1、Designation: D7570 09Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Dimensional Stability of Pile Yarn FloorCovering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of dimen-sional changes in the lengthwise and widthwise direction anddistortion
3、likely to occur when pile floor coverings are exposedto various conditions of moisture and heat. This method isapplicable to all pile floor coverings including carpet moduleform.1.2 This method is applicable to machine made pile yarnfloor covering.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4、regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion to SI units that are proveded for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the u
5、ser of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Rel
6、ating to Pile Floor CoveringsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.21, Pile Yarn FloorCoverings, refer to Terminolo
7、gy D5684.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:backing, carpet, dimensional stability, cut pile yarn floorcovering, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering,lengthwise direction, pile yarn floor covering, textile floorcovering, tufted fabric, widthwise direction3.3 For defin
8、itions of other terms related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes the dimensional stability ofmachine made pile yarn floor coverings when subjected toheat, water and various atmospheric conditions. The dimen-sions of the specimen are measured
9、 in the original state andafter each stage of conditioning in the lengthwise and width-wise directions. The change in the dimensions are determinedand reported to the nearest .001 in. (.03 mm).5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of dimensional change of pile yarnfloor covering is useful in
10、quality and cost control duringmanufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance andperformance may be affected by the changes in the dimensionsof pile yarn floor covering. This test method is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipmentbecause current estimates of betw
11、een laboratory precision areacceptable, and this method is commonly used in the trade foracceptance testing.5.2 If there are differences of practical significance betweenreported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-tive tests should be performed to determine if there is astatistical
12、 bias between them using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparativetests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto e
13、ach laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted
14、 in consideration of the known bias.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. DOI:10.1520/D7570-09.2For referenced ASTM
15、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
16、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 Measuring Device, capable of measuring a dimension toan accuracy of 0.001 in. (0.03mm). A loading plate made ofmetal or glass with dimensions slightly smaller than the testspecimen or any other device capable of keeping the specimenflat during measure
17、ment of dimensional change.6.2 Support Plate, with a dimension slightly larger than thetest specimens on which to place specimen during measure-ment.6.3 Laboratory Oven, with forced ventilation capable ofmaintaining a temperature of 140 6 2 F (60 6 1 C)equipped with perforated racks or grids to perm
18、it free circula-tion of air.6.4 Water Basin, with dimensions slightly larger than thetest specimens, filled with tap water at 68 6 2 F (20 6 1C) containing 0.1 % Sodium Lauryl Sulfate.6.4.1 Weights, to allow full submersion of the specimen.6.5 Grids, to allow free circulation of air for conditioning
19、.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 0.1%.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Specimens presented for testing should be representa-tive of manufacturer production roll. If possible the specimenshall be tested in the size that it was submitted in order toprevent skewing of s
20、pecimen and test results. If specimen mustbe cut to accommodate testing equipment such as ovens ormeasuring apparatus it shall only be reduced to the minimalsize no smaller than 18 in. x 18 in. to meet these requirements.8.2 The specimen shall have clear identification on it toidentify the machine d
21、irection.8.3 For test samples 120 in. (3000 mm) wide or wider, threetest specimens are required for a test method, one at each edgeor no nearer the edge than 5% of the total floor covering widthand one in the middle portion of the laboratory sampling unit.For test samples at least 60 in. (1500 mm) w
22、ide but less than120 in. (3000 mm) take two test specimens, one at each edgeno nearer to the edge than 5% of the total floor covering width.For test samples less than 60 in. (1500 mm) wide, take onespecimen from the middle portion. For test samples of pile yarnfloor covering in carpet module form on
23、e carpet tile should beselected representative of the lot. For referee testing, selectthree carpet tiles .9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 The test equipment shall be verified and any adjustmentsmade before starting each test cycle.9.2 Fill water basin with a solution of 0.1% Sodium LaurylSulfate as d
24、irected in step 6.4.1.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Verification of the equipment should be made prior tostarting of test using a certified ruler or gauge blocks tracableto a national standard. Make any adjustments to the equipmentto assure accuracy of measuring device.11. Conditioning11.1
25、 Condition the specimen as directed in practice PracticeD1776 in standard atmosphere for testing textile, which is 706 2 F (21 6 1C)at656 2% relative humidity beforestarting the test.12. Procedure12.1 Place the specimen on the measuring device for length-wise and widthwise direction. Place the loadi
26、ng plate on thesample for ease of keeping the sample flat. A minimum of twomeasurements for each direction of the specimen shall betaken. The original measurements shall be marked with apermanent waterproof marker along the edge to ensure allmeasurements are repeated at the same point. The measure-m
27、ents shall be taken at least 1 in. (25 mm) from each corner ofthe specimen. Measure to the nearest 0.001in. (0.03mm).12.2 Place the specimen in a forced air oven for 2 h 6 15min at 140 6 2 F (60 61 C).12.3 After time in the oven has elapsed, remove the speci-men from the oven.12.4 Place the sample i
28、n the water basin with the water andsodium lauryl sulfate solution for 2 h 6 15 min. If specimenfloats in water, use a weighted object to keep the specimensubmerged in water.12.5 Remove the specimen from the sodium lauryl sulfatesolution , avoid distorting the shape of the specimen. Excesswater may
29、be removed by placing the specimen between sheetsof blotting paper.12.6 Place the wet specimen in the forced air oven at 1406 2 F (60 6 1 C) for 24 h 6 30 min and allow it to dry.12.7 Place the specimen on the grids for conditioning in acontrolled atmosphere at 70 6 2F(216 1 C), 65 6 2%relative humi
30、dity for a minimum of 48 hand repeat measuringinstructions as directed in 12.1.13. Calculation13.1 Calculate the measurement of the dimensional changefor the lengthwise and widthwise direction after 12.7 expressedto the nearest 001 in. (0.03 mm) using the following formula:DC5 lo2lcDC = Dimensional
31、Changelo = is the arithmetic mean of the original measurementlc = is the arithmetic mean of the measurement after 12.7.13.2 Calculate the measurement for lengthwise and width-wise direction. Indicate shrinkage by a minus sign and anincrease in the dimension by a plus sign. The dimensionalchange may
32、be measured and calculated for 12.3, 12.4, and12.5, and 12.6 if specified by the requestor for research anddevelopment purposes.NOTE 1The dimensional change can be calculated and reported as apercentage if specified by the requestor (see Appendix X1).14. Report14.1 Report the following information:1
33、4.1.1 State the test was conducted in accordance with TestMethod .14.1.2 Idenification and description of the material tested.D7570 09214.1.3 Any deviation from the test standard.14.1.4 Any relative comments to the standard.14.1.5 The dimensional change as determined in Section 12.14.1.6 f specified
34、 by requestor, the percentage in dimensionsas calculated in Appendix X1.15. Precision and Bias15.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of WK9474, Standard Test Method forDetermining the Dimensional Stability of Pile Yarn FloorCovering, conducted in 2007. Results in
35、this study wereobtained from five laboratories, testing three different types ofadhesive backed modular carpet tile. Every “test result” re-ported represents an individual determination. Each participat-ing laboratory reported three replicate test results for everymaterial. Except for the use of onl
36、y five laboratories, PracticeE691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data.15.1.1 Repeatability limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical di
37、fference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.15.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the in
38、terval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.15.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.15.1.4 Any judgm
39、ent in accordance with statements 15.1.1and 15.1.2 would normally have an approximate 95% prob-ability of being correct, however the precision statistics ob-tained in this ILS must not be treated as exact mathematicalquantities which are applicable to all circumstances and uses.The limited number of
40、 materials tested, and laboratoriesreporting results, guarantees that there will be times whendifferences greater than predicted by the ILS results will arise,sometimes with considerably greater or smaller frequency thanthe 95% probability limit would imply. The repeatability limitand the reproducib
41、ility limit should be considered as generalguides, and the associated probability of 95% as only a roughindicator of what can be expected. See Table 1, Table 2, Table3, and Table 4.15.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this t
42、estmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.15.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 180 results, from five laboratories, onthree materials. These three tiles were described as the follow-ing:15.3.1 Tile A: Extruded Back Modular Tile15.3.2 Tile B: P
43、VC Modular Tile15.3.3 Tile C: Polyurethane Modular Tile15.3.4 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it isrecommended to choose the type of tile / adhesive closest incharacteristics to the test tile.16. Keywords16.1 carpet; dimensional stability; modular carpet; pile yarnfloor covering; texti
44、le floor coveringTABLE 1 Length Change (in.)Tile AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationsRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 0.0043 0.0029 0.0031 0.0080 0.0088B 0.0061 0.0112 0.0112 0.0313 0.0313C 0.0058 0.0036 0.0053 0.0101 0.0148AThe average of the laborator
45、ies calculated averages.D7570 093APPENDIXX1. Dimensional Change Expressed as PercentageX1.1 Calculate at each measurement of the test the varia-tions observed and express as a percentage to the nearest0.05%, using the formula:lm lolo3 100 %where:lo= is the arithmetic mean of the initial measurements
46、,lm= is the arithmetic mean of measurements at each of thestage of the test.Indicate shrinkage by a minus sign and an increase in dimen-sions by a plus sign.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standar
47、d. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
48、 every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible t
49、echnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.
