1、Designation: D8134 18Standard Guide forConducting Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Tests on UnitedNations (UN) IBC Design Types1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized methodand a set of basic instructions for performing hyd
3、rostaticpressure testing on Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) de-signs as required by the United States Department of Trans-portation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and theUnited Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Danger-ous Goods (UN).1.2 This guide focuses on composite and r
4、igid plastic IBCsand is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material type.1.3 This guide provides information to help clarify variousterms used as part of the United Nations (UN) certificationprocess that may assist in determining the applicable test.1.4 This guide provides the suggested mini
5、mum informa-tion that should be documented when conducting pressuretesting.1.5 This guide provides information for recommendedequipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.1.6 This guide is based on the current information containedin 49 CFR 178.814.1.7 When testing packaging designs intended
6、 for hazardousmaterials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall betrained in accordance with 49 CFR 172.700 and other appli-cable hazardous materials regulations such as the InternationalCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions forthe Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
7、, the Interna-tional Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), andcarrier rules such as the InternationalAir TransportAssociation(IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis guide.1.9 T
8、his standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10
9、 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Tr
10、ade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Danger-ous Goods) PackagingsD7660 Guide for Conducting Internal Pressure Tests onUnited Nations (UN) Packagings2.2 Federal Standards:3U.S. Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regul
11、a-tions Title 49 Transportation (49 CFR) Parts 100-19932.3 UN Standard:4United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dan-gerous Goods, Model Regulations2.4 IMDG Standard:5International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDGCode)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bar, nmetric unit of atmospheric
12、pressure equal to14.50 psi (lb/in.2), 1.02 kg/cm2, 29.53 in.-Hg, or 0.9869atmosphere.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Hazardous Materials.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. DOI
13、: 10.1520/D8134-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Document
14、s, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402-9371 (website: phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat).4Available from the UN Economic Commission for Europe, InformationService, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland (website: http:/www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm).5Available from the Interna
15、tional Marine Organization (IMO, 4 AlbertEmbankment, London, SE1 7SR United Kingdom (website: http:/www.imo.org/)Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with international
16、ly recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.2 hydrostatic pressure test, ninternal pressure test
17、conducted on a container or packaging filled with water andpressurized with water or other suitable means; regulatoryreference sections: 49 CFR 178.814, UN 6.5.6.8, and IMDG6.5.6.8.3.1.3 kilopascal, kPa, nunit of pressure in the SI system ofinternational units, the primary standard system used by th
18、eUnited Nations (UN) and the U.S. Department of Transporta-tion (DOT) throughout their respective regulations per 49 CFR171.10.3.1.3.1 DiscussionTo convert kPa to psi, multiply by0.1450377 (95 kPa 0.1450377 = 13.8 psi).3.1.4 intermediate bulk container (IBC), nrigid or flexibleportable packaging, ot
19、her than a cylinder or portable tank,which is designed for mechanical handling (as defined by 49CFR 171.8).3.1.5 pounds per square inch, psi, nunit of measure in theinchpound (English) measurement system.3.1.5.1 DiscussionTo convert psi to kPa, multiply by 6.89(13.8 psi 6.89 = 95 kPa).4. Significanc
20、e and Use4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations re-quire performance tests to be conducted on packaging or IBCdesigns before being authorized for use. The regulations do notinclude standardized procedures for conducting performancetests and, because of this, may result in a non-unifor
21、mapproach and differences in test results between testing facili-ties.4.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance andto establish a set of common practices for conducting hydro-static pressure tests on IBC designs subjected to UN certifica-tion testing.4.3 Intermediate bulk container des
22、igns are required to betested in a sequence. This guide focuses on conducting thehydrostatic pressure test, which is preceded in the test sequenceby the leakproofness test. The fittings and adaptors applied tothe container for the hydrostatic pressure test may also be usedfor the leakproofness test.
23、5. Equipment5.1 Recommended Test Equipment:5.1.1 Appropriate Packaging Closing Equipment (Cali-brated as Applicable)Closing equipment, such as torquewrench, cover/closure crimping tools, and so forth, to preparethe IBC design for transport.5.1.2 Water Supply Source:5.1.2.1 Water supply source system
24、 should be designed tominimize water pressure fluctuations during the test.5.1.2.2 The water source can be building supplied waterprovided fluctuations in pressure do not occur during the test.5.1.2.3 It is recommended to have a separate water supplytank assembly to enable the use of air pressure ov
25、er the top ofthe water supply. Air pressure may be used to pressurize thewater supply tank to provide adequate water pressure to the testcontainer in a timely fashion. Refer to Fig. 1.5.1.3 Regulator Valve, used to maintain an even pressurethroughout the duration of the test and to maintain proper w
26、aterpressure to test container.5.1.4 Pressure Station to distribute water from water supplysource through the regulator to the test container. Refer toitems (6) and (7)inFig. 1.5.1.5 Hose or Piping, as required.5.1.6 Pressure Gauge(s), psi/kPa dual marked and cali-brated (digital preferred).5.1.6.1
27、Gauge, to monitor water supply pressure.5.1.6.2 Gauge, to monitor pressure inside the test container.5.1.6.3 All gauges used should be calibrated and have anaccuracy in the appropriate range.5.1.7 Connections (Fitting/Valves, Adaptors, Gaskets, andBushings) or other equally effective means, as neede
28、d.5.1.7.1 Fitting/Valve, for water inlet to test container.5.1.7.2 Fitting/Valve, for air release, drainage, and pressuremonitoring.5.1.7.3 Fitting/Valve, for pressure monitoring (if this is notcombined with air release fitting).NOTE 1When combining fittings and valves, take care to make surethe ass
29、embly does not interfere with the reading on the gauge. A longextension of the fitting may not provide an accurate pressure reading of thetest container. Fittings extending above or beyond the test containershould be kept as short as possible to maintain accurate values and stablefittings.5.1.8 Dril
30、l and appropriate drill bit.5.1.9 Temperature Measuring Device, appropriately cali-brated.5.1.10 0 to 60 min Timer with Audible Alarm.5.2 Safety Equipment, recommended.5.2.1 Safety Glasses with Side Shield.5.2.2 Gloves, fabric leather or rubber slip resistant, asappropriate.6. Sample Size6.1 One sam
31、ple is required for IBC designs. Reference 49CFR 178.814.7. Container7.1 Selection:7.1.1 Randomly select an appropriate container to be tested.7.1.2 Visually inspect container to verify that all closures,plugs, gasket, accessories, and so forth match the closinginstructions and to determine if the c
32、ontainer has any blemishesor defects that would affect a proper seal (record any observa-tions). If necessary, clean off gaskets and other closure surfacesto ensure a proper seal is accomplished.7.2 Preparation:7.2.1 Location of Fittings and GaugesCare should betaken not to attach fittings to contai
33、ner embossments or othergeometries that could possibly compromise the integrity of thecontainer or invalidate the test. The report should describe ingeneral how many fittings are used and where fittings andgauges are located. Photo documentation is recommended.NOTE 2To reduce the possibility of inco
34、nsistent results between testsamples, gauges and fittings should be in the same location.D8134 1827.2.1.1 IBC DesignsThe pressure gauges and fittingsshould be located in the highest possible point of the testorientation.7.2.2 Container Setup:7.2.2.1 Drill an appropriate size hole in the test contain
35、er fora water inlet fitting then install the fitting and snug tight witha wrench (see Fig. 2).7.2.2.2 Drill a second hole of appropriate size in the testcontainer for a pressure-monitoring fitting then install thefitting and snug tight with a wrench (see Fig. 2).NOTE 3Both holes and fittings should
36、be installed near the topopening to allow for access through the opening. Make sure you leaveenough room to allow for the closing tool to be used to torque the fill portcap of the IBC (see Fig. 3).7.2.2.3 Connect the pressure gauge assembly to this fittingand remember to place it at the highest poin
37、t of container testorientation (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).7.2.2.4 Connect the water supply line to the water inletfitting (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).Component ID Description1 Water supply (to pressure tank) with regulator and shut off valve. Hose quick-connects to pressure tank when used.2 Air supply (to
38、pressure tank) with regulator and shut-off valve. Hose quick-connects to pressure tank when used.3 Tank pressure relief with shut-off valve.4 Gauge to monitor the pressure inside the tank.5 Pressure tank (recommended minimum size of 80 gal) with air over water.6 Water supply with regulator and gauge
39、 to the test container from the pressure tank.7 Water supply hose (34 in.) with quick-connect to attached to test container.8 Test container (IBC sample).9 T-connection with gauge to monitor pressure in test sample and vent relief for container with hose (12 to34 in.). Hoseshould extend to drain or
40、water recovery container.FIG. 1 Internal Hydrostatic Pressure StationFIG. 2 Water Inlet Quick Connect Fitting FIG. 3 Quick Connect Fitting LocationsD8134 1837.2.2.5 Fill the container as full as possible without theclosure in place (see Fig. 5).7.2.2.6 When the water has reached a level just under t
41、heopening, discontinue filling. Dry the sealing area and threadarea to ensure there is no trapped water after the closure isapplied (see Fig. 5).7.2.2.7 Measure and record the temperature of the waterinside the test container before sealing the packaging. It isrecommended the water temperature be in
42、 the range of12-23C (see Fig. 5).7.2.2.8 Insert the top closure and secure. All test samplesshall have their fittings, covers, and closures prepared fortransportation in accordance with the manufacturers recom-mended closing instructions (see Fig. 4).7.2.2.9 Vented closures shall be replaced with no
43、n-ventedclosures of the same specification or the vent shall be sealed.Pressure-relief devices shall be removed and their aperturesplugged or shall be rendered inoperative (see Fig. 4).NOTE 4All containers should be prepared completely full with waterbefore starting the test. This may be accomplishe
44、d by venting thecontainer through a fitting while pressurizing the container and allowingthe air to be released.NOTE 5Care should be taken not to cause damage to any part of thesealing surface or thread areas while filling the container.7.2.2.10 When samples are prepared by the client or thirdparty,
45、 a note should be added to the report to indicate whosealed the containers.7.3 Reference Appendix X2 for pressure station preparationprior to starting the test.8. Rate of Pressurization8.1 Test pressure should be determined based on the pres-sures required by the regulations.8.2 After the container
46、has been sealed (in accordance withthe proper closing instructions) and as much air as possible hasbeen removed from the test sample, start pressurizing.8.3 The container shall be gradually pressurized to therequired test pressure using a continuous supply of waterthrough a regulator. The continuous
47、 supply of water shouldremain open to the test sample throughout the entire testduration to allow for the necessary water supply if containerexpansion occurs.8.4 The required test pressure should be accomplishedwithin a suitable length of time based on the IBC design type.It is recommended to be ach
48、ieved in less than 10 min.8.5 The rate of pressurization is dependent on the containerdesign (rigid or composite), size, and its material of construc-tion.8.5.1 The pressure should be applied continuously andevenly and at a rate that will not affect the results of the test.8.5.1.1 The rate should no
49、t be too fast that it would causeundo expansion (shock) to the test sample.8.5.1.2 The rate should not be too slow to cause undostressing over an extended period of time before the requiredtest pressure is reached.8.5.2 Example for Composite IBC with Blow MoldedReceptacleUsing a supply tank pressure of 100 psi and awater supply hose size of34 in. to the test sample a typical 275gal or 330 gal composite IBC should take approximately 7-9min to reach the required test pressure.8.6 For all design types, record the elapsed time to reach therequired test pres
