1、Designation: D7717 11Standard Practice forPreparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol andGasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers and provides instructions on mak-ing a volumetric blend of denatu
3、red fuel ethanol with gasolineblendstocks, such as a reformulated gasoline blendstock foroxygenate blending (RBOB) or a conventional gasoline blend-stock for oxygenate blending (CBOB).1.2 This practice does not preclude the use of automatedvolumetric blending systems.1.3 The values stated in SI unit
4、s are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
5、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineF
6、uelD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Contentof Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates inGasoli
7、ne by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen SelectiveFlame Ionization Detection2.2 Federal Standard:3CFR 40.80 Title 40 Protection of Environment, Chapter1Environmental Protection Agency (continued), Part80Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives, Subpart DReformulated Gasoline3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.
8、1.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax. D48063.1.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula
9、(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax. D48063.1.3 gasoline, nvolatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable foruse as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines.D48143.1.4 gasolin
10、e-alcohol blend, nfuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35mass % oxygen or more than 0.15 mass % oxygen if methanolis the only oxygenate) of one or more alcohols. D48143.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 CBOBconventional gasoline blendstock for oxy-genate blending.3.2
11、.2 RBOBreformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygen-ate blending.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0Aon Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends.Current edition approved June 1,
12、2011. Published August 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D771711.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available
13、from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A speci
14、fic measured volume of denatured fuel ethanol isblended with a gasoline blendstock to achieve a final blend ofa predetermined percentage of denatured fuel ethanol. Theblend shall be prepared with all components and apparatuschilled. The total volume of the blend prepared is dependentupon the volume
15、needed to complete required testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 Typically, denatured fuel ethanol is added to gasolineblendstocks after production. For laboratories to test a samplethat is similar to the finished fuel available in the market, it isimportant to provide a laboratory practice that stand
16、ardizes thepreparation of a blend of denatured fuel ethanol and gasolineblendstock.5.2 The laboratory blend shall be prepared volumetrically toyield a fuel similar to that produced for consumer use.5.3 When applicable, blends shall meet requirements ofCFR 40.80, Subpart DReformulated Gasoline.6. App
17、aratus6.1 Class A glassware is recommended.6.2 Container used to mix blend shall have an appropriateclosure so as to prevent loss of light ends.7. Procedure7.1 Chill apparatus (see Note 1), samples, denatured fuelethanol, to be used in blending to 0 to 4C.NOTE 1Glassware should be sealed to reduce c
18、ondensation fromforming when chilled.NOTE 2Sample or denatured fuel ethanol temperature may be verifiedby direct temperature measurement of a similar liquid in a similarcontainer placed in the cooling bath or refrigerator at the same time.Alternatively, a laboratory may conduct a temperature-monitor
19、ing study todetermine the minimum length of time needed to achieve the temperaturerequirements stated in 7.1, based upon the laboratorys specific operationfor cooling.7.2 Denatured fuel ethanol used shall meet the requirementsof Specification D4806. When available, the denatured fuelethanol to be us
20、ed in the blend should be the same as that to beused in production.7.3 Determine the ethanol percentage required for the finalblend that is needed to meet specification or other require-ments, for example, a blend containing 10% by volume ofdenatured fuel ethanol.7.4 Determine the total volume of th
21、e final blend needed tocomplete all necessary testing.7.5 Use Eq 1 to calculate the volume of the denatured fuelethanol to be used in the blend.7.6 When not using a volumetric flask, use Eq 2 to calculatethe volume of the gasoline blendstock to be used in the blend.7.7 Perform the following actions
22、as efficiently as possibleto minimize vapor loss and temperature increase.7.8 Depending on the volume of denatured ethanol neededas determined by Eq 1, measure the volume using the appro-priate pipet, graduated cylinder, or other suitable volumetricmeasuring device.7.9 When using a volumetric flask,
23、 add measured denaturedethanol to the volumetric flask and bring up to volume withgasoline blendstock.7.10 When not using a volumetric flask and depending onthe volume of the gasoline blendstock needed as determined byEq 2, measure the volume using the appropriate pipet, gradu-ated cylinder, or othe
24、r suitable volumetric measuring device.7.10.1 Pour a measured volume of denatured ethanol and ameasured volume of gasoline blendstock into a container ofsuitable size to accommodate the total volume determined in7.4. Funnels may be used to limit sample loss during transferto the final container.7.11
25、 Thoroughly mix the blend. Do not shake vigorously asto do so can negatively impact vapor pressure.7.11.1 The blend may be split into smaller aliquots, ifnecessary.7.11.2 The volume percentage of ethanol in the final blendmay be verified if desired by Test Method D5599 or by TestMethod D4815.8. Calc
26、ulations8.1 To make blends at specific levels, it is necessary tocalculate the volume of each component needed to achievethese levels. SeeAppendix X1 for a calculation which accountsfor the purity of the ethanol in the denatured ethanol. Calculatethe ethanol volume as follows:Vde5 %E/100 * Vb(1)wher
27、e:Vde= volume of denatured ethanol needed for blend, mL,%E = final percentage of denatured ethanol needed inblend, for example, 10%, andVb= target volume of final blend, mL.8.2 Calculate gasoline blendstock volume as follows:Vg5 Vb Vde(2)Vg= volume of gasoline blendstock needed for blend,mL,Vb= targ
28、et volume of final blend, mL, andVde= volume of denatured ethanol needed for blend, mL.9. Keywords9.1 denatured fuel ethanol; gasoline blendstocks; volumetricblendsD7717 112APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDELINES TO CALCULATE ETHANOL VOLUME% WHEN CONSIDERING PURITY OF DENATURED ETHANOLX1.1
29、CalculationX1.1.1 If the purity of ethanol in the denatured ethanol is tobe considered when targeting a specific volume % of ethanol inthe final blend, use the following calculation to determinevolume of denatured ethanol to be used.Vde5 %E * Vb#/P (X1.1)where:Vde= volume of denatured ethanol needed
30、 for blend, mL,%E = percentage of denatured ethanol targeted in blend,for example, 9.5 volume %,Vb= target volume of final blend, mL, andP = Purity of denatured ethanol, as determined by TestMethod D5501, volume %.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
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