1、Designation: D7710 14Standard Test Method forDetermination of Volume and Density of Rigid andIrregularly Shaped Molded Cellular Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the volume anddensity of irregularly shaped molded pro
3、ducts.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
4、h appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a
5、Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method is used to determine the volume ofirregular shaped materials. It uses displacement volume testingto determine the volume occupied by a specimen. This testmethod is used on materials that do not compress easily.Molded flexible and semi-rigid po
6、lyurethane foam are theprimary application for this test method although it is possiblethere will be other uses for this test method.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test procedure provides a standard method ofobtaining data for research and development, quality control,acceptance and rejection under
7、specifications and for specialpurposes.4.2 The data obtained by this test method is applicable to thematerial under the conditions of this particular test and are notnecessarily the same as obtained under other environments inuse.5. Interferences5.1 Successful application of this test method is depe
8、ndenton the ability of the media to surround the test samplepositioned in the test vessel and fill in all the open space.6. Apparatus6.1 Test vessel constructed as outlined in Section 10.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) media (unfoamed)approximately 4 mm in diameter. Medi
9、a shall be uniform insize and appearance.7.1.1 The precision and bias statement was made using datafrom an interlaboratory study (ILS) using LDPE media. Othermaterials are potentially suitable for use but are not addressedin this test method.7.1.2 The polyethylene media shall hereafter be referred t
10、oas “media” to accommodate other material as outlined in 7.1.1.8. Hazards8.1 No hazards have been identified with this test method.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units9.1 One specimen from a mold or cavity is to be tested at atime.9.2 Test units are SI units.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 T
11、est Vessel Construction:10.1.1 Test vessel shall allow at least 25 mm on each side ofthe specimen.10.1.2 Test vessel is a square or rectangular box made of arigid transparent plastic such as an acrylic or polycarbonate.This is to allow for visual inspection of the media during thefilling process, en
12、suring that the media has minimal spacingbetween particles, between the part and the vessel walls, and isproperly settled.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -Plastics and Elastomer
13、s.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. DOI:10.1520/D7710-142For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
14、y page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States110.1.3 Top of vessel has a hinged lid that is firmly securedwith a latch on the side opposite the hinges. Reinforce the lidto ensure that the lid remains flat.1
15、0.2 Center of test vessel lid has a 76 6 3 mm diameter holein the center for filling of the media10.3 For vessels greater than 750 cm2additional holes shallbe evenly spaced in the lid. Use one hole for every 400 cm2(overlapping is permitted).10.4 Small vessels are to be turned upside down to pour ou
16、tthe media. Large boxes are to have a plug installed on the sideof the box to pour out the media.11. Calibration and Standardization11.1 Calibration of Test Vessel: Method A (DisplacementMethod)11.1.1 Pour media into a graduated cylinder. Gently tap thecylinder three times to settle the media in the
17、 cylinder. It isimportant to fill the vessel consistently. When filling the vessel,the media shall be poured to overflowing and a straight edgelarger than the opening dragged over the opening to provide alevel and consistent surface. Repeat after any action that wouldcause the material to settle.11.
18、1.1.1 Record volume and place media into test vessel.11.1.1.2 Continue filling the test vessel through hole in thelid using the method in 11.1.1. Periodically lift box 25 mmfrom surface and drop three times to settle the media. (Verylarge vessels shall be shaken instead of dropped if the weightof th
19、e apparatus is too great to be safely picked up anddropped.)11.1.1.3 Repeat 11.1.1.2 until the vessel is full.11.1.1.4 Record the volume (Va) of media needed to com-pletely fill the vessel, to the nearest millilitre.11.1.1.5 Conduct the test five times and record the averagevolume of the vessel (V0)
20、.11.1.1.6 Calculate theoretical volume by measuring thelength, width, and height of the boxs interior in centimetres.Multiply these values together and compare to the averagevolume (V0). If the difference is more than 2 mL, repeatcalibration (11.1).11.2 Calibration of Vessel: Method B (Bulk Density
21、Method)11.2.1 Weigh a one litre graduated cylinder to the nearest0.1 g and record as (W1).11.2.2 Pour media into a graduated cylinder. Gently tap thecylinder three times to settle the media in the cylinder.11.2.3 Add more media if needed. Repeat 11.2.2 until thecylinder is full.11.2.4 When the cylin
22、der is full, weigh the cylinder orvolumetric flask to nearest 0.1 g and record as (W2).11.2.5 Determine weight of one litre of media by subtract-ing (W1) from (W2).11.2.6 Conduct weight test five times and record the averageweight in grams per litre (WF).12. Conditioning12.1 Test specimen to be cond
23、itioned at 23 6 2C and 50 610 % relative humidity for 24 hours prior to testing.12.2 Testing to be conducted in an environment of23 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.13. Procedure13.1 Test Method A: Determination of Volume by MeasuringDisplacement13.1.1 Fill vessel approximately12 way full with m
24、edia.13.1.2 Place test piece in the vessel and submerge so that itis at least 25 mm below the top of the vessel.13.1.3 Fill the vessel with media until the entire vessel isoccupied, free of voids. When the vessel appears full, settle themedia by dropping vessel 25 mm to a flat surface three times.Co
25、ntinue this process until the container is full. (Very largevessels shall be shaken instead of dropped if the weight of theapparatus is too great to be safely picked up and dropped.) It isimportant to fill the vessel consistently. When filling the vessel,the media shall be poured to overflowing and
26、a straight edgelarger than the opening dragged over the opening to provide alevel and consistent surface. Repeat after any action that wouldcause the material to settle.13.1.4 Carefully remove the media and measure the totalvolume of media (V1) with a graduated cylinder as it is beingremoved.13.1.5
27、Calculate volume of the specimen (V2) by subtract-ing litres of media (V1)(13.1.6) from initial volume (V0)(13.1.5).13.1.6 Conduct test three times and record the average ofthe readings.13.1.7 Report volume in litres to nearest 0.01 litre.13.1.8 Density Calculation:13.1.8.1 Weigh specimen to the nea
28、rest gram (WA).13.1.8.2 Calculate density (DA) in kg/m3by dividing themass of the specimen (WA) in g by its volume (V2) in litres:(WA)/(V2)=(DA) in g/mL to nearest 0.1. This is equivalentto kg/m3.13.2 Test Method B: Determination of Volume by MeasuringWeight Differential13.2.1 Weigh the specimen to
29、the nearest 0.1 g and record as(W3).13.2.2 Place the vessel on a balance capable of weighing tothe nearest 0.1 g and tare balance.13.2.3 Remove the vessel from the balance and fill vesselapproximately12 way full with media.13.2.4 Place specimen in the vessel and submerge so that itis at least 25 mm
30、below the top of the vessel.13.2.5 Fill the vessel the rest of the way with the media.13.2.6 When the vessel appears full, settle the media bydropping vessel 25 mm to a flat surface three times. Continuefilling and settling until the container is full. (Very large vesselsshall be shaken.)13.2.7 Plac
31、e filled vessel on balance and record final weightof vessel (W4).14. Calculation or Interpretation of Results14.1 Calculate volume (V by determining the weight of themedia (W4(13.2.7)W3(13.2.1) and dividing the weight ofthe media by weight of one litre of media (WF)(13.2.6). Thisis the volume (VB) o
32、f the part in litres (W4W3)/WF.D7710 14214.2 Calculate the density (DB) of the specimen by dividingits mass (W3) by its volume (VB). DB=(W3)/(VB)ing/Lwhich is equivalent to kg/m3. Report to nearest 0.1 kg/m3.15. Report15.1 Report volume of test specimen in litres.15.2 Report density in kg/m3as requi
33、red.16. Precision and Bias16.1 Precision and bias for tests methods in this standard arebased on round robin studies conducted by the ASTM D20.22committee in accordance with Practice E691. For this study,four materials were selected to cover a range of propertiesexpected in commercially available pr
34、oducts. Two labs partici-pated. The samples and tests vessel were used by both labs thatperformed the test. Each laboratory obtained five test resultsfor each material. Precision, characterized by repeatability (Srand r) and reproducibility (SRand R) have been determined asshown in the individual ta
35、bles. (See Table 1.)16.2 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate bias for these test methods. (WarningThe explana-tion of r and R are only intended to present a meaningful wayof considering the approximate precision of these test methods.The data in the tables should not be applied
36、 to acceptance orrejection of materials, as these data apply only to the materialstested in the round robins and are unlikely to be rigorouslyrepresentative of other lots, formulations, conditions, materials,or laboratories. Users of these test methods should apply theprinciples outlined in Practice
37、 E691 to generate data specific totheir materials and laboratory.)16.3 The study shown is presented as a repeatability studyfor reference only. The round robin study is ongoing. Thisstandard will be updated with data from six labs when the studyis complete.17. Keywords17.1 volume; density; molded; p
38、olyurethane; irregularlyshaped; cellular materialsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent right
39、s, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for r
40、evision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing y
41、ou shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may b
42、e obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Irregular Volume / Density Test(2 Laboratories)Material Avg. SrSRrR1 56.227 1.782 1.881 4.989 5.2662 126.268 14.157 40.260 39.640 112.7273 115.318 4.235 10.891 11.858 30.4964 53.877 0.664 3.415 1.860 9.562D7710 143
