1、Designation: D7514 09D7514 14Standard Test Method forEvaluating Ink Stainblocking of Architectural Paint Systemsby Visual Assessment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard provides a method for evaluating the ability of an architectural paint system to bl
3、ock ink stains from markersand writing instruments from bleeding through a primer into a topcoat.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
4、any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thick
5、ness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the
6、Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 stainblocking, nthe ability of a paint or coating to prevent stains from bleeding through into the top finish.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Asubstrate, typically a painted surface or an uncoated building material, is stained using a series
7、 of ink writing implements.4.2 The stained substrate is coated with the test paints and allowed to dry for a specified interval.4.3 The test paints are top-coated with a wall paint and the test paint/topcoat system is evaluated for stainblocking effectiveness.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard
8、 may be used by paint companies and raw material suppliers to assess effectiveness of interior architecturalprimers for blocking stains from bleeding through to a topcoat.5.2 In practice, different ink-stained substrates may give various results for stainblocking performance for a primer and topcoat
9、system. As such, this test method may be used for a number of different ink-stained surfaces.6. Apparatus6.1 Film applicator, such as a drawdown bar, capable of applying 0.075 to 0.100 mm (3 to 4 mil) wet film thickness with aminimum film width as needed to cover the test area defined in 9.2.6.2 Rul
10、er or suitable straight edge instrument.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2014. Pu
11、blished February 2009February 2014. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7514 09. DOI: 10.1520/D7514-09.10.1520/D7514-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
12、 Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically pos
13、sible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
14、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Reagents and Materials7.1 Substrate desired for testing. The substrate must be able to accept a variety of ink marks and must have a uniform flat surfaceto enable paint films to be applied with a drawdown bar applicator.Asealed drawdown chart coated
15、with a base paint is commonlyused.7.2 Staining media selected from among the following materials:7.2.1 Permanent marker.7.2.2 Washable marker.7.2.3 Dry erase marker.7.2.4 Ink pen.7.2.5 Highlighter.7.2.6 Other suitable writing implements as agreed upon between purchaser and seller.NOTE 1Parties invol
16、ved in comparing ink stainblocking results between laboratories must ensure the selected writing implements are from a commonsupply. This is important as inks may produce different staining effects depending on their age, storage conditions, or manufactured lot. Additionally, itmay be useful when re
17、placing ink pens or markers with a new supply to conduct a comparison of old and new to validate if new ink stainblocking resultswill correlate to historical findings.8. Hazards8.1 The user of this standard should refer to appropriate MSDS for hazards associated with handling of paint samples or oth
18、erlaboratory items used as specified in this standard.9. Procedure9.1 Substrate Preparation:9.1.1 If the primer/topcoat system is to be evaluated directly over an existing substrate that will accept ink stains, proceeddirectly to the ink-staining procedure in 9.1.3.9.1.2 If no specific substrate is
19、identified for the evaluation, a test substrate shall be prepared by coating a drawdown chart witha suitable basecoat as follows.9.1.2.1 Select a paint to use as a basecoat. Any commercially available white flat wall paint may be used for this purpose.NOTE 2Because different basecoat paints will var
20、y in how they accept the ink stains, performance can only be compared for tests using the samesubstrate system.9.1.2.2 Apply the selected basecoat paint to an all-white sealed drawdown chart to achieve a wet-film thickness ofapproximately 0.075 mm (3.0 mils). The application shall be conducted in ac
21、cordance with any appropriate practice described inPractices D823.9.1.2.3 The basecoat paint must cover enough of the width of the drawdown chart to enable smooth passage of the drawdownbar for subsequent coats of test paint. The progression of paint applications for this standard beginning with the
22、 basecoatapplication is represented in Fig. 1.9.1.2.4 Allow basecoat paint to dry overnight. Environmental conditions during drying of the basecoat paint are not critical tothe end test result, however, the basecoat paint should be Dry-Through as described in Test Methods D1640 before continuing.9.1
23、.3 Using a straight edge as a guide, make a series of solid stain lines perpendicular to the direction of the drawdown withvarious ink markers and pens as specified in 7.2. It is generally suggested to select inks of varying chemical composition such asthose having different carrier solvents.9.1.4 A
24、minimum of 2 colors of each marker and pen is recommended. Leave a minimum of 3 mm unstained area between eachstain line.D7514 142NOTE 3Selecting a variety of colors for each stain is recommended as this gives an indication of a coating systems stainblocking ability using acommon ink composition but
25、 with varying pigmentation. In practice, three or more colors are often selected to represent each ink.9.1.5 If the test will be run using Method A as described in 9.2.6.1, the distance between the top and bottom stain lines on thetest chart should not exceed the practical application width of the f
26、ilm applicator selected for applying the topcoat.9.1.6 Allow the marker and ink stains to dry minimum of overnight before proceeding.NOTE 4The duration of ink drying should be agreed upon before beginning the test. Additionally, stained panels should be stored in an environmentwith limited natural l
27、ight exposure.9.2 Application of Test Paint System:9.2.1 Application of test paint systems shall be conducted in accordance with Blade Film Application techniques described inPractice E of Practices D823.9.2.2 Using an appropriate film applicator, apply a 0.075 to 0.100 mm (3 to 4 mil) wet film of t
28、he test paint or primer sample(s)perpendicular to the direction of the ink stains. Be careful to ensure the edges of the drawdown bar remain on the surface of thesubstrate or basecoat along the entire length of the drawdown path. It is recommended to include a control paint or a paint of knownink st
29、ainblocking performance in addition to the test paint samples.NOTE 5Generally this test method is conducted as a comparison of two test paint systems with a single topcoat. However, additional test paints maybe simultaneously applied as described in 9.2.2 taking into consideration the available widt
30、h of the selected film applicator and substrate.9.2.3 Allow test paints to dry for 2 hours or other agreed upon time interval. Selected drying time should match or exceed therecommended drying time for the test paint. If drying time is uncertain, it can be determined using Test Methods D1640.9.2.4 I
31、f the test paint system is designed for use without an additional topcoat, proceed directly to final evaluation described inSection 10.9.2.5 Select a paint to use as a topcoat. The topcoat paint should represent a paint that would be applied over the test paints inpractice. If evaluating a self-prim
32、ing system, the test paint itself may be used as the topcoat.FIG. 1 Progression of Paint ApplicationsD7514 1439.2.6 Complete the panel by applying the selected topcoat using a film applicator to achieve a 0.075 to 0.100 mm (3 to 4 mil)wet film.9.2.6.1 Method AThe topcoat drawdown is cast so that it
33、is parallel to the applied direction of the ink stains on the substrate.9.2.6.2 Method BThe topcoat drawdown is cast so that it is perpendicular to the applied direction of the ink stains on thesubstrate.NOTE 6Method A is preferred when the test paint samples vary in dry film thickness or when more
34、than two test paints are applied to the same testpanel. Method B is preferred when the evaluator wishes to visually examine the un-topcoated section of test paint.9.2.7 Allow the panel to dry for 2 hours before final evaluation.10. Calculation or Interpretation of Results10.1 Visually evaluate each
35、marker or ink stain type on the panel using a standard 0 to 10 rating scale. Ratings may be assignedbetween the rating guidelines below based on judgment of the evaluator:10 Excellent. Staining is not visible through the topcoat. No stain is visible.8 Very good. Slight staining. Approximately 20 % o
36、f stain is visible.8 Very good. Slight staining. Approximately 20 % of stain is visible.6 Good. Moderate staining. Approximately 40 % of stain is visible.6 Good. Moderate staining. Approximately 40 % of stain is visible.4 Fair. Moderate to heavy staining. Approximately 60 % of stain is visible.4 Fai
37、r. Moderate to heavy staining. Approximately 60 % of stain is visible.2 Marginal. Heavy staining. Approximately 80 % of stain is visible.2 Marginal. Heavy staining. Approximately 80 % of stain is visible.0 Poor. Severe staining. Stain progressed through topcoat easily.0 Poor. Severe staining. Stain
38、progressed through topcoat easily.10.2 Record the individual score for each stain and color type.11. Report11.1 Rate each stain individually and report the average overall score across all stains.11.2 Optional Rating Schemes:TABLE 1 Stainblocking Rating (rating units, 0 to 10 scale)AveragexRepeatabi
39、lityStandardDeviationsrRepeatabilityLimitrTest Paint AMarks-A-Lot 8.3 0.28 0.8Dry Erase 9.6 0.22 0.6Crayola 8.0 0.22 0.6Ballpoint Ink 9.1 0.22 0.6Test Paint BMarks-A-Lot 8.2 0.24 0.7Dry Erase 9.6 0.45 1.3Crayola 7.1 0.58 1.6Ballpoint Ink 8.8 0.38 1.1TABLE 1 Stainblocking Rating (0 to 10 scale; 10 be
40、ing best)Material Marker Type ColorAverageX sr SRRepeatabilityrRepruducibilityRA Permanent Black 8.83 0.45 0.86 1.25 2.40A Permanent Red 3.53 0.55 1.75 1.53 4.91A Permanent Green 3.23 0.41 1.75 1.14 4.91A Washable Black 3.00 0.63 1.69 1.77 4.73A Washable Red 3.03 0.32 1.71 0.89 4.78A Washable Green
41、3.10 0.45 1.47 1.25 4.11B Permanent Black 8.60 0.41 1.10 1.14 3.09B Permanent Red 4.87 0.26 1.84 0.72 5.15B Permanent Green 5.07 0.18 2.05 0.51 5.75B Washable Black 3.83 0.66 2.01 1.84 5.63B Washable Red 3.83 0.66 1.78 1.84 4.98B Washable Green 3.90 0.61 1.68 1.70 4.70C Permanent Black 8.87 0.58 1.0
42、0 1.62 2.79C Permanent Red 2.70 0.48 1.09 1.35 3.04C Permanent Green 2.53 0.45 1.45 1.25 4.07C Washable Black 2.63 0.61 1.52 1.70 4.25C Washable Red 2.40 0.66 1.64 1.84 3.75C Washable Green 2.63 0.58 1.22 1.62 3.42D7514 14411.2.1 The average score for each type of writing instrument used.11.2.2 The
43、total score based on summation of averages for each writing instrument (a maximum 40 points when four types ofwriting instruments are used).12. Precision and Bias312.1 The precision of this test method is based on single laboratory test data of Testan interlaboratory study of ASTMD7514Method, D7514
44、conducted in 2008. Nine to thirteen replicate test results were measured for four different ink deliverysystems over two test coatings. Test Method for Evaluating Ink Stainblocking ofArchitectural Paint Systems by VisualAssessmentconducted in 2012. Each of ten laboratories tested three different mat
45、erials using two ink stain types in multiple colors. Every “testresult” reported represents an individual determination of the stainblocking rating. Except for the use of only a single laboratory,determination, and all participants reported triplicate test results. Practice E691 was followed for the
46、 design and analysis of thedata; the details are given in ASTM Research Report No. RR:D01-1176D011146. .12.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ bymore than the “The difference between repetitive results obtained by t
47、he same operator in a given laboratory applying the sametest method withr” value for that material; “ the same apparatus under constantr” is the interval representing the critical differencebetween two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the
48、same day in thesame laboratory. operating conditions on identical test material within short intervals of time would in the long run, in the normaland correct operation of the test method, exceed the following values only in one case in 20.12.1.1.1 Repeatability an be interpreted as maximum differen
49、ce between two results, obtained under repeatability conditions,that is accepted as plausible due to random causes under normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 1.12.1.2 Reproducibility (R)Reproducibility limits cannot be calculated from the results obtained in only one laboratory. Aninterlaboratory study is being organized to determine reproducibility limits.The difference between two single and independentresults obtained by different operators applying the same test method in different laboratories usin
