1、Designation: E 90 04Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound TransmissionLoss of Building Partitions and Elements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis test metho
3、d is part of a set for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of building elements.It is designed to measure the transmission of sound through a partition or partition element in alaboratory. Others in the set cover the measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test MethodE 336), the laborato
4、ry measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E 492),the measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E 1007), the measurementof sound transmission through building facades and facade elements (Guide E 966), the measurementof sound transmission through
5、 a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E 1414), a quickmethod for the determination of airborne sound isolation in multiunit buildings (Practice E 597), andthe measurement of sound transmission through door panels and systems (Test Method E 1408).1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the labo
6、ratory measurement ofairborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such aswalls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies,doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing ele-ments.1.2 Laboratory AccreditationA procedure for accreditinga laboratory for performing t
7、his test method is given in AnnexA3.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limi
8、tations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental AcousticsE 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundInsulation in BuildingsE 413 Classification for Rating Sound InsulationE 492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of ImpactSound T
9、ransmission Through Floor-Ceiling AssembliesUsing the Tapping MethodE 597 Practice for Determining a Single-Number Rating ofAirborne Sound Isolation for Use in Multiunit BuildingSpecificationsE 966 Guide for Field Measurement of Airborne SoundInsulation of Building Facades and Facade ElementsE 1007
10、Test Method for Field Measurement of TappingMachine Impact Sound Transmission through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support StructuresE 1289 Specification for Reference Specimen for SoundTransmission LossE 1332 Classification for Determination of Outdoor-IndoorTransmission ClassE 1375 Test
11、 Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenua-tion of Furniture Panels Used as Acoustical BarriersE 1408 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of theSound Transmission Loss of Door Panels and Door Sys-temsE 1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
12、E 2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates forUse in Sound Insulation Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE33.03 on Sound Transmission.Current e
13、dition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved 2002 E 90 02.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
14、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.S1.4 Specification for Sound-Level Meters3S1.6 Standard Preferred Frequencies, Fre
15、quency Levels,and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements3S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard PressureMicrophones3S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters3S12.31 Precision Methods for the Determination of SoundPower Levels of Broad-Band
16、 Noise Sources in Reverbera-tion Rooms32.3 ISO Standards:ISO 717 Rating of Sound Insulation for Dwellings3ISO 3741 AcousticsDetermination of Sound PowerLevel of Noise SourcesPrecision Methods for Broad-Band Sources in Reverberation Rooms33. Terminology3.1 The following terms used in this test method
17、 havespecific meanings that are defined in Terminology C 634.acoustical barrierairborne soundaverage sound pressure levelbackground noisedampdecay ratedecibeldiffractiondiffuse sound fielddirect sound fieldflanking transmissionleveloctave bandpink noisereceiving roomreverberant sound fieldreverberat
18、ion roomsabinsound absorptionsound attenuationsound energysound insulationsound isolationsound levelsound powersound pressuresound pressure levelsound transmission levelsound transmission classsound transmission coefficientsound transmission losssource roomunit3.1.1 For the purposes of this test met
19、hod, transmission lossis operationally defined as the difference in decibels betweenthe average sound pressure levels in the reverberant source andreceiving rooms, plus ten times the common logarithm of theratio of the area of the common partition to the soundabsorption in the receiving room (see Eq
20、 11).NOTE 1Sound transmission coefficient and sound transmission lossare related by either of the two equations:TL 5 10 log1/t! (1)t510TL/10(2)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 sound absorption, A, L2of a room, in a specifiedfrequency band, the hypothetical area of a totally a
21、bsorbingsurface without diffraction effects which, if it were the onlyabsorbing element in the room, would give the same sounddecay rate as the room under consideration.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Two adjacent reverberation rooms are arranged with anopening between them in which the test partition
22、is installed.Care is taken that the only significant sound transmission pathbetween rooms is by way of the test partition. An approxi-mately diffuse sound field is produced in one room, the sourceroom. Sound incident on the test partition causes it to vibrateand create a sound field in the second ro
23、om, the receivingroom. The space- and time-averaged sound pressure levels inthe two rooms are determined (see Fig. 1). In addition, with thetest specimen in place, the sound absorption in the receivingroom is determined. The sound pressure levels in the tworooms, the sound absorption in the receivin
24、g room and the areaof the specimen are used to calculate transmission loss asshown in Section 12. Because transmission loss is a function offrequency, measurements are made in a series of frequencybands.4.2 Additional procedures that may be followed whentesting doors are given in Test Method E 1408.
25、5. Significance and Use5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in TerminologyC 634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuseincident sound field, and this is the test condition approachedby this laboratory test method. The test results are thereforemost directly relevant to the perfor
26、mance of similar specimensexposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, a3Available from theAmerican National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.FIG. 1 Illustration showing conceptual arrangement of a wallsound transmission loss suite. This figure is not mea
27、nt to be adesign guide but is for illustrative purposes only. As an example,the room on the right has fixed microphones to measure averagesound pressure level; the room on the left has a continuouslymoving microphone to measure average sound pressure level.Usually both rooms will have the same micro
28、phone system. Thesound sources (loudspeakers) in the rooms generate theincident sound fields for the measurement of level differences orof sound decay rates. As shown, either room could serve assource or receiving room.E90042useful general measure of performance for the variety of soundfields to whi
29、ch a partition or element may typically be exposed.5.2 This test method is not intended for field tests. Fieldtests should be performed according to Test Method E 336.6. Test Rooms6.1 Room Size and ShapeTo produce an acceptable ap-proximation to the assumed diffuse sound fields, especially inthe low
30、est test frequency band, the sound fields in the roomsmust satisfy the requirements in Annex A2. They must alsosatisfy any of the following requirements that are mandatory.6.1.1 Minimum VolumeThe volume of the source andreceiving rooms must each be 50 m3(1765 ft3) or more.6.2 Room AbsorptionThe soun
31、d absorption in each of therooms should be made as low as possible to achieve the bestpossible simulation of the ideal diffuse field condition and tokeep the region dominated by the direct field (of the source orof the test specimen) as small as possible (see 8.5). At eachfrequency, the sound absorp
32、tion for each room (as furnishedwith diffusers) should be no greater than:A 5 V2/3/3 (3)where:V = room volume, andA = sound absorption of the room.When V is expressed in cubic metres, A is in square metres.When V is expressed in cubic feet, A is in sabin (square feet).At low frequencies somewhat hig
33、her room absorption may bedesirable to accommodate other test requirements (for ex-ample,ANSI S12.31, ISO 3741). Sound absorption in the roomis usually increased at frequencies below f=k2/V1/3(k2is anempirical constant equal to 2000 m/s when V is in cubic metres,and equal to 6562 ft/s when V is in c
34、ubic feet). In any case, thesound absorption should be no greater than three times thevalue given by Eq 3. For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmo-spheric absorption may make it impossible to avoid a slightlyhigher value than that given in Eq 3.6.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the average temperaturesi
35、n each room during all acoustical measurements shall be in therange 22 6 5C.6.2.2 When testing specimens that are windows or windowsystems, the average temperature of the specimen and in eachroom during all acoustical measurements shall be in the range22 6 2CNOTE 2The sound damping properties of vis
36、coelastic materials usedto mount glass often depends on temperature. This requirement minimizesany effects this has on measured sound transmission loss.6.2.3 During the sound pressure level and sound absorptionmeasurements, variations in temperature and humidity in thereceiving room shall not exceed
37、 3C and 3% relative humidityrespectively. Temperature and humidity shall be measured andrecorded at the beginning and end of each test to ensurecompliance.6.3 Methods to Reduce the Variability of the Sound FieldsMeeting the requirements of 6.1 and 6.2 can be difficult in thelower test bands where re
38、sults are likely to depend critically onarbitrary features of the test geometry such as positioning ofthe sound sources and individual microphones. Spatial varia-tions in sound pressure level and decay rate may be reduced byone or both of the following types of diffusing panels. Therecommendations t
39、hat follow are only included as guidelines.Satisfaction of the requirements of Annex A2 for confidenceintervals is the primary criterion, not the size or number ofdiffusing panels.6.3.1 Stationary Diffusing PanelsIt is recommended thateach test room be fitted with a set of about 3 to 6 diffusingpane
40、ls, suspended in random orientations throughout the roomspace. The appropriate number, distribution, and orientation ofpanels should be determined experimentally by checking to seeif spatial variances of sound pressure level or decay rate arereduced. Lateral panel dimensions should be about12 to 1wa
41、ve-length of the sound at the lowest test band, for example,about 1.2 to 2.5 m. The recommended minimum mass per unitarea of the panels is 5 kg/m2(1 lb/ft2) for operation down to100 Hz. (Panels of plywood or particleboard measuring 1.23 2.4 m are often used.) To be effective at lower frequencies,the
42、 size and mass of diffusing panels should be increased inproportion to the wavelength. It is likely to be impractical touse very large diffusing panels at very low frequencies; theymight make the room behave like a number of coupled spacesrather than a single room, and it might be difficult to posit
43、ionmicrophones.6.3.2 Rotating or Moving DiffusersOne or more rotatingor moving panels set at oblique angles to the room surfacesmay be installed in either or both rooms. The recommendationsfor weight and size of the panels given in 6.3.1 for fixeddiffusing panels apply also to rotating or moving dif
44、fusers. Thepanels should be large enough that during motion they producea significant variation in the sound field, yet small enough thatthey do not effectively partition the room at any point in theirmovement.NOTE 3Moving diffusers can generate mechanical noise or wind andwind noise in microphones.
45、 This increased background noise may makemeasurements difficult in some cases.6.4 Flanking TransmissionThe test rooms shall be con-structed and arranged to minimize the possibility of transmis-sion by paths other than that through the test partition. Soundpressure levels produced by such flanking tr
46、ansmission shouldbe at least 10 dB lower than the sound radiated into thereceiving room by the test partition. Supporting one or bothrooms on vibration isolators (resilient materials or springs) is acommon method of reducing flanking transmission. Structuraldiscontinuities are recommended between th
47、e source-room andthe test specimen and between the receiving room and the testspecimen to minimize flanking transmission between them.NOTE 4If the specimen is rigidly connected to the source-roomstructure, there is some risk that, in addition to the incident airbornesound, sound power may enter the
48、specimen at the edges because ofvibration of the source-room structure. Similarly, if the specimen is rigidlyconnected to the receiving room structure, sound power may flow from thespecimen to the walls of the receiving room and be radiated from them.6.4.1 The limit on specimen transmission loss mea
49、surementdue to flanking transmission must be investigated as follows:6.4.1.1 In the test opening, build a partition expected to havehigh transmission loss.E900436.4.1.2 Measure the transmission losses following this testmethod.6.4.1.3 Increase the expected transmission losses by makinga substantial improvement to the test partition, for example, byadding a heavy shielding structure in front of the test partition.6.4.1.4 Measure the transmission loss again.6.4.1.5 Repeat steps 6.4.1.3 and 6.4.1.4 until significantadditions to the test partition no longer signifi
