (vapor pressure 1 L).10. Pollution Prevention and Waste Management10.1 Draw samples in accordance with both the facility requirements and applicable laws and regulations.Appropriate personalprotect
33、ive equipment shall be worn at all times. Return purge streams directly to the process, or collect for disposal or recycling.10.2 Free elemental mercury, collected as a separate material or contained with the hydrocarbon sample, shall be treated withextreme caution. Personal exposure to vapors from
34、free mercury droplets or puddles can exceed exposure limits. Appropriatepersonal protective equipment shall be worn by the sampling team whenever exposure is possible.10.3 Elemental mercury can be collected (for example, using a mercury vacuum) for disposal, or rendered less hazardous bytreating wit
35、h various sulfur compounds or finely dispersed metal powders (for example, zinc, when activated by mild acid wash)to convert it to less-volatile and less toxic compounds. Facility procedures for responding to releases of elemental mercury shallbe applied.10.4 Disposal of mercury-contaminated materia
36、ls, elemental mercury, or mercury compounds shall be referred to the facilityhazardous waste coordinator.11. Keywords11.1 handling; mercury; mercury analysis; sampling; storageBIBLIOGRAPHY(1) Bloom, N. S., Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol 366, 2000, pp. 438-443.(2) Wilhelm, S. M., Kirc
37、hgessner, D. A., Liang, L., and Kariher, P. H., “Sampling and Analysis of Mercury in Crude Oil,” Elemental Analysis of Fuelsand Lubricants: Recent Advances and Future Prospects, Nadkarni, R. A. Kishore, editor, STP1468, ASTM International, 2005, p. 183.D7482 144SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.03
38、has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D7482 08) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2014.)(1) Added new sections 5.4, 5.5, and 8.2.5 to include information on stability of mercury samples.ASTM International takes no position res
39、pecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This
40、standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Interna
41、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown bel
42、ow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 145
