1、Designation: E283 04 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forDetermining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified PressureDifferences Across the Specimen1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E283; the number immediately following the desig
2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by
3、agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a standard laboratory procedurefor determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows,curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressureconditions across the specimen. The test method described isfor tests with
4、constant temperature and humidity across thespecimen.1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exteriorwindows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measureonly such leakage associated with the assembly and not theinstallation. The test method can be adapted for the latterpurpose.NOTE 1P
5、erforming tests at non-ambient conditions or with a tem-perature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate.This is not addressed by this test method.1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Personsinterested in performing field air leakage tests on installed unitss
6、hould reference Test Method E783.1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeablein the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, andshall have a general understanding of fenestration products andcomponents.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The value
7、s given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standar
8、d to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatement see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE783 Test Method for Field Measurement of A
9、ir LeakageThrough Installed Exterior Windows and Doors3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this standard are defined inTerminology E631.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air leakage rate (qAor ql), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2), orL/(sm) (ft3/minft)the air leakage per unit of sp
10、ecimen area(A) or per unit length of operable crack perimeter (l).3.2.2 extraneous air leakage (Qe), m3/s (ft3/min)the vol-ume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamberand test apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the testspecimen, under a test pressure difference and test
11、temperaturedifference, converted to standard conditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionExtraneous leakage is the sum of allleakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.3.2.3 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 7.3.2.4 specimen air leakage (Qs), L/s (ft3/min)
12、the volumeof air flowing per unit of time through the specimen under atest pressure difference and test temperature difference, con-verted to standard conditions.3.2.5 specimen area (A), m2(ft2)the area determined bythe overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the roughopening.3.2.6 standard t
13、est conditionsin this test method, dry airat:Pressure101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)Temperature20.8C (69.4F)Air Density1.202 kg/m3(0.075 lbm/ft3)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance
14、 of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E283 2004. DOI:10.1520/E0283-04R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu
15、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.7 test pressure differences,
16、Pa (lbf/ft2)the specifieddifferential static air pressure across the specimen.3.2.8 total air flow (Qt), L/s (ft3/min)the volume of airflowing per unit of time through the test chamber and testapparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the test speci-men, under a test pressure difference and te
17、st temperaturedifference, converted to standard conditions.3.2.9 unit length of operable crack perimeter (l), m (ft)thesum of all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, or doorscontained in the test specimen, based on the overall dimensionsof such parts. Where two such operable parts meet the two
18、adjacent lengths of perimeter shall be counted as only onelength.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of sealing a test specimen into oragainst one face of an air chamber, supplying air to orexhausting air from the chamber at the rate required tomaintain the specified test pressure differe
19、nce across thespecimen, and measuring the resultant air flow through thespecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe air leakage characteristics under specified air pressuredifferences at ambient conditions.NOTE 2The air pressure differences acting
20、across a building envelopevary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and theimplications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment withinbuildings are discussed in the literature.3,4,5These factors should be fullyconsidered in specifying the test pressure differences
21、 to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparisonpurposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless thecomponents being tested and compared are of essentially thesame size, configuration, and design.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section isgeneral in na
22、ture. Any suitable arrangement of equipmentcapable of maintaining the required test tolerances is permitted.6.2 Test ChamberA well sealed box, wall, or other appa-ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted andsecured for testing. An air supply shall be provided to allow apositive or negativ
23、e pressure differential to be applied acrossthe specimen without significant extraneous losses. The cham-ber shall be capable of withstanding the differential testpressures that may be encountered in this procedure. At leastone static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of thespecimen to
24、 measure the test pressure differences. The pressuretap shall be located in an area of the chamber in which pressurereadings will not be affected by any supply air. The air supplyopening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which itdoes not directly impinge upon the test specimen.6.2.1 Supp
25、ly Air SystemA controllable blower, exhaustfan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required airflow at the specified test pressure difference.The system shouldprovide essentially constant air flow at the specified testpressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtainreadings of ai
26、r flow.6.2.2 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe differential test pressures to 62 % of setpoint or 62.5 Pa(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.3 Air Flow Metering SystemA device to measure theair flow into the test chamber or through the test specimen.7. Hazards7.1 P
27、recautionGlass breakage may occur at the testpressure differences applied in this test. Adequate precautionsshould be taken to protect personnel.8. Test Specimen8.1 The test specimen for a wall shall be of sufficient size todetermine the performance of all typical parts of the wallsystem. For curtai
28、n walls or walls constructed with prefabri-cated units, the specimen width shall be not less than twotypical units plus the connections and supporting elements atboth sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least onetypical vertical joint or framing member, or both. The height3Available
29、from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Fluid MetersTheir Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternation
30、al Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Air Leakage ApparatusE283 04 (2012)2shall be not less than the full building story height or the heightof the unit, whichever is greater, and shall include at least onfull horizontal joint
31、, accommodating vertical expansion, suchjoint being at or near the bottom of the specimen, as well as allconnections at top and bottom of the units.8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full sizeusing the same materials, details, and methods of constructionand anchorage as used on the a
32、ctual building.8.1.2 Conditions of structural support shall be simulated asaccurately as possible.8.2 The test specimen for a window, door, or other compo-nent shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frameand anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installationin the building. If
33、 only one specimen is to be tested theselection shall be determined by the specifying authority.NOTE 3The air leakage rate is likely to be a function of size andgeometry of the specimen.9. Calibration9.1 Calibration shall be performed by mounting a plywoodor similar ridge blank to the test chamber i
34、n place of a testspecimen, using the same mounting procedures as used forstandard specimens. The blank shall be 19 6 3mm(34 618in.) thick with a 150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole(s) over whichNIST traceable orifice plates shall be mounted. The blank shallbe attached to a minimum 140 mm (512 in.) deep (no
35、minal 23 6) pine test frame (buck) with dimensions 1220 mm wide by1830 mm high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high).The test frame and blankshall be sealed at all joints.9.2 Each NIST traceable orifice plate shall be constructed of3mm(18 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameterof 200 mm (8 in.) and
36、 interior square edge diameters of 25.40mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.), and 50.80 mm (2.000in.).9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the blank, centered over a150mm (6inch) diameter hole. Seal the hole in the orificeplate with a suitable adhesive tape so that an extraneousreading on the air flow sy
37、stem can be obtained. Measure theamount of such leakage with the orifice plate sealed, at the airpressure difference to be applied during calibration. Afterdetermining the extraneous leakage, remove the adhesive tapefrom the hole in the orifice plate and repeat the process todetermine the total meas
38、ured flow.9.4 Calibration of the air leakage test equipment shallconsist of determining the flow through the air flow system tobe calibrated using all applicable orifice plate sizes for thedesign range of the flow metering apparatus. The orifice plateto be used for each of the following air flow ran
39、ges is indicatedin Table 1.NOTE 4Three orifice plates are used to allow the air flow measuringequipment to be used for a variety of specimen sizes and chamber/wallsetups.NOTE 5At test pressure other than 75 Pa (1.57 psf), the laboratoryshall calibrate the airflow measuring equipment with the applica
40、ble orificeplates and record the measurements at the specified pressure(s). Usingpressures greater than 75 Pa (1.57 psf) may not permit reproducibilitybetween laboratories, nor may it warrant meeting calibration tolerancerequirements as specified at 75 Pa (1.57 psf).9.5 The air flow measuring system
41、 shall be consideredwithin the limits of calibration when the maximum air flowreading during testing does not exceed the highest calibratedair flow value by 20 %. The air flow measuring system shall beconsidered to be all piping and test chamber elements from theair flow measuring device to the orif
42、ice plate.9.6 The measured flow at each listed pressure for eachorifice plate shall be determined with an error not greater than6 5 % when the flow is greater than 0.944 L/s (2 ft3/min) or 610 % when the flow is less than 0.944 L/s (2 ft3/min) butgreater than 0.236 L/s (0.5 ft3/min).NOTE 6At lower f
43、lows, a greater percentage of error will usually beacceptable. If higher precision is required, special flow measuringtechniques are necessary. The accuracy of the specimen leakage flowmeasurement is affected by the accuracy of the flowmeter and the amountof extraneous leakage of the apparatus (Anne
44、x A1).9.7 Alternate means may be used for calibrating the air flowmeasuring system as long as they can be proven to provide thesame level of accuracy and are traceable to NIST.9.8 Calibration shall be performed at least once every sixmonths using the method described above. Alternative orificemounti
45、ng conditions may be used during interim calibrationperiods for air flow checking purposes.10. Test Conditions10.1 The specifying authority shall supply the followinginformation:10.1.1 Specimen test size,10.1.2 Test pressure difference (if no value is designated, 75Pa (1.57 lb/ft2), and10.1.3 Direct
46、ion of air flow, exfiltration or infiltration. (Ifnone is specified, the test shall be infiltration.)10.2 Air Leakage RateBasis for reporting air leakage rateshall be total air leakage L/s (ft3/min), per unit length ofoperable crack perimeter, L/(sm) (ft3/minft), and per unit areaof outside frame di
47、mension, L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2).11. Procedure11.1 Remove any sealing material or construction that is notnormally a part of the assembly as installed in or on a building.Fit the specimen into or against the chamber opening. Instal-lation should be such that no parts or openings of the specimenare obst
48、ructed.NOTE 7Nonhardening mastic compounds or pressure sensitive tapecan be used effectively to seal the test specimen to the chamber, and toachieve air tightness in the construction of the chamber. These materialscan also be used to seal a separate mounting panel to the chamber. Rubbergaskets with
49、clamping devices may also be used for this purpose, providedthat the gasket is highly flexible and has a narrow contact edge.11.2 Without disturbing the seal between the specimen andthe test chamber, adjust all hardware, ventilators, balances,Orifice PlateHole SizesNominalFlowDifferential PressureAcross Orifice Plate25.4mm(1.0in.) 3.47L/s(7.36ft3/min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)38.1 mm (1.5 in.) 7.66 L/s (16.24 ft3/min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)50.8 mm (2.0 in.) 13.64 L/s (28.90 ft3/min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)E283 04 (2012)3sash, doors, and other components in
