1、Designation: D8111 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH,Spark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Cen
3、ter (TMC)2services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the test purchaser decides if a
4、calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute
5、 (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the test purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operati
6、ng at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating
7、automotive engine oils for certain high-temperatureperformance characteristics, including oil thickening (as mea-sured by kinematic viscosity increase), piston deposits, ringsticking, oil consumption, and phosphorus retention. Such oilsinclude both single-viscosity and multiviscosity grade oils that
8、are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, aswell as in diesel engines.1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplementalrequirements, a Sequence IIIHATest (Mini Rotary Viscometerand Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), or a SequenceIIIHB Test (phosphorus retention measurement) can
9、be con-ducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained inAppendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.NOTE 1Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-mance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.
10、No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 Exceptions:1.2.1.1 Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screwthreads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, andvalve sizes and springs.1.2.1.2 The ring end gaps in Table A8.7, the dimensions forthe blowby ventilation
11、 support bracket in Fig. A3.2, and thetorque wrenches in Table A8.1 are in inch-pound units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
12、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are provided in 6.11.6, 7.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
13、 on Principles for the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D811117.2
14、ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatio
15、n established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Orga
16、nization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification fo
17、r Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test
18、Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Typ
19、es in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAt
20、omicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating
21、to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric H
22、ydrochloric Acid TitrationD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Em
23、ission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oilsand Base Stocks Between 10 C and 35 C UsingCold-Cranking SimulatorD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Labora
24、tory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition EngineD8047 Test Method for
25、 Evaluation of Engine Oil AerationResistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbo-charged Automotive Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-tative AnalysisE191 Speci
26、fication forApparatus For Microdetermination ofCarbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-MetallicCompounds2.2 SAE Standards:4J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classifi-cation (Other Than “Energy-Conserving”)J300 Engine Oil Viscosity ClassificationJ304 Engine Oil Tests *HS-23/00*2.3 Othe
27、r ASTM Documents:Guidelines for Calibration5The Lubricant Test Monitoring System, Sequence IIIH TestControl Chart Technique for Developing and ApplyingSeverity Adjustments (SA)6ASTM Deposit Rating Manual No. 20 (Formerly CRCManual 20)72.4 Other Standards:MIL-PRF-2104 Performance Specification: Lubri
28、cating Oil,Internal Combustion Engine, Combat/Tactical Service83. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being induced into thecombustion chambers. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith
29、 self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D41753For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
30、y page onthe ASTM website.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.5Guidelines for Calibration can be found in the Lubricant Test MonitoringSystem, available from the Test Monitoring Center, http :/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.6Available at: ftp:/f
31、tp.astmtmc.cmu.edu.7Available as stock #TMCMNL20 at www.astm.org, or contactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.8Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D81111723.1.3 blowby, nin inter
32、nal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation. D41753.1.4 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of adevice (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect tothat of
33、a standard. D41753.1.5 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test results.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting
34、guidance and determines acceptability. D41753.1.6 cold-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, but inspection shows that it was freeduring engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot bemove
35、d with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by apolished face over its entire circumference, indicating essen-tially no blowby passed over the outside of the ring duringoperation. D41753.1.7 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reac-tion between a material, usually a metal surface, a
36、nd itsenvironment that can produce a deterioration of the materialand its properties. D41753.1.8 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for
37、piston rings.3.1.8.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming areexamples. D41753.1.9 hot-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the pisto
38、n and ring areat room temperature, and inspection shows that it was stuckduring engine operation.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe portion of the ring that is stuckcannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-stuckring is characterized by varnish or carbon across a portion of itsface, indicating that po
39、rtion of the ring was not contacting thecylinder wall during engine operation. D41753.1.10 lubricant test monitoring system (LTMS), nan ana-lytical system in which ASTM calibration test data are used tomanage lubricant test precision and severity (bias). D41753.1.11 lubricant, nany material interpos
40、ed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D41753.1.12 mass fraction of B, wB,nmass of a component B ina mixture divided by the total mass of all the constituents of themixture.3.1.12.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbersor the ratio of two units of ma
41、ss (for example, mass fraction oflead is wB=1.3x106= 1.3 mg/kg). D80473.1.13 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), na fact sheetsummarizing information about material identification; hazard-ous ingredients; health, physical, and fire hazards; first aid;chemical reactivities and incompatibilities; spill
42、, leak, anddisposal procedures; and protective measures required for safehandling and storage. http:/3.1.14 non-reference oil, nany oil, other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.15 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an
43、 electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or a combination thereof. D41753.1.16 quality index (QI), na mathematical formula thatuses data from controlled para
44、meters to calculate a valueindicative of control performance. D41753.1.17 Quantity, nin the SI, a measurable property of abody or substance where the property has a magnitude ex-pressed as the product of a number and a unit; there are seven,well-defined base quantities (length, time, mass, temperatu
45、re,amount of substance, electric current, and luminous intensity)from which all other quantities are derived (for example,volume whose SI unit is the cubic metre).3.1.17.1 DiscussionSymbols for quantities must be care-fully defined; are written in italic font, can be upper or lowercase, and can be q
46、ualified by adding further information insubscripts, or superscripts, or in parentheses (for example, tfuel= 40 C, where t is used as the symbol for the quantity Celsiustemperature and tfuelis the symbol for the specific quantity fueltemperature). D80473.1.18 reference oil, nan oil of known performa
47、ncecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.18.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.19 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,
48、using the prescribed equipment according to the requirementsin the test method, and conducted according to the specifiedoperating conditions. D41753.1.20 special parts supplier (SPS), nthe manufacturerand supplier of many of the parts and fixtures used in this testmethod. D73203.1.21 test oil, nany
49、oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.1.21.1 DiscussionIt can be any oil selected by thelaboratory conducting the test. It could be an experimentalproduct or a commercially available oil. Often, it is an oil thatis a candidate for approval against engine oil specifications(such as manufacturers or military specifications, etc.) D41753.1.22 test parameter, na specified component, property,or condition of a test procedure.3.1.22.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel,lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and s
