1、Designation: E1105 00 (Reapproved 2008)E1105 15Standard Test Method forField Determination of Water Penetration of InstalledExterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, byUniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1105; the number
2、immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1
3、This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doorsto water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at theoutdoor face higher than the pressure at the
4、indoor face.1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily fordetermining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, butit may also be used to determin
5、e the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacentconstruction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but doesnot
6、 result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants andinsulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measu
7、rement.1.5 The values stated in SIinch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.6
8、 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard
9、 statements, see 7.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static AirPressure DifferenceE547 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by C
10、yclic StaticAir PressureDifferenceE631 Terminology of Building Constructions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating to building construction used in this test method, see TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 specimen, nthe entire ass
11、embled unit submitted for test as installed in the exterior wall of a building.3.2.1.1 Discussion1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performanceof Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtai
12、n Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2008Aug. 1, 2015. Published May 2008September 2015. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20002008 asE1105 00.E1105 00(2008). DOI: 10.1520/E1105-00R08.10.1520/E1105-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.o
13、rg, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chang
14、es have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offici
15、al document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1The test specimen consists of the major components of the assembly, including all joints, cracks, or openings between suchcomponents and any panning, receptors, extenders, si
16、lls, mullions, or other parts or components used for assembling anyinstallation. The joints between assemblies and the openings into which they are mounted (masonry openings, for example) arenot part of the test specimen. However, these joints may be tested by this procedure.3.2.2 test pressure diff
17、erence, nthe specified difference in static air pressure across the closed and locked or fixed specimenexpressed in pascalslbf/ft2 (lbf/ft(pascals).2).3.2.3 water penetration, npenetration of water beyond a plane parallel to the glazing (the vertical plane) intersecting theinnermost projection of th
18、e test specimen, not including interior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of air pressuredifference across the specimen. For products with non-planer surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, etc.) the plane defining waterpenetration is the plane defined by the innermost edges of the unit f
19、rame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing a chamber to the interior or exterior face of specimen to be tested, supplying air to achamber mounted on the exterior or exhausting air from a chamber mounted on the interior, at the rate required to maintain thetest pressure di
20、fference across the specimen while spraying water onto the outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate andobserving any water penetration.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic staticair pr
21、essure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting acrossa building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.NOTE 1In applying the results of tes
22、ts by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of properinstallation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of componentsto deterioration by various cause
23、s, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wettingconditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity,and lateral or upward moving
24、air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.NOTE 2This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field perfor
25、mance may vary fromlaboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratorycan only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades,aging, and other envi
26、ronmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This fieldtest procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or d
27、oor assemblies are initially installed andbefore the interior of the building is finished. At this time, it is generally easier to check the interior surfaces of the assemblies forwater penetration and to identify the points of penetration. The major advantage of testing when assemblies are initiall
28、y installedis that errors in fabrication or installation can be readily discovered and corrections made before the entire wall with its componentassemblies is completed at which time the expense of corrective work may be increased many times.5.4 The field test may also be made after the building is
29、completed and in service to determine whether or not reported leakageproblems are due to the failure of the installed assemblies to resist water penetration at the specified static air pressure difference.Generally it is possible to conduct tests on window, skylight, and door assemblies without too
30、much difficulty, and to identifysources of leakage. A curtain-wall assembly, on the other hand, may not be accessible from the inside without the removal ofinterior finished walls and ceilings. Even with removal of interior walls and ceilings, it may not be possible to observe curtain-wallsurfaces b
31、ehind spandrel beams. The feasibility of conducting a meaningful static air pressure difference water penetration test onan in-service building must be carefully evaluated before being specified.5.5 Weather conditions can affect the static air pressure difference measurements. If wind gusting causes
32、 pressure fluctuationto exceed 6 10 % 610 % from the specified test pressure, the test should not be conducted.5.6 Generally it is more convenient to use an interior mounted pressure chamber from which air is exhausted to obtain a lowerpressure on the interior surface of the specimen. A calibrated r
33、ack of nozzles is then used to spray water at the proper rate on theexterior surface. Under circumstances where it is desirable to use an exterior-mounted pressure chamber, the spray rack must belocated in the pressure chamber and air supplied to maintain a higher pressure on the exterior surface. E
34、xterior chambers aredifficult to attach readily and seal to exterior surfaces.5.7 Even though the equipment requirements are similar, this procedure is not intended to measure air infiltration because ofthe difficulty of isolating the component air leakage from the extraneous leakage through weep ho
35、les, mullion joints, trim, or othersurrounding materials.E1105 1526. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general in nature, and any arrangement of equipment capable of performingthe test procedures within allowable tolerances is permitted.6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):6.2.1
36、Test ChamberA test chamber or box made of plywood, plastic, or other suitable material and sealed against the testspecimen. Test chambers mounted on the interior must be made so that interior surfaces and joints of the specimen can be easilyobserved for water penetration during the test. No part of
37、the testing chamber shall come in contact with or restrict any point wherewater pentrationpenetration may occur. At least one static air pressure tap shall be provided to measure the chamber air pressureversus the ambient (interior-exterior) air pressure and shall be so located that the reading is u
38、naffected by exterior impinging wind,or by the velocity of air supply to or from the chamber. The air supply opening into or exhaust from the chamber shall be arrangedso that air does not impinge directly on the test specimen with any significant velocity. A means of access into the chamber maybe pr
39、ovided to facilitate adjustments and observations after the chamber has been installed.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed air supply exhaust system, or reversible blower designed to supply therequired maximum air pressure difference across the specimen. The system must provide essenti
40、ally constant air flow at a fixedpressure for the required test period.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measure the test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62 % or 62.5 Pa(60.01 in. 60.01 in. (62.5 Pa of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.4 Water-Spray SystemThe water-spray
41、system shall deliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the testspecimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/m5.0 2min (5.0 U.S. gal/ft2h).h (3.4 Lm2min).NOTE 3The National Weather Service Technical Paper No. 403 records that in the contiguous 48 United States, the greatest rainfall for a 1-h pe
42、riodis less than 12.7 cm (5.0 in.). The rate of 3.4 L/m2min (5.0 U.S. gal/ft2h) specified in this test method corresponds to a rainfall of 20.3 cm (8.0 in.)/hunless otherwise specified.6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spaced on a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the
43、testspecimen and shall be adjustable to provide the specified quantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the test specimen,FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Water Penetration Test ApparatusE1105 153uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to water penetration. If additional nozzles are requi
44、red to provide uniformity of waterspray at the edge of the test specimen, they shall be equally spaced around the entire spray grid.6.2.4.2 The intake water line to the nozzle grid shall be equipped with a pressure gage and pressure adjusting valve. For fieldtesting, the water pressure shall be adju
45、sted to the same pressure at which the water spray system was calibrated.7. Hazards7.1 WarningGlass breakage will not normally occur at the small pressure differences applied in this test method. Excessivepressure differences may occur, however, due to error in operation or gusting wind, therefore,
46、exercise adequate precautions toprotect personnel.7.2 Take whatever additional precautions are necessary to protect persons from water spray, falling objects (which may includetools), the spray system, or even the exterior test chamber.8. Examination of Test Specimens8.1 Select and identify the test
47、 specimen in accordance with the procedures established in Section 10.8.2 Conduct a detailed visual examination of the test specimen and the construction adjacent to the test specimen. Record allpertinent observations.8.3 If the intent is to test an operable window, skylight, or door, the unit shoul
48、d be checked for proper installation by opening,closing, and locking the unit five times prior to testing, with no further attention other than the initial adjustment.E1105 154NOTE 3The purpose of this examination is to record the physical condition of the test specimen and adjacent construction at
49、the time of testing.Examples of pertinent observations to be recorded include; any damage or deterioration observed, missing or broken components, miss-adjustment orweatherstrip or other components, cleanliness of the test specimen, out-of-square installations, and so forth.9. Calibration9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the applicable requirements shall be checked by using a catch box, the open faceof which shall be located at the position of the face of the test specimen. The calibration device is illustrated in Fig. 2. The catchbox shall b
