1、Designation: D7592 10D7592 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification forSpecification for Grade 94 Unleaded Aviation GasolineCertification and Test Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
3、purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intendedprimarily for use by purchasing agencies.1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline that contains no lead. It does not include all gasolinessatisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or cond
4、itions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower,range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the timeand place of delivery.1.4 The current purpose for the fu
5、el specified herein is for certification and testing of an engine and engine components.1.5 The UL94 standard is to be used for engine calibration and FAA certification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Re
6、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D357 Method of Test for
7、Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replaced byD 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)3D614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn1970)3D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (
8、Potential Residue Method)D910 Specification for Aviation GasolinesD1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics o
9、f Motor Fuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replacedby D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)3D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivit
10、y of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of
11、 ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.02 on Aviation GasolineJ2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010May 1, 2014. Published November 2010May 2014. Or
12、iginally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD7592 10. DOI: 10.1520/D759210.10.1520/D7592-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to t
13、he standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous
14、 version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes
15、 section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity o
16、f Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected b
17、y Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5006
18、Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod
19、ucts (Mini Method)D6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
20、:3.1.1 unleaded aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessing specific properties suitable for fueling aircraft powered byreciprocating spark ignition engines, where lead is not intentionally added for the purpose of enhancing octane performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties include volatility li
21、mits, stability, detonation-free performance in the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperature performance.4. Classification4.1 One grade of unleaded aviation gasoline is provided, known as:Grade UL94NOTE 1The above grade is based on its octane number as measured by Test Met
22、hod D2700 motor method.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Unleaded aviation gasoline, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refinedhydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or blends, thereof, with synthetic hydrocarbons or aromatichydrocarbo
23、ns, or both.5.2 AdditivesThese may be added to each grade of unleaded aviation gasoline in the amount and of the composition specifiedin the following list of approved materials.4 The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer. Additives added afterthe point of manufacture shall also
24、 be declared.5.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitors may be added to the gasoline separately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.5.2.1.1 2, 6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.5.2.1.2 2, 4-dimethyl-
25、6-tertiary butylphenol.5.2.1.3 2, 6-ditertiary butylphenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2, 6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.5.2.1.5 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-di
26、methyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiarybutylphenols.5.2.1.7 N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.5.2.1.8 N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.5.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of the following may be used:5.2.2.1 Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, pr
27、opan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). This maybe used in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.4 Supporting data (guidelines for the approval or disapproval of additives) have been filed atASTM
28、 International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting ResearchReport RR:D02-1125.D7592 142NOTE 2Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratings below minimum specification values in a similar manner to Specification D910Leaded Aviation Gasoline (see X1.2.3).55.2.2.2 Di-Ethylene
29、Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III),may be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume % when required by the aircraft owner/operator.5.2.2.3 Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.5.
30、2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 4506 in concentrations up to 3 mg/L is permitted. When loss of fuel conductivitynecessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, further addition is permissible up to a maximum cumulative level of5 mg/L of Stadis 450.65.2.4 Corrosion Inhibito
31、r AdditiveThe following corrosion inhibitors may be added to the gasoline in concentrations not toexceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) listed for each additive.DCI-4A MAC = 24.0 g/m3DCI-6A MAC = 15.0 g/m3HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m3UNICOR
32、J MAC = 22.5 g/m3SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m36. Detailed Requirements6.1 The unleaded aviation gasoline shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specifi
33、ed in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods. To determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may berounded to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, theaverage re
34、sult, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The unleaded aviation gasoline specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating. No substanc
35、es of known dangerous toxicity under usual conditionsof handling and use shall be present.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures inPractice D4057 or Practice D4177.8.1.1 Although automatic sampling following
36、 Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial refinery specificationcompliance testing shall be performed on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.8.2 A number of unleaded aviation gasoline properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are
37、 verysensitive to trace contamination which can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample containers, refer to PracticeD4306.9. Reports9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and t
38、he supplier of the unleaded aviation gasoline.10. Test Methods10.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:10.1.1 Knock ValueMON (Test Method D2700) and RON (Test Method D2699).10.1.2 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.1
39、0.1.3 DistillationTest Method D86.10.1.4 Vapor PressureTest Methods D323, D5190, or D5191.10.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.10.1.6 SulfurTest Method D2622.10.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Methods D4529 or D3338.10.1.8 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130, 2 h test at 100C in bomb.5 Support
40、ing data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1256.6 Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec, Inc., Innospec Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.D7592 14310.1.9 Potential G
41、umTest Method D873, except that wherever the letter X occurs (referring to oxidation time) insert thenumber 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.10.1.10 Water ReactionTest Method D1094.10.1.11 Electrical ConductivityTest Method D2624.10.1.12 Lead-Test MethodsTest Metho
42、ds D3237 or D5059 (Test Method C).11. Keywords11.1 Avgas; aviation gasoline; gasoline; unleaded Avgas; unleaded aviation gasolineTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Unleaded Aviation GasolineAOctane Ratings Grade 94 ASTM Test MethodBKnock value, Motor Octane NumberC min 94.0 D2700Knock value, Research
43、 Octane Num-berCmin Report D2699Identifying Color colorlessDensity at 15C, kg/m3 Report D1298 or D4052Distillation D86Initial boiling point, C ReportFuel Evaporated10 volume % at C max 7540 volume % at C min 7550 volume % at C max 10590 volume % at C max 135Final boiling point, C max 170Sum of 10 %
44、+ 50 % evaporatedtemperatures, Cmin 135Recovery volume % min 97Residue volume % max 1.5Loss volume % max 1.5Vapor pressure, 38C, kPa minmax38.049.0D323 or D5190 or D5191DVapor pressure, 38C, kPa minmax38.049.0D323 or D5191DFreezing point,C max -58E D2386Sulfur, mass % max 0.05 D2622Net heat of combu
45、stion, MJ/kgF min 43.5 D4529 or D3338Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100C max No. 1 D130Oxidation stability(5 h aging)G D873Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6Water reaction D1094Volume change, mL max 2Electrical conductivity, pS/m max 450H D2624Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.0130 D3237 or D5059A For comp
46、liance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.B The test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.C Knock ratings shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 octane number.D Test Method D5191 shall be the referee vapor pressure method.E If no crystals have appeare
47、d on cooling to 58C, the freezing point may be reported as less than 58C.F For all grades use either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. Test Method D4809 may be used as an alternative. In case of dispute,Test Method D4809 shall be used.G If mutually agreed upon betwee
48、n the purchaser and the supplier, a 16 h aging gum requirement may be specified instead of the 5 h aging gum test; in such case thegum content shall not exceed 10 mg/100 mL. In such fuel the permissible antioxidant shall not exceed 24 mg/L.H Applies only when an electrical conductivity additive is u
49、sed; when a customer specifies fuel containing conductivity additive, the following conductivity limits shall applyunder the condition at point of use:Minimum 50 pS/m.Maximum 450 pS/m.The supplier shall report the amount of additive added.D7592 144APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINEX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 Unleaded aviation gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons that vary widely in their physical andchemical properties. The engines and aircraft impose
