1、Designation: D7619 12aD7619 12bStandard Test Method forSizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle DistillateFuels, by Automatic Particle Counter1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method uses a specific automatic particle counter2 (APC) to count
3、 and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles,water droplets and other particles, in light and middle distillate fuel, and bio fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends, in theoverall range from 4 m(c) to 100 m(c) and in the size bands 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c).NOTE 1ASTM and military speci
4、fication fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975 grades 1D and 2D, D1655,D3699, D4814 (see 14.1.1.1), D6751, D6985, D7467 and , distillate grades of D396 and D2880., MIL-DTL-83133, and MIL-DTL-16884.NOTE 2For the purposes of this test method, water droplets ar
5、e counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a singlelarger particle. Dirt includes biological particles. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a sphere forthe purposes of this test method.NOTE 3The notation (c),
6、 used with particle sizes, is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. Strictly thisonly applies to particles up to 50 m.NOTE 4This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 100 m(c), however the precision has only been determined for the size
7、bands4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c). All measurements are per mL.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
8、 the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1655 Specifica
9、tion for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition
10、 Engine FuelD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distil
11、late FuelsD6985 Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel OilMilitary Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)4D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:4ADJ6300 D2PP Determination of Precision and Bias data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products1 This
12、test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 onStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2012. Published October 2012March 2013. Originally approve
13、d in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asD761912.12a. DOI: 10.1520/D7619-12A.10.1520/D7619-12B.2 The sole source of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is SETA-AvCount, available from Stanhope-Seta, London Street, Chertsey, Surrey KT16 8AP UK.If you are aware of alternative
14、suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration of a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servic
15、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Out of print.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made t
16、o the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summ
17、ary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ISO Standards:5ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration of Automatic Particle Counters for LiquidsISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid
18、 PowerFluidsMethod for Coding Level of Contamination by Solid ParticlesISO 12103-A1 Specification for Ultra Fine Test Dust (UFTD)ISO 12103-A3 Specification for Medium Test Dust (MTD)2.4 U.S. Dept. of Defense Specifications:6MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO
19、F-35, and JP-8+100 (NATO F-37)MIL-DTL-16884 Fuel, Naval Distillate3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 particles, nsolid particles and dispersed water droplets which are detected and counted by this test method.3.1.2 particle count, nthe sum of the number of solid p
20、articles and dispersed water droplets.3.1.3 particle size, m(c), nthe projected area equivalent diameter of spherical particles passing through the detecting cell inaccordance with ISO 11171.3.1.4 particle size cumulative count, nthe total number of particles per mL, in size bands, 4 m(c), 6 m(c), a
21、nd 14 m(c),3.1.4.1 DiscussionAutomatic particle counters may also count the total number of particles per mL, in size bands, in addition to those in 3.1.4, upto 100 m.3.1.5 ISO Codes, na standard method for coding the level of contamination by particles.3.1.5.1 DiscussionResults are expressed by ISO
22、 Codes as specified by ISO 4406. These codes are written in the form of x/y/z, where x, y and z areISO Codes equivalent to the cumulative counts, per mL, for particle size bands 4 m(c), 6 m(c), and 14 m(c) respectively.An example of this is given in Appendix X1.NOTE 5All particle counts are per mL.3
23、.1.6 coincidence error limit, nthe highest concentration of ISO ultrafine test dust (ISO 12103-A1 or ISO UFTD) that can becounted with an automatic particle counter with less than 5 % error resulting from the presence of more than one particle in thesensor/laser optical path at a time.3.1.7 test spe
24、cimen, nan aliquot of the test sample. (See Section 10.)4. Summary of Test Method24.1 The optical measurement cell comprises a light source and an optical sensor. The principle of operation is the measurementof laser light obscuration. Particles/droplets entrained within the test specimen cast shado
25、ws on the optical sensor causing areduction of the output voltage of the sensor. The voltage drop is a function of the particle/droplet size. Each detected particle iscounted, sized and recorded. Upon completion of the test the software calculates and displays the number of obscuration eventsfor eac
26、h of the predetermined size bands.4.2 The test specimen is mixed in its container to suspend the particles. Upon initiation of a test, the automatic particle counter(APC) draws the test specimen directly from a test specimen container (see Fig. A1.1). The test sequence commences by flushingthe optic
27、al measurement cell and pipework with 30 mL of the test specimen. This is immediately followed by the test of a 10 mLtest specimen where particles in each of the specified size bands are counted. This flushing and measurement is then repeated. Ifthe size band 4 m(c), per mL, measurements agree withi
28、n either 10 % or 200 counts, the measurements for each of the size bandsare averaged for each size band to give results, per mL, for each size band.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of distillate fuels, an
29、dliquid bio fuels. It is not applicable to on or in-line applications.5.2 This test method offers advantage over traditional filtration methods in that it is a precise rapid test, and advantage overvisual methods as it is not subjective.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
30、25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6 Copies of these documents are available online at https:/assist.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or http:/ or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.D7619 12b25.3 An increase in
31、 particle counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused by storage or transfer for example.5.4 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons and othermoving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metal
32、lurgy can provide vital information especially if the hardness ofparticles is also known from other sources.5.5 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (see A1.1.2). Somespecific applications may require measurements in other particle size b
33、ands.5.6 Obtaining a representative sample and following the recommended sample and test specimen preparation procedures andtimescales is particularly important with particle counting methods. (See Sections 8, 10, 14.1.4 and Note 8.)6. Apparatus6.1 Automatic Particle Counter (APC)2Operating on the l
34、aser light obscuration principle, comprising an optical measurementcell, bi-directional double pump, electronics and software to analyze the test specimen, and display and print the particlemeasurement data. (See Annex A1.)6.2 Test Specimen Container, cylindrical, made of glass or other suitable mat
35、erial, of at least 125 mL volume with provision forholding the test specimen input tube at least 10 mm above the bottom of the container, and a cap with a suitable inert internal seal.NOTE 6It is recommended that glass test specimen containers should be used to avoid any potential problems with part
36、icles adhering to the insidesof the containers due to static electricity that could occur with some samples or some specimen containers.6.3 Waste Container, for collecting the tested test specimen.6.4 Filter Apparatus, general purpose for filtering heptane or other solvents.6.4.1 Filters, cellulose,
37、 glass fiber or polycarbonate 0.45 m.6.5 Printer, to record details of the measurements and results.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Verification and Calibration Fluids7Containing ISO Medium Test Dust (MTD) as specified in specification ISO12103-A3.7.2 HeptaneReagent grade filtered down to 0.45 m.7.2.1
38、Prepare the heptane by filtering through a 0.45 m filter (see 6.4.1) contained in a filter apparatus (see 6.4) See 10.2.1.Store in a container prepared in accordance with 10.2. (Warning Extremely flammable, health hazard.)8. Sampling8.1 Unless otherwise specified, take a sample of at least 100 mL in
39、 accordance with Practices D4057, D5854, D4177, or othercomparable sampling practices.8.2 It is essential to take a representative sample, but avoid power mixing as this can modify the particles, break upagglomerated particles and entrain air. (See 14.1.4 and 10.1.2.)8.3 Use sample containers that a
40、re capable of transporting the sample without contamination. Examples of these are fullyepoxy-lined metal or amber colored glass containers with a threaded cap, fitted with an inert liner, forming a seal with the container.8.4 Prior to taking the sample, rinse the sample containers with the product
41、to be sampled at least three times. Each rinse shalluse product equal to 10 to 20 % of the container volume. A rinse shall include closing and shaking the container for a minimumof 5 s and then draining the product.8.5 Do not fill the sample container more than 90 % full. Overfilling affects the pre
42、paration of the test specimen as specifiedin 10.1.8.6 Ensure that any aliquots or sub-division of the sample results in representative samples being taken and remaining in theoriginal sample container. 10.1.2 and 10.1 recommend suitable procedures regarding this particle counting test method.9. Prep
43、aration of Apparatus9.1 Ensure that the APC2 is set up according to the instrument manufacturers operating instructions and the verification andcalibration requirements stated in both Section 11 and A1.1.4.9.2 Ensure that the mode of operation, specified for this test method by the manufacturer, is
44、selected.7 The sole source of verification and calibration fluids known to the committee at this time is Stanhope-Seta, London Street, Chertsey, Surrey KT16 8AP UK. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receiv
45、e careful consideration of a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D7619 12b39.3 Clean the outside of the test specimen input tube before each test sequence, by washing the outside in clean heptane oranother filtered solvent.9.4 At the start of any daily testing regime
46、, initiate a test sequence using filtered heptane.9.5 If a test specimen is tested that has a 4 m(c) measurement of over 20 000 particles per mL, perform a complete testsequence (two flushes and two measurements as shown in Section 12) using filtered heptane to clean and flush the measurementcell an
47、d the inside of the connecting tubing before testing other test specimens.10. Test Specimen Preparation10.1 Gently shake the sample in its container, for at least a minute, sufficiently to ensure that a representative test specimen canbe drawn into the test specimen container.10.1.1 It is essential
48、to take a representative test specimen, but avoid power mixing or vigorous mixing as this can modify theparticles, break up agglomerated particles and entrain air. (See 14.1.4.)10.1.2 Consistent agitation can be achieved by either: (a) tumbling the sample container, by hand or using a suitable autom
49、atedmechanical tumbler, end over end for a minimum of 60 revolutions at approximately 1 revolution per second; (b) inverting thesample container back and forth for a minimum of 60 times at approximately 1 cycle per second; or (c) using a barrel roller androll for a minimum of 60 rotations. Other ways of gently shaking the sample can be used, provided a representative test specimenis achieved.10.2 Use a clean test specimen container, or flush a test specimen container by rinsing the inside of the cont
