1、Designation: D7578 18Standard Guide forCalibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis ofPetroleum Products and Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the testmethods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product
3、 andlubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is benefi-cial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistentresults across different laboratories.1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generallyencountered instrum
4、ent types. Anything out of the ordinarymay require special procedures. See individual test methods forinstructions to handle such situations.1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understand-ing of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, andadditional instrument preparatio
5、n that may be required.1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the testmethods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of thetest methods being used.1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample prepa-ration of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.Work is underway o
6、n these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03.As more information becomes available, it will be added to thisstandard.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety co
7、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance wit
8、h internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
9、:2D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD808 Test Method for Chlorine in Ne
10、w and Used PetroleumProducts (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum FractionsD1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubri
11、cating Oils andAdditivesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (FlamePhotometric Method)D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil1(Withdrawn 1997)3D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Co
12、mbustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)D1839 Test Method for Amyl Nitrate in Diesel FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2784 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petro-leum Gases
13、 (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp) (Withdrawn2016)31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Ori
14、ginallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7578 15. DOI:10.1520/D7578-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docu
15、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesT
16、his international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade
17、(TBT) Committee.1D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oilsand Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl MethodD3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (ElectrometricMethod)D3231 Te
18、st Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3246 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Gas by Oxida-tive MicrocoulometryD3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in LubricatingGreases by Flame Photometer (Withdrawn 2013)3D3341 Test Method
19、for Lead in GasolineIodine Mono-chloride MethodD3348 Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead inUnleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Method)D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuelsby Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission SpectroscopyD3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atom
20、icAbsorption SpectroscopyD4045 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHydrogenolysis and Rateometric ColorimetryD4046 Test Method for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels bySpectrophotometryD4047 Test Method for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils andAdditives by Quinoline Phosphomolybdate MethodD4294 T
21、est Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium,Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils byAtomic Absorp
22、tion SpectrometryD4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocar-bons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemi-luminescence DetectionD4927 Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricantand Additive ComponentsBarium, Calcium,Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-DispersiveX-Ray
23、Fluorescence SpectroscopyD4929 Test Method for Determination of Organic ChlorideContent in Crude OilD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke byAtomic Absor
24、ptionD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum andSilicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, andAtomic Absorption SpectrometryD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofU
25、sed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsD5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Prod-ucts (Field T
26、est Kit Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5600 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D
27、5622 Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen inGasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive PyrolysisD5708 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel,Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels byInductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic EmissionSpectrometryD5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in L
28、iquid Hydrocarbons,Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemi-luminescenceD5800 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of LubricatingOils by the Noack MethodD5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel,Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and ResidualFuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectr
29、ometryD6334 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline by WavelengthDispersive X-Ray FluorescenceD6443 Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Chlorine,Copper, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc inUnused Lubricating Oils and Additives by WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathemati
30、-cal Correction Procedure)D6445 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Withdrawn2009)3D6470 Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (PotentiometricMethod)D6481 Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus,Sulfur, Calcium, and Zinc in Lubrication Oils by En
31、ergyDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectroscopyD6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals andContaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used HydraulicFluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spec-trometryD6667 Test Method for Determination of Total VolatileSulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbon
32、s and Liquefied PetroleumGases by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6728 Test Method for Determination of Contaminants inGas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating DiscElectrode Atomic Emission SpectrometryD6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in JetFuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spe
33、ctrom-etryD7578 182D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petro-leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants TestingLaboratoriesD6920 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates,Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and MotorFuels by Oxidative Combustion and Electrochemical
34、 De-tection (Withdrawn 2018)3D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7040 Test Method for Determination of Low Levels ofPhosphorus in ILSAC
35、GF 4 and Similar Grade EngineOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometryD7041 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLiquid Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon-OxygenateBlends by Gas Chromatography with Flame PhotometricDetectionD7111 Test Method for Determination of Trace Eleme
36、nts inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D7171 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Dis-tillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution PulsedNuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyD7212 Test Method for Low Sulfur in Automotive Fuels byEnerg
37、y-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Us-ing a Low-Background Proportional CounterD7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Valida-tion of Inductively Cou
38、pled Plasma-Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES) for Elemental Analysis of Petro-leum Products and LubricantsD7303 Test Method for Determination of Metals in Lubri-cating Greases by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission SpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanolby P
39、otentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol andButanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-raphyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chlor
40、ide inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7343 Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling,Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of PetroleumProducts and LubricantsD7455 Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum
41、andLubricant Products for Elemental AnalysisD7622 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil UsingCombustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic AbsorptionMethod with Zeeman Background CorrectionD7623 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil UsingCombustion-Gold Amalgamation and Cold Vapor AtomicAbsorpti
42、on MethodD7691 Test Method for MultielementAnalysis of Crude OilsUsing Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D7740 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Valida-tion of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analy-sis of Petroleum Products and LubricantsD7751 Test Me
43、thod for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by EDXRF AnalysisD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD8110 Test Method for Elemental Analysis of DistillateProducts by Inductively Coupled Pla
44、sma Mass Spectrom-etry (ICP-MS)D8127 Test Method for Coupled Particulate and ElementalAnalysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for In-ServiceLubricantsD8150 Test Method for Determination of Organic ChlorideContent in Crude Oil by Distillation Followed by Detec-tion Using Combustion Ion Chromatography
45、E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan MechanicalBalancesE898 Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-ReadingLaboratory Scales and Balances2.2 NIST Standard:4NIST Special Publication 260-136 Definitions of Terms andModes Used
46、 at NIST for Value-Assignment of ReferenceMaterials for Chemical Measurements2.3 ISO Standard:5ISO Guide 30 Terms and definitions used in connection withreference materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibration standard, nmaterial with a certifiedvalue for a relevant property, issued by or
47、traceable to anational organization such as NIST, and whose properties areknown with sufficient accuracy to permit its use to evaluate thesame property of another sample. D67923.1.2 certified reference material, CRM, nreference mate-rial one or more of whose property values are certified by atechnic
48、ally valid procedure, accompanied by a traceable cer-tificate or other documentation which is issued by a certifyingbody. ISO Guide 303.1.3 check standard, nmaterial having an assigned(known) value (reference value) used to determine the accu-racy of the measurement system or instrument. This standa
49、rd is4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D7578 183not used to calibrate the measurement instrument or system.D71713.1.4 reference material, RM, nmaterial with acceptedreference value(s), accompanied by an uncertainty at a statedlevel of confidence for desired properties, which may be usedfor calibration or
