1、Designation: E1037 84 (Reapproved 2009)E1037 15Standard Test Method forMeasuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-51This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribution of a RDF-5 sample. Size is defined as the maximum len
3、gth ofthe particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5 manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette all have arecognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and shapes of some RDF-5 particles.1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories of differing particle siz
4、es. The size distribution is measured as theweight percentage of each size category. A graph of a function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer than particlesize versus particle size is plotted. From this plot are taken values which describe the size distributionthe uniformity cons
5、tantand the characteristic particle size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryl
6、imitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 RDF-5solid fuel derived from municipal solid waste in which the processed combustible fraction is densified(compressed) into the form of pellets, cubettes or briquettes.3. Significance and Use3.1 The particle size distribution of RDF-5 stro
7、ngly influences the storage and handling characteristics of the fuel. Smallparticles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate thisproblem of blockage.3.2 This test method of measuring size by hand manually allows accurate descri
8、ption of RDF-5 particle size distribution.Measurement by hand Manual measurement is superior to sieving techniques, wherein particles may be broken by the sizeseparation technique itself. However, hand measurement is more time-consuming than sieving techniques.4. Apparatus4.1 Labelled Containers, us
9、ed to hold the particles which are separated by size. Appropriate containers are beakers or panslabelled “70 mm”, “60 mm 70 mm”, etc. The tare weight of each container shall be recorded to 0.1 g.4.2 Scale, capable of weighing the sample and container with an accuracy of 0.1 g.4.3 Vernier Calipers, a
10、 length-measuring instrument having an accuracy of 0.1 mm.5. Procedure5.1 The sample shall weigh 1.0 6 0.1 kg (2.2 6 0.2 lb) unless otherwise specified. Record the weight of the sample to thenearest 0.1 g.5.2 Beginning with the largest particles, measure the length of each particle in the sample. Se
11、parate the particles into containerslabelled as the size categories of less than 10 mm, 10 to less than 20 mm, 20 to less than 30 mm, 30 to less than 40 mm, etc. asneeded.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
12、mittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2015. Published November 2009September 2015 Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042009as E1037 84 (2004).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E1037-84R09.10.1520/E1037-15.This document is not an
13、 ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. I
14、n all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Record the weight of each size category to 0.1 g.5.4 Add the weight
15、s of the size components. If this sum differs by more than 2 % from the sample weight recorded initially,then reject the analysis and begin another test.5.5 Use the sum of the separate size categories as the total weight to determine weight percentages of each size fraction. If theweight percentage
16、of any fraction is greater than or equal to 25 %, then separate that fraction into two portions of 5-mm sizecategories. Continue separating the size fraction into categories of 2.5 mm, 1.25 mm, etc., until the weight percentage of eachfraction is less than 25 %.FIG. 1 RDF-5 SizesFIG. 2 Size Distribu
17、tion ExampleTest Number 1E1037 1526. Calculation6.1 With each particle size for which there is data, calculate y, the cumulative fraction of the sample less than that particle size.This is found by summing the weight percentages of all fractions less than that size.Also calculate the value of the Ro
18、sin-Rammlerfunction for each particle size, as follows:lnS 112y D (1)6.2 Plot ln1/(1 y) versus particle size on log-log paper. Data points will yield a straight line.6.3 Determine two values which characterize this linethe uniformity constant and the characteristic particle size. Theuniformity const
19、ant, n, is defined as the slope of the line. The characteristic particle size, x0, is defined as the size at which 63.2 %of the particles (by weight) are smaller. The characteristic particle size is the size corresponding to ln1/(1 y) = 1.0. Fig. 2 is anexample of this plot.7. Report7.1 Report the u
20、niformity constant, n (a dimensionless number), and the characteristic particle, x0 (millimeters).8. Precision8.1 Table 1 presents the results of intra- and inter-laboratory precision testing. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory tests wereperformed on different populations of RDF-5.TABLE 1 Results
21、 of Precision TestingUniformityConstantCharacteristicSizeIntra-laboratory Sample mean 2.42 3 gStandard deviation 0.16 2 mmInter-laboratory Sample mean 2.65 36 mmStandard deviation 0.18 2 mmASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with a
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