1、Designation: E 90 09Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound TransmissionLoss of Building Partitions and Elements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is part of a set for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of building
3、elements.It is designed to measure the transmission of sound through a partition or partition element in alaboratory. Others in the set cover the measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test MethodE 336), the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E 492)
4、,the measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E 1007), the measurementof sound transmission through building facades and facade elements (Guide E 966), the measurementof sound transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E 1414), a quickmethod for the
5、 determination of airborne sound isolation in multiunit buildings (Practice E 597), andthe measurement of sound transmission through door panels and systems (Test Method E 1425).1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement ofairborne sound transmission loss of building partitions s
6、uch aswalls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies,doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing ele-ments.1.2 Laboratories are designed so the test specimen consti-tutes the primary sound transmission path between the two testrooms and so approximately diffuse sound f
7、ields exist in therooms.1.3 Laboratory AccreditationThe requirements for ac-crediting a laboratory for performing this test method are givenin Annex A4.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
8、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodC 634 Terminol
9、ogy Relating to Building and Environmen-tal AcousticsE 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundAttenuation between Rooms in BuildingsE 413 Classification for Rating Sound InsulationE 492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of ImpactSound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling AssembliesUsing
10、 the Tapping MachineE 966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne SoundInsulation of Building Facades and Facade ElementsE 1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of TappingMachine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support StructuresE 1111 Test Method for Meas
11、uring the Interzone Attenua-tion of Open Office ComponentsE 1289 Specification for Reference Specimen for SoundTransmission LossE 1332 Classification for Determination of Outdoor-IndoorTransmission ClassE 1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling PlenumE
12、 1425 Practice for Determining the Acoustical Perfor-mance of Exterior Windows and DoorsE 2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates forUse in Sound Insulation Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:S1.6-1984 (R2006) American National Standard PreferredFrequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band Numbers
13、for1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE33.03 on Sound Transmission.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition appr
14、oved in 2004 as E 90 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
15、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Acoustical Measurement3S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard PressureMicrophones3S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters3S1.40 Specifications and Verification P
16、rocedures for SoundCalibrators3S1.43 Specifications for Integrating-Averaging Sound-Level Meters3S12.51 AcousticsDetermination of Sound Power Levelsof Noise Sources Using Sound PressurePrecision Meth-ods for Reverberation Rooms32.3 ISO Standards:ISO 717 Rating of Sound Insulation for Dwellings3ISO 3
17、741 AcousticsDetermination of Sound Power Levelof Noise SourcesPrecision Methods for ReverberationRooms32.4 IEC Standards:IEC 60942 ElectroacousticsSound Calibrators4IEC 61672 ElectroacousticsSound Level MetersPart 1:Specifications43. Terminology3.1 The following terms used in this test method haves
18、pecific meanings that are defined in Terminology C 634.acoustical barrier reverberation roomairborne sound sound absorptionaverage sound pressure level sound attenuationbackground noise sound energydamp sound insulationdecay rate sound isolationdecibel sound leveldiffraction sound powerdiffuse sound
19、 field sound pressuredirect sound field sound pressure levelflanking transmission sound transmission levellevel sound transmission classoctave band sound transmission coefficientpink noise sound transmission lossreceiving room source roomreverberant sound field unit3.1.1 For the purposes of this tes
20、t method, transmission lossis operationally defined as the difference in decibels betweenthe average sound pressure levels in the reverberant source andreceiving rooms, plus ten times the common logarithm of theratio of the area of the common partition to the soundabsorption in the receiving room (s
21、ee Eq 5).NOTE 1Sound transmission coefficient and sound transmission lossare related by either of the two equations:TL 5 10 log1/t! (1)t510TL/10(2)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Two adjacent reverberation rooms are arranged with anopening between them in which the test partition is installed.Care is t
22、aken that the only significant sound transmission pathbetween rooms is by way of the test partition. An approxi-mately diffuse sound field is produced in one room, the sourceroom. Sound incident on the test partition causes it to vibrateand create a sound field in the second room, the receivingroom.
23、 The space- and time-averaged sound pressure levels inthe two rooms are determined. In addition, with the testspecimen in place, the sound absorption in the receiving roomis determined. The sound pressure levels in the two rooms, thesound absorption in the receiving room and the area of thespecimen
24、are used to calculate sound transmission loss asshown in Section 11. Because transmission loss is a function offrequency, measurements are made in a series of frequencybands.4.2 In theory, it is not important which room is designated asthe source and which as the receiving room. In practice,differen
25、t values of sound transmission loss may be measuredwhen the roles are reversed. To compensate for this, the entiremeasurement may be repeated with the roles reversed; thesource room becomes the receiving room and vice versa. Thetwo sets of transmission loss values are then averaged toproduce the fin
26、al result for the laboratory.4.3 Additional procedures that may be followed whentesting doors are given in Test Method E 1425.5. Significance and Use5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in TerminologyC 634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuseincident sound field, and this is t
27、he test condition approachedby this laboratory test method. The test results are thereforemost directly relevant to the performance of similar specimensexposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, auseful general measure of performance for the variety of soundfields to which a partition o
28、r element may typically be exposed.5.2 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements ofthis test method, the intent is that only significant path forsound transmission between the rooms is through the testspecimen. This is not generally the case in buildings wherethere are often many other pa
29、ths for soundsflanking soundtransmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using thistest method do not relate directly to sound isolation inbuildings; they represent an upper limit to what would bemeasured in a field test.5.3 This test method is not intended for field tests. Fieldtests shall be
30、performed according to Test Method E 336.NOTE 2The comparable quantity measured using Test Method E 336is called the apparent sound transmission loss because of the presence offlanking sound transmission.6. Test Rooms6.1 The test rooms shall be so constructed and arranged thatthe test specimen const
31、itutes the only important transmissionpath between them. Laboratories must investigate their flank-ing limit and prepare a report as described in Annex A5.6.2 The spatial variations of sound pressure level measuredin the each room shall be such that the precision requirementsin Annex A2 are satisfie
32、d at all frequencies.6.3 Volume of RoomsThe minimum volume of each roomis 80 m3.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue deVaremb, Case postale
33、 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.E90092NOTE 3See Appendix X1 for recommendations for new construction.6.4 Room AbsorptionThe sound absorption in the receiv-ing room should be low to achieve the best possible simulationof the ideal diffuse field condition, and to minimize the r
34、egiondominated by the direct field of the test specimen. In thefrequency range that extends from f = 2000/V1/3to 2000 Hz,the absorption in the receiving room (as furnished withdiffusers) should be no greater than:A 5 V2/3/3 (3)where:V = the room volume, m3, andA = the sound absorption of the room, m
35、2.6.4.1 For frequencies below f = 2000/V1/3, somewhat higherabsorption may be desirable to accommodate requirements ofother test methods (for example, ISO 3741); in any case, theabsorption should be no greater than three times the valuegiven by Eq 3.NOTE 4For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmospheric a
36、bsorption maymake it impossible to avoid a slightly higher value than that given in Eq3.6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the average temperatures ineach room during all acoustical measurements shall be in therange 22 6 5C and the average relative humidity shall be atleast 30 %.6.5.1 When testing spec
37、imens with temperature sensitivematerials, such as systems that incorporate laminated glass, theaverage temperature of the specimen and in each room duringall acoustical measurements shall be in the range 22 6 2C.NOTE 5The sound damping properties of viscoelastic substratesbetween panels (glass, met
38、al, etc.) and of viscoelastic materials used tomount glass often depend on temperature. This requirement minimizesany effects this has on measured sound transmission loss.6.6 During the sound pressure level and the correspondingsound absorption measurements, variations in temperature andhumidity in
39、the receiving room shall not exceed 3C and 3 %relative humidity respectively. Temperature and humidity shallbe measured and recorded as often as necessary to ensurecompliance.6.6.1 If a relative humidity of at least 30 % can not bemaintained in the receiving room, users of the test method shallverif
40、y by calculation that changes in the 10 log A0term (see11.1) due to changes in temperature and humidity do notexceed 0.5 dB.NOTE 6Procedures for calculating air absorption are described in TestMethod C 423.7. Test Specimens7.1 Size and MountingAny test specimen that is to typifya wall or floor shall
41、 be large enough to include all the essentialconstructional elements in their normal size, and in a propor-tion typical of actual use. The minimum dimension (excludingthickness) shall be 2.4 m, except that specimens of doors, officescreens, and other smaller building elements shall be theircustomary
42、 size. Preformed panel structures should include atleast two complete modules (panels plus edge mountingelements), although single panels can be tested. In all cases thetest specimen shall be installed in a manner similar to actualconstruction, with a careful simulation of normal constraintand seali
43、ng conditions at the perimeter and at joints within thefield of the specimen. Detailed reporting and installationprocedures for particular types of building separation elementsare given in Annex A1.7.2 Offce ScreensThe minimum area of an office screenspecimen shall be 2.3 m2. Testing an office scree
44、n according tothis test method is only appropriate when the property ofinterest is sound transmission through the main body of thescreen. Screens that incorporate electrical raceways may allowsound to pass through easily in this region. Such parts of anoffice screen shall be included as part of the
45、specimen. For acomplete test of the screen as a barrier, including the effects ofdiffraction and leakage, Test Method E 1111 is recommended.7.3 Operable Door SystemsMeasurements may be inaccordance with Test Method E 1425 to evaluate door systemsin the operable and fully sealed state, and to measure
46、 the forcerequired to operate the door.8. Test Signal Sound Sources8.1 Signal SpectrumThe sound signals used for these testsshall be random noise having a continuous spectrum withineach test frequency band.8.2 Sound SourcesSound sources shall consist of one ormore loudspeakers in an enclosure.NOTE 7
47、Sources should preferably be omnidirectional at all measure-ment frequencies to excite the sound field in the room as uniformly aspossible. Using separate loudspeakers for high and low frequencies willmake the system more omnidirectional. Aiming the loudspeakers intocorners of the room can reduce th
48、e direct field from the loudspeakersystem. An approximation to an omnidirectional speaker system can beobtained by mounting an array of loudspeakers on the faces of apolyhedron (cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, etc.). Sources in trihedralcorners of the room excite room modes more effectively and labo
49、ratoryoperators may find that this orientation increases the low frequency soundpressure levels in the room.8.3 Multiple Sound SourcesIf a laboratory chooses to usemultiple sound sources at different locations in the roomsimultaneously, they shall be driven by separate random noisegenerators and amplifiers.NOTE 8Measured values of sound transmission loss, especially at lowfrequencies, may change significantly when sound source position ischanged. Multiple sound sources driven by uncorrelated noise signalshave also been found to reduce the spatial var
